Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety (해양환경안전학회지)

The Korean Society of Marine Environment and safety (해양환경안전학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on the Origin of Organic Matter in Seawater in Korean Estuaries Using Chemical Oxygen Demand

화학적산소요구량을 이용한 하구해역의 해수중 유기물 기원 고찰

  • Kim, Young-Sug (Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science) ;
  • Koo, Jun-Ho (Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science) ;
  • Kwon, Jung-No (Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science) ;
  • Lee, Won-Chan (Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
  • 김영숙 (국립수산과학원 어장환경과) ;
  • 구준호 (국립수산과학원 어장환경과) ;
  • 권정노 (국립수산과학원 어장환경과) ;
  • 이원찬 (국립수산과학원 어장환경과)
  • Received : 2018.07.23
  • Accepted : 2018.10.26
  • Published : 2018.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this study, one studied the principal factors and water-quality components that determine the concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in seawater in estuaries, such as the Han, Geum, Youngsan, Seomjin, and Nakdong rivers in Korea. The principal factors determining the concentration of COD in seawater indicated by the principal component analysis were salinity, exogenous origin and autochthonous resources based on chlorophyll-a. Moreover, organic matter in the submarine sediment layer also had a secondary effect. Regression slope assessed the contribution of water-quality components to determine the concentration of COD in the estuary. One found that the effect of salinity on the overall survey was significant. Moreover, the effect of chlorophyll-a was also appeared in April and August. In each estuary, the most significant contribution factor was chlorophyll-a in the Nakdong River and salinity in the Han and Yongsan rivers. The contribution of salinity and chlorophyll-a were found to be the largest in the Geum River. The salinity and chlorophyll-a in the Seomjin River showed a low contribution.

