Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology (한국환경복원기술학회지)

The Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology (한국환경복원기술학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on Pilot Scale Cyclonic-DAF Reactor for Cyanobacteria Removal

남조류 제거를 위한 선회식 가압부상장치 현장 적용에 관한 연구

  • Oh, Hong-Sok (Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University) ;
  • Kang, Seon-Hong (Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University) ;
  • Nam, Sook-Hyun (Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology) ;
  • Kim, Eu-Ju (Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology) ;
  • Koo, Jae-Wuk (Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology) ;
  • Hwang, Tae-Mun (Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology)
  • Received : 2018.08.02
  • Accepted : 2018.10.23
  • Published : 2018.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Cyclonic-dissolved air flotation(Cyclonic-DAF), an advanced form of pressure flotation, applies a structure that enables the forming of twirling flows. This in turn allows for suspended matter to adhere to microbubbles and float to the surface of a treatment tank during the process of intake water flowing through a float separation tank. This study conducted a lab-scale test and pursued geometrical modeling using computational fluid dynamics(CFD) to establish a pilot scale design. Based on the design parameters found through the above process, a pilot cyclonic-DAF system($10m^3/hr$) for removing algae was created. Upon developing the pilot-scale cyclonic-DAF system, a type of algae coagulant(R-119) was applied as the coagulant to the system for field testing through which the removal rates of chlorophyll-a and cyanobacteria were evaluated. The chlorophyll-a and harmful cyanobacteria of the raw water at region B, the field-test site, were found to be $177.9mg/m^3$ and 652,500cells/mL respectively. Treated waters applied with 60mg/L and 100mg/L of algae coagulant presented removal efficiencies of approximately 95% and 97%, respectively. The cyanobacteria cell number of the treated waters applied with 60mg/L and 100mg/L of algae coagulant both that were equal to or less than 1,000cells/mL and were below attention level criteria for the issuance of algae boundary.

