References
- Kononen E, Gursoy M, Gursoy UK. Periodontitis: a multifaceted disease of tooth-supporting tissues. J Clin Med 2019;8:E1135. doi: 10.3390/jcm8081135.
- Dahlen G, Basic A, Bylund J. Importance of virulence factors for the persistence of oral bacteria in the inflamed gingival crevice and in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. J Clin Med 2019;8:E1339. doi: 10.3390/jcm8091339.
- Pan W, Wang Q, Chen Q. The cytokine network involved in the host immune response to periodontitis. Int J Oral Sci 2019;11:30. doi: 10.1038/s41368-019-0064-z.
- Graves DT. The potential role of chemokines and inflammatory cytokines in periodontal disease progression. Clin Infect Dis 1999;28:482-90. doi: 10.1086/515178.
- Rhee SH. Lipopolysaccharide: basic biochemistry, intracellular signaling, and physiological impacts in the gut. Intest Res 2014;12:90-5. doi: 10.5217/ir.2014.12.2.90.
- Olsen I, Singhrao SK. Importance of heterogeneity in Porhyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide lipid A in tissue specific inflammatory signalling. J Oral Microbiol 2018;10:1440128. doi: 10.1080/20002297.2018.1440128.
- Jia L, Han N, Du J, Guo L, Luo Z, Liu Y. Pathogenesis of important virulence factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis via tolllike receptors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019;9:262. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2019.00262.
- Coats SR, Reife RA, Bainbridge BW, Pham TT, Darveau RP. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide antagonizes Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide at toll-like receptor 4 in human endothelial cells. Infect Immun 2003;71:6799-807. doi: 10.1128/iai.71.12.6799-6807.2003.
- Westphal O. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide-extraction with phenol water and further application of procedure. Methods Carbohydr Chem 1965;5:83-92.
- Markwell MA, Haas SM, Bieber LL, Tolbert NE. A modification of the Lowry procedure to simplify protein determination in membrane and lipoprotein samples. Anal Biochem 1978;87:206-10. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(78)90586-9.
- Grenier D, Grignon L. Response of human macrophage-like cells to stimulation by Fusobacterium nucleatum ssp. nucleatum lipopolysaccharide. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2006;21:190-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-302X.2006.00278.x.
- Posch G, Andrukhov O, Vinogradov E, Lindner B, Messner P, Holst O, Schaffer C. Structure and immunogenicity of the rough-type lipopolysaccharide from the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2013;20:945-53. doi: 10.1128/CVI.00139-13.
- Gholizadeh P, Pormohammad A, Eslami H, Shokouhi B, Fakhrzadeh V, Kafil HS. Oral pathogenesis of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Microb Pathog 2017;113:303-11. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.001.
- Gutierrez-Venegas G, Kawasaki-Cardenas P, Cruz-Arroyo SR, Perez-Garzon M, Maldonado-Frias S. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide stimulates the phosphorylation of p44 and p42 MAP kinases through CD14 and TLR-4 receptor activation in human gingival fibroblasts. Life Sci 2006;78:2577-83. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.10.033.
- Hashimoto M, Asai Y, Tamai R, Jinno T, Umatani K, Ogawa T. Chemical structure and immunobiological activity of lipid A from Prevotella intermedia ATCC 25611 lipopolysaccharide. FEBS Lett 2003;543:98-102. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00414-9.
- Nativel B, Couret D, Giraud P, Meilhac O, d'Hellencourt CL, Viranaicken W, Da Silva CR. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharides act exclusively through TLR4 with a resilience between mouse and human. Sci Rep 2017;7:15789. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-16190-y.