Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience

Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology (대한정신약물학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Modality-Specific Working Memory Systems Verified by Clinical Working Memory Tests

  • Park, Eun-Hee (Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University College of Medicine) ;
  • Jon, Duk-In (Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University College of Medicine)
  • Received : 2017.07.04
  • Accepted : 2017.09.10
  • Published : 2018.11.30
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: This study was to identify whether working memory (WM) can be clearly subdivided according to auditory and visual modality. To do this, we administered the most recent and universal clinical WM measures in a mixed psychiatric sample. Methods: A total of 115 patients were diagnosed on the basis of DSM-IV diagnostic criteria and with MINI-Plus 5.0, a structured diagnostic interview. WM subtests of Korean version of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV and Korean version of Wechsler Memory Scale-IV were administered to assess WM. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to observe whether WM measures fit better to a one-factor or two-factor model. Results: CFA results demonstrated that a two factor model fits the data better than one-factor model as expected. Conclusion: Our study supports a modality model of WM, or the existence of modality-specific WM systems, and thus poses a clinical significance of assessing both auditory and visual WM tests.

Keywords

References

  1. Baddeley AD. Is working memory still working? Am Psychol 2001;56:851-864. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.11.851
  2. Collette F, Van der Linden M, Salmon E. Executive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Cortex 1999;35:57-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70785-8
  3. Fleming K, Goldberg TE, Gold JM, Weinberger DR. Verbal working memory dysfunction in schizophrenia: use of a Brown-Peterson paradigm. Psychiatry Res 1995;56:155-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(95)02589-3
  4. Goldman-Rakic PS. Working memory dysfunction in schizophrenia. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1994;6:348-357. https://doi.org/10.1176/jnp.6.4.348
  5. Pasini A, Paloscia C, Alessandrelli R, Porfirio MC, Curatolo P. Attention and executive functions profile in drug naive ADHD subtypes. Brain Dev 2007;29:400-408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.braindev.2006.11.010
  6. Baddeley AD, Hitch G. Working memory. Psychol Learn Motiv 1974;8:47-89.
  7. Baddeley A. Oxford psychology series, No. 11. Working memory. New York:Clarendon Press/Oxford University Press;1986.
  8. Baddeley A. The episodic buffer: a new component of working memory? Trends Cogn Sci 2000;4:417-423. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01538-2
  9. Wechsler D. Wechsler adult intelligence scale-fourth edition (WAIS-IV). San Antonio, TX:Pearson;2008.
  10. Wechsler D. Wechsler memory scale-fourth edition (WMS-IV). San Antonio, TX:Pearson;2009.
  11. Weiss LG, Saklofske DH, Coalson D, Raiford SE. WAIS-IV clinical use and interpretation: Scientist-practitioner perspectives. London:Academic Press;2010.
  12. Association Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: fourth edition (DSM-IV). Washington, D.C.:American Psychiatric Association;1994.
  13. Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, Amorim P, Janavs J, Weiller E, et al. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J Clin Psychiatry 1998;59 Suppl 20:22-33.
  14. Yoo SW, Kim YS, Noh JS, Oh KS, Kim CH, NamKoong K, et al. Validity of Korean version of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Anxiety Mood 2006;2:50-55.
  15. Hwang ST, Kim JH, Park KB, Chey JY, Hong SH. Korean-Wechsler adult intelligence scale IV (K-WAIS-IV). Daegu:Korea Psychology Co.;2012.
  16. Chey JY, Kim JH, Park KB, Hwang ST, Hong SH. Korean-Wechsler memory scale-IV (K-WMS-IV). Daegu: Korea Psychology Co.; 2011.
  17. Dempster AP, Laird NM, Rubin DB. Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm. J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol 1977;39:1-38.
  18. Hu L, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Modeling 1999;6:1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  19. Kline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. 4th ed. New York:Guilford Press;2015.
  20. Egeland J. Measuring working memory with digit span and the letter-number sequencing subtests from the WAIS-IV: too low manipulation load and risk for underestimating modality effects. Appl Neuropsychol Adult 2015;22:445-451. https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2014.992069
  21. Fougnie D, Marois R. Working memory capacity is modality-specific: Evidence of separate stores for auditory and visuospatial stimuli. J Vis 2008;8:1169.
  22. Kessels RP, van den Berg E, Ruis C, Brands AM. The backward span of the Corsi Block-Tapping Task and its association with the WAIS-III Digit Span. Assessment 2008;15:426-434. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191108315611
  23. Martinussen R, Hayden J, Hogg-Johnson S, Tannock R. A meta-analysis of working memory impairments in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2005;44:377-384. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000153228.72591.73
  24. Gooch D, Snowling M, Hulme C. Time perception, phonological skills and executive function in children with dyslexia and/or ADHD symptoms. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2011;52:195-203. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02312.x
  25. Holdnack JA, Zhou X, Larrabee GJ, Millis SR, Salthouse TA. Confirmatory factor analysis of the WAIS-IV/WMS-IV. Assessment 2011;18:178-191. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191110393106
  26. Wechsler D. Wechsler intelligence scale for children-Fifth edition (WISC-V): Technical and interpretive manual. Bloomington, MN:Pearson Clinical Assessment;2014.
  27. Stearns CL, Dunham M, McIntosh D, Dean RS. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and working memory in clinically referred adults. Int J Neurosci 2004;114:273-287. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207450490269499
  28. Shelton JT, Elliott EM, Hill BD, Calamia MR, Gouvier WD. A comparison of laboratory and clinical working memory tests and their prediction of fluid intelligence. Intelligence 2009;37:283-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2008.11.005