DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Evaluation of seismic performance of mid-rise reinforced concrete frames subjected to far-field and near-field ground motions

  • Ansari, Mokhtar (Department of Civil Engineering, Bozorgmehr University of Qaenat) ;
  • Ansari, Masoud (Department of Civil Engineering, Semnan University) ;
  • Safiey, Amir (Glenn Department of Civil Engineering, Clemson University)
  • Received : 2017.11.01
  • Accepted : 2018.08.07
  • Published : 2018.11.25

Abstract

Damages to buildings affected by a near-fault strong ground motion are largely attributed to the vertical component of the earthquake resulting in column failures, which could lead to disproportionate building catastrophic collapse in a progressive fashion. Recently, considerable interests are awakening to study effects of earthquake vertical components on structural responses. In this study, detailed modeling and time-history analyses of a 12-story code-conforming reinforced concrete moment frame building carrying the gravity loads, and exposed to once only the horizontal component of, and second time simultaneously the horizontal and vertical components of an ensemble of far-field and near-field earthquakes are conducted. Structural responses inclusive of tension, compression and its fluctuations in columns, the ratio of shear demand to capacity in columns and peak mid-span moment demand in beams are compared with and without the presence of the vertical component of earthquake records. The influences of the existence of earthquake vertical component in both exterior and interior spans are separately studied. Thereafter, the correlation between the increase of demands induced by the vertical component of the earthquake and the ratio of a set of earthquake record characteristic parameters is investigated. It is shown that uplift initiation and the magnitude of tensile forces developed in corner columns are relatively more critical. Presence of vertical component of earthquake leads to a drop in minimum compressive force and initiation of tension in columns. The magnitude of this reduction in the most critical case is recorded on average 84% under near-fault ground motions. Besides, the presence of earthquake vertical components increases the shear capacity required in columns, which is at most 31%. In the best case, a direct correlation of 95% between the increase of the maximum compressive force and the ratio of vertical to horizontal 'effective peak acceleration (EPA)' is observed.