Keywords

References

  1. Baeyens, J..Mochtar, I. Y..Liers, S. and DeWit, H. 1995. Plugflow dissolved air flotation, Water Env. Res., 67(7) : 1027-1035. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143095X133266
  2. Carmichael, W. 2001. Health effects of toxinproducing cyanobacteria: The Cyano HABs, Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess.: An Int. J. 7(5) : 1393-1407. https://doi.org/10.1080/20018091095087
  3. Davidson, L. 1997. An Introduction to Turbulence Models. Gothenburg: Dept. of Thermo and Fluid Dynamics, Chalmers University of Technology.
  4. Dawson, R. M. 1998. The toxicology of microcystins, Toxicon, 36(7) : 953-962. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0041-0101(97)00102-5
  5. De Figueiredo, D. R. et al. 2004. Microcystinproducing blooms-a serious global public health issue, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 59(2) : 151-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.04.006
  6. Eades, A. and Brignal, W. J. 1995. Counter-current dissolved air flotation/filtration, Wat. Sci. Tech., 31(3-4) : 173-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1223(95)00215-9
  7. Edzwald, J. K. 1995. Principles and applications of dissolved air flotation, Wat. Sci. Tech., 31(3-4) : 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1223(95)00200-7
  8. Edzwald, J. K. 1993. Algae, bubbles, coagulants, and dissolved air flotation. Water Sci. Technol., 27(10) : 67-81.
  9. Gorge, R. D. 1986. Contribution of chlorination to the mutagenic activity of drinking water extracts in Salmonella and Chinese hamster ovary Cells, Environ. Health Perspective, 69, 81-87.
  10. Han, M. Y. and Kim, W. 2001. A theoretical consideration of algae removal with clays, Microchemical Journal, 68 : 157-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0026-265X(00)00142-9
  11. Hague, J..Ta, C. T..Biggs, M. J. and Sattary, J. A. 2001. Small scale model for CFD validation in DAF application, Water Science and Technology, 43(8) : 167-173.
  12. Ikawa, M..Sasner, J. J. and Haney, J. F. 2001. Activity of cyanobacterial and algal odor compoundsfoundinlake waters on green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa growth, Hydrobiologia, 443(1-3) : 19-22. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017535801766
  13. Li, X..Xu, H..Liu, J..Zhang, J..Li, J. and Gui, Z. 2016. Cyclonic state micro-bubble flotation column in oil-in-water emulsion separation, Separation and Purification Technology, 165(13) : 101-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2016.01.021
  14. Lundh, M..Jonsson, L. and Dahlquist, J. 2000. Experimental studies of the fluid dynamics in the separation zone in dissolved air flotation, Wat. Res., 34(1) : 21-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00136-0
  15. Ministry of Environment Korea, 2017. Guidance on the use of algae removal materials for the installation, operation and distribution of algae removal facilities. (in Korean)
  16. Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Science, 2014. ICT and Future Planning, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport, Supply of safe water protecting from algae, 22-27. (in Korean with English summary)
  17. Ministry of Environment Korea, National Institute of Environmental Research, 2017. Manual for operating the algae warning system. (in Korean)
  18. Ministry of Environment Korea, 2015. Occurrence and corresponding of algae (green algae) annual report in 2015, 3.
  19. Mohamed, Z. A. and Shehri, A. M. 2007. Cyano- bacteria and their toxins in treated- water storage reservoirs in Abha city, Saudi Arabia, Toxicon, 50(1) : 75-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.02.021
  20. Moreno, I. . Repetto, G. . Carballal, E. . Gago, A. and Camea'n, A. M. 2005. Cyanobacteria and microcystins occurrence in the Guadiana River (SW Spain), Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 85(7) : 461-474. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067310500142325
  21. Nam, S. H..Koo, J. W..Kim, E. J..Park, J. R..Jeon, S. L..Park, J. H..Mun, B. C. and Hwang, T. M. 2016. Investigating applicability of natural material based coagulant to control algae bloom, KSWST Journal of Water Treatment, 24(6) : 103-113. (in Korean with English summary) https://doi.org/10.17640/KSWST.2016.24.6.103
  22. National Institute of Environmental Research, 2012. Occurrence and Management of the Green Tide caused by Cyanobacterial Bloom" Symposium of The Korean Society of Environmental Toxicology (2012.10), 75-77.
  23. Oh, H. S..Kang, S. H..Yang, S. C..Nam, S. H..Kim, E. J. and Hwang, T.M. 2018. Comparison of different type coagulants for the removal of harmful algae in pilot scale cyclonic- DAF system, KSWST Journal of Water Treatment, 26(4) : 69-80. (in Korean with English summary)
  24. Ometto, F..Pozza, C..Whitton, R..Smyth, B..Torres, A. G..Henderson, R. K.. Jarvis, P..Jefferson, B. and Villa R. 2014. The impacts of replacing air bubbles with microspheres for the clarification of algae from low cell-density culture, water research, 53 : 168-179.
  25. Rawat, I..Kumar, R. R..Mutanda, T. and Bux, F. 2013. Biodiesel from microalgae: a critical evaluation from laboratory to large scale production. Appl. Energy, 103 : 444-467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.10.004
  26. Wang, Y..Zhuo, S..Li N. and Yang, Y. 2011. Influences of various aluminum coagulants on algae floc structure, Strength and flotation effect, Procedia Environmental Sciences, 8 : 75-80.
  27. Weisburger, E. K. 1977. Carcinogenicity studies on halogenated hydrocarbons, Environ. Health Perspect, 21, 7-16. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.77217
  28. Yap, R. K .L..Whittaker, M..Diao, M. R., Stuetz, M..Jefferson, B..Bulmus, V.. Peirson, W. L. A..Nguyen, V. and Henderson, R. K. 2014. Investigating dissolved air flotation perfor- mance with cyanobacterial cells and fila- ments, Water Research, 61 : 253-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.05.032