본 연구에서는 우리나라의 주요하천인 한강, 금강, 영산강, 섬진강 그리고 낙동강의 하구에서 해수중 화학적산소요구량(COD)의 농도를 결정하는 주요 요인과 수질인자에 대해 고찰하였다. 주성분분석으로 얻어진 해수중 COD 농도를 결정하는 주요요인은 염분과 클로로필-a를 중심으로 한 외래성 기원과 자생공급으로 나타났으며, 그 외 해저 퇴적층의 유기물도 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 하구해역의 COD 농도를 결정하는 수질인자들의 기여도는 회귀식 기울기를 통해 평가하였다. 조사시기별로는 전체적으로 염분의 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 4월과 8월에는 클로로필-a의 영향도 함께 받는 것으로 나타났다. 하구별로는 낙동강에서는 클로로필-a, 한강과 영산강에서는 염분, 금강에서는 염분과 함께 클로로필-a의 기여도가 각각 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 섬진강에서는 염분과 클로로필-a 모두 낮은 기여를 나타내었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Aoki, S., Y. Fuse and E. Yamada(2004), Determinations of humic substances and other dissolved organic matter and their effects on the increase of COD in Lake Biwa, Analytical Science, Vol. 20, pp. 159-164. https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.20.159
  2. Baek, S. H.(2014), Distribution characteristics of chemical oxygen demand and Escheria coli on pollutant sources at Gwangyang Bay of South Sea in Korea, Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, Vol. 15, No. 5, pp. 3279-3285. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2014.15.5.3279
  3. Boynton, W. R., J. H. Garber, R. Summers and W. M. Kemp(1995), Inputs, transformations, and transport of nitrogen and phosphorus in Chesapeake Bay and selected tributaries, Estuaries, Vol. 18, pp. 285-314. https://doi.org/10.2307/1352640
  4. Carstensen, J., J. H. Andersen, B. G. Gustafsson and D. J. Conley(2014), Deoxygenation of the Baltic Sea during the last century, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, Vol. 111, pp. 5628-5633. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1323156111
  5. Cho, K. J., M. Y. Choi, S. K. Kwak, S. H. Im, D. Y. Kim, J. G. Park and Y. E. Kim(1998), Eutrophication and seasonal variation of water quality in Masan-Jihae Bay, The Sea Journal of the Korean society of oceanography, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 193-202.
  6. Drira, Z., S. Kmiha-Megdiche, H. Sahnoun, A. Hammami, N. Allouche, M. Tedetti and H. Ayadi(2016), Assessment of anthropogenic inputs in the surfacewaters of the southern coastal area of Sfax during spring (Tunisia, Southern Mediterranean Sea), Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 104, pp. 355-363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.01.035
  7. Guo, X., M. Dai, W. Zhai, W. J. Cai and B. Chen(2009), $CO_2$ flux and seasonal variability in a large subtropical estuarine system, the Pearl River Estuary, China, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 114, G03013, doi:10.1029/2008JG000905.
  8. Hong, S. J., W. C. Lee, S. P. Yoon, S. E. Park, Y. S. Cho, J. N. Kwon and D. M. Kim(2007), Reduction of autochthonous organics in Masan Bay using a simple box model, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 111-118.
  9. Huang, X., L. Huang and W. Yue(2014), The characteristics of nutrients and eutrophication in the Pearl River estuary, South China, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 47, pp. 30-36.
  10. Humborg, C., A. Ittekkot, A. Cociasu and B. V. Bodungen (1997), Effect of Danube River dam on Black Sea biogeochemistry and ecosystem structure, Nature, Vol. 386, pp. 385-388. https://doi.org/10.1038/386385a0
  11. Jang, J. I, I. S. Han, K. T. Kim and K. T. Ra(2011), Characteristics of water quality in the Shihwa Lake and outer sea, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 105-121. https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2011.17.2.105
  12. Jeong, D. H., H. H. Shin, S. W. Jung and D. I. Lim(2013), Variations and characters of water quality during flood and dry seasons in the eastern coast of south sea, Korea, Korean Journal of Environmental Biology, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 19-36. https://doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2013.31.1.019
  13. Jeong, Y. H., Y. T. Kim, Y. Z. Chae, C. W. Rhee, K. R. Ko, S. Y. Kim, J. Y. Jeong and J. S. Yang(2005), Analysis of long-term monitoring data from the Geum river estuary, The Sea Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 139-144.
  14. Jung, W. S., S. J. Hong, W. C. Lee, H. C. Kim, J. H. Kim and D. M. Kim(2016), Modeling for pollution contribution rate of land based load in Masan Bay, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 59-66. https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2016.22.1.059
  15. Kairesalo, T., L. Tuominen, H. Hartikainen and K. Rankinen (1995), The role of bacteria un the nutrient exchange between sediment and water in a flow-through system, Microbial Ecology, Vol. 29, pp. 129-144. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00167160
  16. Kim, J. G.(2006), The evaluation of water quality in coastal sea of Incheon using a multivariate analysis, Journal of the Environmental Sciences, Vol. 15, No. 11, pp. 1017-1025. https://doi.org/10.5322/JES.2006.15.11.1017
  17. Kim, J. G. and H. S. Jang(2016), A Study on the inflowing pollution load and material budgets in Hampyeong Bay, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2016.22.1.001
  18. Kim, J. K., G. I. Kwak and J. H. Jeong(2008), Three-Dimensional mixing characteristics in Seomjin river estuary, Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environmental Engineering, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 164-174.
  19. Kim, Y. T., Y. S. Choi, Y. S. Cho and Y. H. Choi and S. Jeon(2015), Characteristic distributions of nutrients and water quality parameters in the vicinity of Mokpo Harbor after freshwater inputs, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 617-636. https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2015.21.6.617
  20. Lee, K. S. and S. K. Jeon(2009), Material budgets in the Youngsan river estuary with simple box model, Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environmental Engineering, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 248-254.
  21. Lim, J. S., Y. W. Kim, J. H. Lee, T. J. Park and I. G. Byun(2015), Evaluation of correlation between chlorophyll-a and multiple parameters by multiple linear regression analysis, Journal of Korean Society Environmental Engineers, Vol. 37, No. 5, pp. 253-261. https://doi.org/10.4491/KSEE.2015.37.5.253
  22. Maciejewska, A. and J. Pempkowiak(2014), DOC and POC in the water column of the southern Baltic Part I. Evaluation of factors influencing sources, distribution and concentration dynamics of organic matter, Oceanologia, Vol. 56, No. 3, pp. 523-548. https://doi.org/10.5697/oc.55-3.523
  23. MOF(2013), Ministry of Oceans and Fsheries, Marine environment standard methods, pp. 47-85.
  24. Morioka, T.(1980), Application of ecological dynamics for eutrophication control in Kobe Harbour area, Pro Water Technology, Vol. 12, pp. 445-458.
  25. Park, H. S., C. K. Park, M. K. Song, K. H. Baek and S. K. Shin(2001), Evaluation of water quality characteristic using factor analysis in the Nakdong river, Journal of Korean Society on Water Quality, Vol. 17, No. 6, pp. 693-701.
  26. Quan, W. M., X. Q. Shen and J. D. Han(2005), Analysis and assessment on eutrophication status and developing trend in Changjiang Estuary and adjacent sea, Marine Environmental Science, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 13-16. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1007-6336.2005.03.004
  27. Savchuk, O. P.(2002), Nutrient biogeochemical cycles in the Gulf of Riga: scaling up field studies with a mathematical model, Journal of Marine Systems, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 253-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(02)00039-8
  28. Shen, H. T., Q. H. Huang and X. C. Liu(2000), Fluxes of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus through the key interfaces in the Changjiang Estuary, Estuarine Coasts, Vol. 33, No. 6, pp. 1420-1429.
  29. Shim, K. H., Y. J. Lee, B. K. Jeong, Y. S. Shim and S. H. Kim(2013), Determination of the origin of particulate organic matter at the estuary of Yungsan river using stable isotope ratios (${\delta}13C,{\delta}15N$), Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment, Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 175-184. https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2013.46.2.175
  30. Shin, S. K., C. K. Park and K. O. Song(1995) Evaluation of autochthonous COD in the Nakdong estuary, Journal of the Korean Fisheries Society, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 263-269.
  31. Simpson, J. H., P. B. Tett, M. L. Argote-Espinoza, A. Edwards, K. J. Jones and G. Savidge(1982), Mixing and phytoplankton growth around an island in a stratified sea, Continental Shelf Research, Vol. 1, pp. 15-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(82)90030-9
  32. Singh, K. P., A. Malik, D. Mohan and S. Sinha(2004), Multivariate statistical techniques for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in water quality of Gomti River (India): a case study, Water Research, Vol. 38, pp. 3980-3992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2004.06.011
  33. Straskrabova, V., J. Komarkova and V. Vyhnalek(1993), Degradation of organic substance in reservoirs, Water Science and Technology, Vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 95-104. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0133
  34. Wang, H., M. Dai, J. Liu, S. J. Kao, C. Zhang, W. J. Cai, G. Wang, W. Qian, M. Zhao and M. Sun(2016), Eutrophication-Driven Hypoxia in the East China Sea off the Changjiang Estuary, Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 50, pp. 2255-2263. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b06211