Keywords

References

  1. ACI 318 (2014), Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary, American Concrete Institue, Farmington Hills, MI, USA.
  2. Aguirre, J. and Irikura, K. (1995), "Preliminary analysis of nonlinear site effects at port island vertical array station during the 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake", J. Nat. Disast. Sci., 16(2), 49-58.
  3. Ambraseys, N.N. and Simpson, K.A. (1995), "Prediction of vertical response spectra in Europe", Research Report ESEE-95/1, Imperial College, London, UK.
  4. Bas, S. and Kalkan, I. (2016), "The effects of vertical earthquake motion on an R/C structure", Struct. Eng. Mech., 59(4), 719-737. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2016.59.4.719
  5. Bayraktar, A., Altunisik A.C., Turker, T., Karadeniz H., Erdogdu, S., Angin, Z. and Ozsahin T.S. (2014), "Structural performance evaluation of 90 RC buildings collapsed during the 2011 Van, Turkey, Earthquakes", J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 29(6), 410-440.
  6. Bisch, P., Carvalho, E., Degee, H. F., Fardis, M., F. P., Kreslin, and M. and Tsionis, G. (2012), "Eurocode 8: seismic design of buildings worked examples", Luxembourg: JRC Technical Report, Publications Office of European Union/Joint Research Center.
  7. Broderick, B.M., Elnashai, A.S., Ambraseys, N.N., Barr, J., Goodfellow, R. and Higazy, M. (1994), "The Northridge (California) earthquake of 17 October 1994, observations, strong-motion and correlative response analyses", Report No. ESEE 4/94, Engineering Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, London.
  8. Cao, V.V. and Ronagh, M.R. (2014), "Correlation between parameters of pulse-type motions and damage of low-rise RC frames", Earthq. Struct., 7(3), 365-384. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2014.7.3.365
  9. CEN (2005) European Standard EN 1998-1: 2005 Eurocode 8: Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance, Part 1: General Rules, Seismic Action and Rules for Buildings, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
  10. Collier, C. and Elnashai, A. (2001), "A procedure for combining vertical and horizontal seismic action effects", J. Earthq. Eng., 5(4), 521-539. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460109350404
  11. Di Sarno, L., Elnashai, A. and Manfredi, G. (2011), "Assessment of RC columns subjected to horizontal and vertical ground motions recorded during the 2009 L'Aquila (Italy) earthquake", Eng. Struct., 33(5), 1514-1535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.01.023
  12. Eleftheriadou, A.K. and Karabinis, A.I. (2012), "Seismic vulnerability assessment of buildings based on damage data after a NEAR FIELD earthquake (7 September 1999 Athens - Greece)", Earthq. Struct., 3(2), 117-140. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2012.3.2.117
  13. Elnashai, A. and Papazoglou, A. (1995), "Vertical earthquake ground motion-evidence, effects and simplified analysis procedures", Research Report ESEE-95/6, Imperial College, London.
  14. Elnashai, A., Papanikolaou, V. and Lee, D. (2006), ZEUS-NL User Manual Version 1.7, Mid-America Earthquake Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
  15. Elnashai, A.S. and Di Sarno, L. (2008), Fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering, Wiley and Sons, UK.
  16. Elnashai, A.S. and Papazoglou, A.J. (1997), "Procedure and spectra for analysis of RC structures subjected to strong vertical earthquake loads", J. Earthq. Eng., 1(1), 121-155. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469708962364
  17. Esfahanian, A. and Aghakouchak, A.A. (2015), "On the improvement of inelastic displacement demands for near-fault ground motions considering various faulting mechanisms", Earthq. Struct., 9(3), 673-698. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2015.9.3.673
  18. Eskandari, R., Vafaei, D., Vafaei, J. and Shemshadian, M.E. (2017), "Nonlinear static and dynamic behavior of reinforced concrete steel-braced frames", Earthq. Struct., 12(2), 191-200. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.12.2.191
  19. FEMA 356 (2000), Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, Washington, D.C.
  20. Ghaffarzadeh, H. and Nazeri, A. (2015), "The effect of the vertical excitation on horizontal response of structures", Earthq. Struct., 9(3), 625-637. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2015.9.3.625
  21. Kim, S.J. and Elnashai, A.S. (2008), "Seismic assessment of RC structures considering vertical ground motion", MAE Center Report, No. 08-03.
  22. Kim, S.J., Holub, C.J. and Elnashai, A.S. (2011), "Analytical assessment of the effect of vertical earthquake motion on RC bridge piers", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 137(2), 252-260. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000306
  23. Losanno, D., Hadad, A.H. and Serino, G. (2017), "Seismic behavior of isolated bridges with additional damping under far-FIELD and NEAR fault ground motion", Earthq. Struct., 13(2), 119-130. https://doi.org/10.12989/EAS.2017.13.2.119
  24. Maddaloni, G., Magliulo, G. and Cosenza, E. (2012), "Effect of the seismic input on non-linear response of R/C building structures", Adv. Struct. Eng., 15(10), 1861-1877.
  25. MAE Center (2017), MAECENTER, Retrieved from ZEUS-NL: http://mae.cee.illinois.edu/software/software_zeusnl.html
  26. Mayes, R. and Shaw, A. (1997), "The effect of near fault ground motion on bridge columns", Proceedings of the FHWA/NCEER Workshop on the National Representation of Seismic, Buffalo, N.Y.
  27. Mazza, F., Mazza, M. and Vulcano, A, (2017), "Nonlinear response of R.C. framed buildings retrofitted by different baseisolation systems under horizontal and vertical components of near-fault earthquakes", Earthq. Struct., 12(1), 135-144. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.12.1.135
  28. Mohammadi, M.H., Massumi, A. and Meshkat-Dini, A. (2017), "Performance of RC moment frames with fixed and hinged supports under near-fault ground motions", Earthq. Struct., 13(1), 89-101. https://doi.org/10.12989/EAS.2017.13.1.089
  29. Mohamrnadioun, B. and Pecker, A. (1984), "Low-frequency transfer of seismic energy by superficial soil deposits and soft rocks", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn, 12(4), 537-564. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290120409
  30. Papageorgiou, A. (1998), "The character of near source ground motion and related seismic design issues", Proceedings of the Structural Engineers Word Congress, San Francisco, CA.
  31. Rejec, K., Isakovic, T. and Fischinger, M. (2012), "Seismic shear force magnification in RC cantilever structural walls, designed according to Eurocode 8", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 10(2), 567-586. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-011-9294-y
  32. Rigato, A.B. and Medina, R.A. (2007), "Influence of angle of incidence on seismic demands for inelastic single story structures subjected to bi-directional ground motions", Eng. Struct., 29(10), 2593-2601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.01.008
  33. Somerville, P. (1997), "The characteristics and Quantification of near fault ground motions", FHWA/NCEER Workshop on the National Representation of Seismic, Buffalo, N.Y.
  34. Somerville, P. and Graves, R. (1993), "Conditions that give rise to unusually large long period ground motion", Struct. Des. Tall Build., 2(3), 211-232. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.4320020304
  35. Tajammolian, H., Khoshnoudian, F., Talaei, S. and Loghman, V. (2014), "The effects of peak ground velocity of NEAR-FIELD ground motions on the seismic responses of base-isolated structures mounted on friction bearings", Earthq. Struct., 7(6), 1259-1282. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2014.7.6.1259
  36. Zhai, C.H., Zheng, Z., Li, S., Pan, X. and Xie, L.L. (2016), "Seismic response of nonstructural components considering the near-fault pulse-like ground motions", Earthq. Struct., 10(5), 1213-1232. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.10.5.1213

Cited by

  1. A Study on the Effects of Vertical Mass Irregularity on Seismic Behavior of BRBFs and CBFs vol.10, pp.23, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238314
  2. Fragility-based performance evaluation of mid-rise reinforced concrete frames in near field and far field earthquakes vol.76, pp.6, 2020, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2020.76.6.751
  3. Seismic fragility analysis of RC frame-core wall buildings under the combined vertical and horizontal ground motions vol.20, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2021.20.2.175