Nutrition Research and Practice

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Association between vitamin D intake and bone mineral density in Koreans aged ≥ 50 years: analysis of the 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey using a newly established vitamin D database

  • Yoo, Kyoung-Ok (Food and Nutrition Major, Woosong University) ;
  • Kim, Mi-Ja (Department of Food and Nutrition, Daejeon Institute of Science and Technology) ;
  • Ly, Sun Yung (Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University)
  • Received : 2018.06.15
  • Accepted : 2018.11.29
  • Published : 2019.04.01
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Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D plays an important role in skeletal growth and maintenance and in the prevention of various diseases. We investigated the relationship between vitamin D intake and bone mineral density (BMD) in Korean adults aged ${\geq}50$ years using the 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study was conducted in 1,808 subjects aged ${\geq}50$ years with BMD data in Korea. Dietary vitamin D levels were assessed by the 24-hour recall method. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We investigated general characteristics and the association between these characteristics, vitamin D status, and BMD. RESULTS: Vitamin D intake was significantly lower in the osteoporosis group among women (P < 0.05). Among all subjects, the higher the serum 25(OH)D concentration, the higher the whole-body total BMD (WBT-BMD), femoral total hip BMD, and femoral neck BMD (P < 0.01). In the serum vitamin D-deficient group of both the total population and women, serum 25(OH)D concentration was associated with WBT-BMD (P < 0.05). Among women with a calcium intake < 537.74 mg/day, BMD of those with a vitamin D intake > $2.51{\mu}g/day$ (average intake of women) was higher than that of women with a vitamin D intake ${\leq}2.51{\mu}g/day$ (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Korean adults should increase their BMD by increasing serum 25(OH)D concentration. Furthermore, increasing vitamin D intake could improve BMD, especially in Korean women who consume less calcium than the estimated average requirement.

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