References
- Jansson S, Tisell LE, Hagne I, Sanner E, Stenborg R, Svensson P. Partial superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) lesions before and after thyroid surgery. World Journal of Surgery 1988;12:522-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01655439
- Bevan K, Griffiths MV, Morgan MH. Cricothyroid muscle paralysis: its recognition and diagnosis. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology 1989;103:191-5. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022215100108412
- Teitelbaum BJ, Wenig BL. Superior laryngeal nerve injury from thyroid surgery. Head & Neck 1995;17:36-40. https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.2880170108
- Randolph GW, Dralle H; International Intraoperative Monitoring Study Group, Abdullah H, Barczynski M, Bellantone R, Brauckhoff M, et al. Electrophysiologic recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring during thyroid and parathyroid surgery: international standards guideline statement. The Laryngoscope 2011;121 Suppl 1:S1-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.21119
- Cernea CR, Ferraz AR, Furlani J, Monteiro S, Nishio S, Hojaij FC, et al. Identification of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve during thyroidectomy. American Journal of Surgery 1992;164:634-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9610(05)80723-8
- Lore JM Jr, Kokocharov SI, Kaufman S, Richmond A, Sundquist N. Thirty-eight-year evaluation of a surgical technique to protect the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve during thyroidectomy. The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology 1998;107:1015-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/000348949810701204
- Bellantone R, Boscherini M, Lombardi CP, Bossola M, Rubino F, De Crea C, et al. Is the identification of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve mandatory in thyroid operation? Results of a prospective randomized study. Surgery 2001;130:1055-9. https://doi.org/10.1067/msy.2001.118375
- Cernea CR, Ferraz AR, Nishio S, Dutra A Jr, Hojaij FC, dos Santos LR. Surgical anatomy of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. Head & Neck 1992;14:380-3. https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.2880140507
- Jonas J, Bahr R. Neuromonitoring of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery. American Journal of Surgery 2000;179:234-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9610(00)00308-1
- Barczynski M, Konturek A, Stopa M, Honowska A, Nowak W. Randomized controlled trial of visualization versus neuromonitoring of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve during thyroidectomy. World Journal of Surgery 2012;36:1340-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-012-1547-7
- Masuoka H, Miyauchi A, Higashiyama T, Yabuta T, Fukushima M, Ito Y, et al. Prospective randomized study on injury of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve during thyroidectomy comparing intraoperative nerve monitoring and a conventional technique. Head & Neck 2015;37:1456-60. https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.23778
- Barczynski M, Randolph GW, Cernea CR, Dralle H, Dionigi G, Alesina PF, et al. External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve monitoring during thyroid and parathyroid surgery: International Neural Monitoring Study Group standards guideline statement. The Laryngoscope 2013;123 Suppl 4:S1-14.
- Moosman DA, DeWeese MS. The external laryngeal nerve as related to thyroidectomy. Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics 1968;127:1011-6.
- Wu BL, Sanders I, Mu L, Biller HF. The human communicating nerve. An extension of the external superior laryngeal nerve that innervates the vocal cord. Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery 1994;120:1321-8. https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1994.01880360019004
- Nasri S, Beizai P, Ye M, Sercarz JA, Kim YM, Berke GS. Cross-innervation of the thyroarytenoid muscle by a branch from the external division of the superior laryngeal nerve. The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology 1997;106:594-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/000348949710600712
- Sanudo JR, Maranillo E, Leon X, Mirapeix RM, Orus C, Quer M. An anatomical study of anastomoses between the laryngeal nerves. The Laryngoscope 1999;109:983-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005537-199906000-00026
- Friedman M, LoSavio P, Ibrahim H. Superior laryngeal nerve identification and preservation in thyroidectomy. Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery 2002;128:296-303. https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.128.3.296
- Hong KH, Ye M, Kim YM, Kevorkian KF, Kreiman J, Berke GS. Functional differences between the two bellies of the cricothyroid muscle. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery: Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 1998;118:714-22.
- Hong KH, Kim YK. Phonatory characteristics of patients undergoing thyroidectomy without laryngeal nerve injury. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery: Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 1997;117:399-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0194-5998(97)70133-5
- Dursun G, Sataloff RT, Spiegel JR, Mandel S, Heuer RJ, Rosen DC. Superior laryngeal nerve paresis and paralysis. Journal of Voice: Official Journal of the Voice Foundation 1996;10:206-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(96)80048-8
- Roy N, Smith ME, Dromey C, Redd J, Neff S, Grennan D. Exploring the phonatory effects of external superior laryngeal nerve paralysis: an in vivo model. The Laryngoscope 2009;119:816-26. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.20143
- Sinagra DL, Montesinos MR, Tacchi VA, Moreno JC, Falco JE, Mezzadri NA, et al. Voice changes after thyroidectomy without recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 2004;199:556-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2004.06.020
- Dionigi G, Boni L, Rovera F, Bacuzzi A, Dionigi R. Neuromonitoring and video-assisted thyroidectomy: a prospective, randomized case-control evaluation. Surgical Endoscopy 2009;23:996-1003. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-008-0098-3
- Lifante JC, McGill J, Murry T, Aviv JE, Inabnet WB 3rd. A prospective, randomized trial of nerve monitoring of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve during thyroidectomy under local/regional anesthesia and IV sedation. Surgery 2009;146:1167-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2009.09.023
- Inabnet WB, Murry T, Dhiman S, Aviv J, Lifante JC. Neuromonitoring of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve during minimally invasive thyroid surgery under local anesthesia: a prospective study of 10 patients. The Laryngoscope 2009;119:597-601. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.20071
- Sung ES, Lee JC, Shin SC, Choi SW, Jung DW, Lee BJ. Development of a Novel Detachable Magnetic Nerve Stimulator for Intraoperative Neuromonitoring. World Journal of Surgery 2018;42:137-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-017-4159-4
- Sung ES, Lee JC, Kim SH, Shin SC, Jung DW, Lee BJ. Development of an Attachable Endoscopic Nerve Stimulator for Intraoperative Neuromonitoring during Endoscopic or Robotic Thyroidectomy. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery: Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2018;158:465-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599817742841
- Shin SC, Sung ES, Choi SW, Kim SD, Jung DW, Kim SH, et al. Feasibility and safety of nerve stimulator attachment to energy-based devices: a porcine model study. Int J Surg 2017;48:155-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.10.071
- Selvan B, Babu S, Paul MJ, Abraham D, Samuel P, Nair A. Mapping the compound muscle action potentials of cricothyroid muscle using electromyography in thyroid operations: a novel method to clinically type the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. Annals of Surgery 2009;250:293-300. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181b17342
- Maranillo E, Leon X, Quer M, Orus C, Sanudo JR. Is the external laryngeal nerve an exclusively motor nerve? The cricothyroid connection branch. The Laryngoscope 2003;113:525-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005537-200303000-00024
- Morton RP, Whitfield P, Al-Ali S. Anatomical and surgical considerations of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve: a systematic review. Clinical Otolaryngology: Official Journal of ENT-UK; Official Journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery 2006;31:368-74. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-4486.2006.01266.x
- Kark AE, Kissin MW, Auerbach R, Meikle M. Voice changes after thyroidectomy: role of the external laryngeal nerve. British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed) 1984;289:1412-5. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.289.6456.1412
- Aluffi P, Policarpo M, Cherovac C, Olina M, Dosdegani R, Pia F. Post-thyroidectomy superior laryngeal nerve injury. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology: official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS): affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2001;258:451-4.