Journal of agriculture & life science (농업생명과학연구)

Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University (경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원)
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A Fundamental Study for Pre-harvest Treatment System with an Onion Stem Cutter and a Plastic Mulch Wrapper

줄기 절단 및 비닐수거 기능을 가진 양파수확 전처리기 기초 연구

  • Lee, Seungyun (Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services) ;
  • Han, Cheolwoo (Dept. of Bio-industrial Machinery Engineering(Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Park, Hyoje (Dept. of Bio-industrial Machinery Engineering(Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Kweon, Giyoung (Dept. of Bio-industrial Machinery Engineering(Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Gyeongsang National University)
  • 이승윤 (경남농업기술원) ;
  • 한철우 (경상대학교 생물산업기계공학과(농업생명과학연구원)) ;
  • 박효제 (경상대학교 생물산업기계공학과(농업생명과학연구원)) ;
  • 권기영 (경상대학교 생물산업기계공학과(농업생명과학연구원))
  • Received : 2018.04.19
  • Accepted : 2018.07.11
  • Published : 2018.10.31
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Abstract

Mechanization of onion cultivation is essential to increase the competitiveness of onion cultivation farms. Onion stem cutting work requires 20.7hr/10a among the entire labor input time. In particular, 76% of the harvesting work depends on human labor. Digging and collection for onion cultivation has been partially mechanized, but few researches were implemented for stem cutters. No machine has been developed for stem cutting on the plastic mulching cultivation. The tensile force of the low-density polyethylene film used for agricultural mulching is reduced to 90% of the original force. Thus, mulching film collecting process was difficult because it was easily torn. To develop a combined onion stem cutter and plastic mulch lifter, stem cutting length based on moisture content in onion, the shape of blade, blade angle, the tensile force of plastic mulch, and the penetration resistance were investigated. The results showed that the less cutting resistance becomes the higher moisture content in onion and the longer stem cutting length become. Also, the cutting resistance was the lowest at the condition of the blade scope of $30^{\circ}$ and the blade angle of $20^{\circ}$ among variation levels for parameter effects test. The plastic mulch vinyl had the tensile force of 27.99 N, which is hardly tearing in its removal process, might be appropriate in onion cultivation. By the analyses of the penetration resistance of the guide, the guide angle of $40^{\circ}$ with the average resistance of 2.26 N was appropriate.

양파 수확작업은 양파 재배 작업의 전체 노동 투하시간 중 39%, 81.2hr/10a를 소모하며 이 중 줄기절단작업에 20.7hr/10a가 소요된다. 특히 수확작업은 76%가 인력에 의존하고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 굴취와 수거작업에 대한 기계화가 연구되고 있으나 줄기절단기계의 경우, 비닐 멀칭상태에서의 원활한 작업이 가능한 장비가 개발되지 않았으며, 농업용 멀칭비닐로 사용하는 저밀도 폴리에틸렌 필름은 양파재배 기간에 비닐이 부식되어 비닐 인장력이 원재료의 90% 수준으로 저하되므로 비닐 제거시 찢어짐이 생겨서 비닐수거에 애로사항이 있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내 환경에서 줄기절단작업 및 비닐회수작업이 원활하게 가능한 양파수확전처리기 개발을 위한 양파 수분함유량에 따른 줄기절단 높이, 칼날형태, 칼날각도, 비닐 인장력, 가이드의 토양내 전진저항시험 등의 기초실험을 실시하였다. 양파줄기의 수분함유량에 따른 줄기절단높이 시험결과, 수분이 많을수록, 줄기절단 높이가 높을수록 절단저항은 낮게 나타났으며 줄기절단저항 시험에서는 칼날 각도 및 기움각에 따른 절단 저항력 시험에서는 칼날 기움각 $30^{\circ}$, 칼날각도 $20^{\circ}$에서 절단저항력이 가장 낮게 나타나 왕복식 예취칼날이 적절한 것으로 판단되었다. 비닐 인장시험에서는 0.025mm 비닐이 27.99N의 인장력에서도 찢어짐이 거의 없어 양파 재배 시 사용하는 경우 비닐회수 작업이 원활하게 진행될 것으로 판단되며 또한 가이드의 토양 내 전진저항에서 가이드 각도 $40^{\circ}$일때 평균저항은 2.26N으로 적정한 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 농촌진흥청

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