Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of increasing levels of apparent metabolizable energy on laying hens in barn system

  • Kang, Hwan Ku (Poultry Research Institute, Rural Development Administration National Institute of Animal Science) ;
  • Park, Seong Bok (Poultry Research Institute, Rural Development Administration National Institute of Animal Science) ;
  • Jeon, Jin Joo (Poultry Research Institute, Rural Development Administration National Institute of Animal Science) ;
  • Kim, Hyun Soo (Poultry Research Institute, Rural Development Administration National Institute of Animal Science) ;
  • Park, Ki Tae (Poultry Research Institute, Rural Development Administration National Institute of Animal Science) ;
  • Kim, Sang Ho (Poultry Research Institute, Rural Development Administration National Institute of Animal Science) ;
  • Hong, Eui Chul (Poultry Research Institute, Rural Development Administration National Institute of Animal Science) ;
  • Kim, Chan Ho (Poultry Research Institute, Rural Development Administration National Institute of Animal Science)
  • Received : 2017.11.20
  • Accepted : 2018.03.30
  • Published : 2018.11.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: This experiment was to investigate the effect of increasing levels of apparent metabolizable energy ($AME_n$) on the laying performance, egg quality, blood parameters, blood biochemistry, intestinal morphology, and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and nutrients in diets fed to laying hens. Methods: A total of three-hundred twenty 33-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens (Gallus domesticus) were evenly assigned to four experimental diets of 2,750, 2,850, 2,950, and 3,050 kcal $AME_n/kg$ in pens with floors covered with deep litter of rice hulls. There were four replicates of each treatment, each consisting of 20 birds in a pen. Results: $AME_n$ intake was increased (linear, p<0.05) with inclusion level of $AME_n$ in diets increased. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio were improved (linear, p<0.01), but hen-day egg production tended to be increased with an increasing level of $AME_n$ in diets. During the experiment, leukocyte concentration and blood biochemistry (total cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, total protein, calcium, asparate aminotransferase, and alanine transferase were not influenced by increasing level of $AME_n$ in diets. Gross energy and ether extract were increased (linear, p<0.01) as the inclusion level of $AME_n$ in diets increased. Conclusion: Laying hens fed high $AME_n$ diet (i.e., 3,050 kcal/kg in the current experiment) tended to overconsume energy with a positive effect on feed intake, feed conversion ratio, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology but not on egg production and egg mass.

Keywords

References

  1. Grobas S, Mendez J, De Blas C, Mantoes GG. Influence of dietary energy, supplemental fat and linoleic acid concentration on performance of laying hens at two ages. Br Poult Sci 1999;40:681-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669987089
  2. Harms RH, Russell GB, Sloan DR. Performance of four strains of commercial layers with major changes in dietary energy. J Appl Poult Res 2000;9:535-41. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/9.4.535
  3. Wu G, Bryant MM, Voitle RA, Roland Sr. DA. Effect of dietary energy on performance and egg composition of Bovans white and Dekalb white hens during phase I. Poult Sci 2005;84:1610-5. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/84.10.1610
  4. Wu G, Bryant MM, Gunawardana P, Roland Sr DA. Effect of nutrient density on performance, egg components, egg soilds, egg quality, and profits in eight commercial leghorn strain during phase I. Poult Sci 2007;86:691-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/86.4.691
  5. Grobas S, Mendez J, De Blas C, Mantoes GG. Laying hen productivity as affected by energy, supplemental fat, and linoleic acid concentration of the diet. Poult Sci 1999;78:1542-51. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/78.11.1542
  6. Peguri A, Coon C. Effect of temperature and dietary energy on layer performance. Poult Sci 1991;70:126-38. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0700126
  7. Junqueira OM, de Laurentiz AC, da Silva Filardi R, Rodrigues EA, Casartelli, EM. Effects of energy and protein levels on egg quality and performance of laying hens at early second production cycle. J Appl Poult Res 2006;15:110-5. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/15.1.110
  8. Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, National Research Council. Nutrient requirements of poultry. 9th ed. Washington, DC, USA: National Academy Press; 1994.
  9. AOAC International. Official methods of analysis. 18th ed. Arlington, VA, USA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists; 2007.
  10. Hayat Z, Cherian G, Pasha TN, Khattak FM, Jabber MA. Effect of feeding flax and two types of antioxidants on egg production, egg quality, and lipid composition eggs. J Appl Poult Res 2009;18:541-51. https://doi.org/10.3382/japr.2009-00008
  11. Yannakopulos AL, Tserveni-Gousi AS. Quality characteristics of quail eggs. Br Poult Sci 1986;27:171-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668608416870
  12. Eisen EJ, Boheren BB, McKean HE. Haugh unit as a measure of egg albumen quality. Poult Sci 1962;41:1361-8.
  13. Adeola O. Digestion and balance techniques in pigs. In: Lewis AJ, Southern LL, editors. Swine nutrition. Washington, DC, USA: CRC Press; 2001. pp. 903-16.
  14. Swiatkiewicz S, Koreleski J. Effect of crude glycerine level in the diet of laying hens on egg performance and nutrient utilization. Poult Sci 2009;88:615-9 https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2008-00303
  15. Kim JH, Seo SW, Kim CH, et al. Effect of dietary supplementation of crude glycerol or tallow on intestinal transit time and utilization of energy and nutrients in diets fed to broiler chickens. Livest Sci 2013;154:165-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2013.03.005
  16. Giannenas I, Taslie E, Chronis E, et al. Consumption of Agaricus bispours mushroom affects the performance, intestinal microbiota compostion and morphology, and antioxidant status of turkey poults. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011;165:218-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.03.002
  17. SAS, SAS user's guide: Statistics, 9.2 ed. Cary, NC, USA: SAS Inst. Inc.; 2003.
  18. Hill FW, Anderson DL, Dansky LM. Studies of the energy requirements of chickens. 3. The effect of dietary energy level on the rate and gross efficiency of egg production. Poult Sci 1956;35:54-9. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0350054
  19. Bouvarel I, Nys Y, Panheleux M, Lescoat P. How hens feed influences egg quality. INRA Prod Anim 2010;23:167-82.
  20. Grobas S, Mendez J, Lazaro R, De Blas C, Mantoes GG. Influence of source and percentage of fat added to diet on performance and fatty acid composition of egg yolks of two strains of laying hens. Poult Sci 2001;80:1171-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/80.8.1171
  21. Masoudi A, Chagi M, Bojaropour M, Mirzadeh K. Effects of different levels of date pits on performance, carcass characteristics and blood parameters of broiler chickens. J Appl Anim Res 2011;39:399-405. https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2011.621790
  22. Johnson TS, Zuk M. Parasites, morphology, and blood characters in male red jungle fowl during development. Condor 1998;100:749-52. https://doi.org/10.2307/1369760
  23. Lucas AM, Jamroz C. Atlas of avian hematology. USDA Monograph 25. Washongton DC, USA: USDA; 1961.
  24. Mateos GG, Sell JL, Eastwood JA. Rate of food passage (transit time) as influenced by level of supplemental fat. Poult Sci 1982;61:94-100. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0610094
  25. Sharifi SD, Afzalzadeh A, Bitaraf F, Hashemi M. Effects of blending and inclusion level of soy oil and its acidulated soapstock on broiler performance. 2010;52:147-51.
  26. Schat K, Myers TJ. Avian intestinal immunity. Crit Rev Poult Biol 1991;3:19-34.
  27. Soltan MA. Influence of dietary glutamine supplementation on growth performance, small intestinal morphology, immune response and some blood parameters of broiler chickens. Int J Poult Sci 2009;8:60-8. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2009.60.68
  28. Gao J, Zhang HJ, Yu SH, et al. Effects of yeast culture in broiler diet on performance and immunomodulatory functions. Poult Sci 2008;87:1377-84. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2007-00418
  29. Nein S, Renema RA, Zuidhof MJ, Korver DR. Effect of metabolic efficiency and intestinal morphology on variability in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid enrichment of eggs. Poult Sci 2012;91:888-98. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2011-01661
  30. Fan YK, Croom J, Christensen VL, et al. Jejunal glucose uptake and oxygen consumption in turkey poults selected for rapid growth. Poult Sci 1997;76:1738-45. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/76.12.1738

Cited by

  1. 사료내 에너지 및 단백질 함량이 토종오리 생산성, 영양소 이용률 및 도체 특성에 미치는 영향 vol.46, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5536/kjps.2019.46.3.205
  2. Effects of Different Methionine Levels in Low Protein Diets on Production Performance, Reproductive System, Metabolism, and Gut Microbiota in Laying Hens vol.8, pp.None, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.739676