DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

잣뽕나무버섯과 곤봉뽕나무버섯의 생태학적 및 생리학적 특성

Ecological and Physiological Characteristics of Armillaria solidipes and A. gallica in Korea

  • Kim, Jin-Gun (Department of Forestry, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Hwa-Yong (Department of Forestry, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Park, Yong-Woo (Department of Forestry, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Hee-Su (Department of Forestry, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Koo, Chang-Duck (Department of Forestry, Chungbuk National University)
  • 투고 : 2018.06.25
  • 심사 : 2018.08.30
  • 발행 : 2018.09.01

초록

본 연구는 국내에 자생하는 형태적으로 식별이 어려운 잣뽕나무버섯(Armillaria solidipes)과 곤봉뽕나무버섯(Armillaria gallica)의 형태적 특성, 자실체 발생지의 환경특성, 목재분해효소를 알아보았다. 잣뽕나무버섯은 해발고도 107~1,396 m에서 소나무, 졸참나무, 밤나무 등 8종에서 발생하였고, 곤봉뽕나무버섯은 해발고도 119~556m에서 소나무, 물푸레나무 등 3종에서 발생하여 잣뽕나무버섯이 곤봉뽕나무버섯보다 분포와 기주의 범위가 넓었다. 형태는 잣뽕나무버섯의 자실체는 주름살이 빽빽하고 대에 갈색~검은색 털이 있으나, 곤봉뽕나무버섯은 대에 황색 털이 있고, 기부모양이 곤봉형이었다. 목재분해효소 cellulase의 활성은 두 종간의 차이가 없었으나 laccase의 활성은 잣뽕나무버섯($12.94{\pm}0.4U/mL$)이 곤봉뽕나무버섯($9.14{\pm}0.3U/mL$)보다 높았다. 따라서, 잣뽕나무버섯은 주름살이 빽빽하고 대에 갈색~검은색 털이 있으며, 곤봉뽕나무버섯과 구분하여 다양한 고도에서 넓은 기주범위를 보이고, 수목을 분해할 수 있는 능력이 크기 때문에 다양한 환경에 적응한 것으로 생각된다.

Armillaria is a white-rot fungus that decomposes organics; it is also a root pathogen that kills trees. Recently, since the forest tending practice, the incidence of Armillaria infections on tree stumps has been increasing. Herein, we have examined the morphological features of Armillaria solidipes and A. gallica collected from 10 areas in Korea, and investigated the activities of the decomposing enzymes cellulase and laccase of these two Armillaria species. A. solidipes was found in eight host tree species including Pinus densiflora, Quercus serrata, and Castanea crenata at the altitude of 107~1,396 m, while A. gallica was found in three host species including P. densiflora and Fraxinus rhynchophylla at the altitude of 119~556 m. The fruiting bodies of A. solidipes are close with lamellae, and have brown to black hairs on the stipe, while those of A. gallica are distant with lamellae and clavate-shaped, and have yellow hairs on the base. The activites of cellulase of the two species were not different, but the activity of A. solidipes laccase was higher ($12.94{\pm}0.4U/mL$) than that of A. gallica laccase ($9.14{\pm}0.3U/mL$).

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Koo CD, Kim JG, Lee HY, Park YW, Lee HS. Significance of Armillaria species in taxonomy, forest ecology and plant pathology. Kor J Mycol 2017;45:1-13.
  2. Termorshuizen AJ. Ecology and epidemiology of Armillaria. In: Fox RT, editor. Armillaria root rot: biology and conrol of honey fungus. Andover: Intercept; 2000. p. 45-63.
  3. Volk TJ, Burdsall HH Jr. A nomenclatural study of Armillaria and Armillariella species. Oslo: Fungiflora; 1995.
  4. Seok SJ,Lim YW, Kim CM, Ka KH, Lee JS, Han SK, Kim SO, Hur JS, Hyun IH, Hong SG, et al. List of mushrooms in Korea. Seoul: The Korean Society of Mycology; 2013.
  5. Koch RA, Wilson AW, Sene O, Henkel TW, Aime MC. Resolved phylogeny and biogeography of the root pathogen Armillaria and its gasteroid relative, Guyanagaster. BMC Evol Biol 2017;17:33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-0877-3
  6. Yoo YB. Mushroom science. Seoul: Kyohaksa; 2015.
  7. Strapac I, Baranova M, Smrcova M, Bedlovicova Z. Antioxidant activity of honey mushrooms (Armillaria mellea). Folia Vet 2016;60:37-41. https://doi.org/10.1515/fv-2016-0036
  8. Korea Society of Forest Policy. A study on the statue and improvement of forest management for the professional forestry person. Daejeon: Korea Forest Service; 2016.
  9. Sung JM, Yang KJ, Lee HK, Harrigton TC. Studies on Korean species of Armillaria. Korean J Plant Pathol 1994;10:261-9.
  10. Burdsall HH Jr, Volk TJ. Armillaria solidipes , an older name for the fungus called Armillaria ostoyae. N Am Fungi 2008;3:261-7.
  11. Yoo YB, Oh JA, Oh YL, Moon J, Shin PG, Jang KY, Kong WS. Investigation on ecological habitats in Armillaria gallica mushrooms. J Mushroom Sci Prod 2013;11:36-40. https://doi.org/10.14480/JM.2013.11.1.036
  12. Shaw CG Jr, Kile GA. Armillaria root disease: agricultural handbook no. 691. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service; 1991.
  13. Ghose T. Measurement of cellulase activities. Pure Appl Chem 2009;59:257-68.
  14. Haileka VL. Screening, isolation and characterization of laccase enzymes from Namibian Termitomyces Schimperi and Kalaharituber Pfeilii [dissertation]. Windhoek: University of Namibia; 2015.
  15. Ji K. Development of Armillaria root rot in Korean pine forests and mycological characterisics of Armillaria ostoyae [dissertation]. Cheongju: Chungbuk National University; 2012.
  16. Bendel M, Kienast F, Rigling D. Genetic population structure of three Armillaria species at the landscape scale: a case study from Swiss Pinus mugo forests. Mycol Res 2006;110:705-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycres.2006.02.002
  17. Keca N, Solheim H. Hosts and distribution of Armillaria species in Serbia. In: Proceedings from the SNS meeting in Forest Pathology; 2005 Aug 28-31; Biri, Norway: Skogbrukets Kursinstitutt; 2006. p. 28-31.
  18. Guillaumin JJ, Mohammed C, Anselmi N, Courtecuisse R, Gregory SC, Holdenrieder O, Intini M, Lung B, Marxmuller H, Morrison D. Geographical distribution and ecology of the Armillaria species in Western Europe. Eur J Forest Pathol 1993;23:321-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.1993.tb00814.x
  19. Tomsovsky M, Antonin V, Sedlak P, Jankovsky L. Species delimitation of Armillaria cepistipes and A. gallica in Central Europe. In: XIII Conference Root and Butt Rot of Forest Trees IUFRO working party 7.02.01; 2011 Sep 4-10; Firenze, Italy; Firenze University Press; 2013. p. 71-3.
  20. Redfern D. Growth and behaviour of Armillaria mellea rhizomorphs in soil. Trans Br Mycol Soc 1973;61:569-81, IN16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(73)80126-3
  21. Morrison DJ. Vertical distribution of Armillaria mellea rhizomorphs in soil. Trans Br Mycol Soc 1976;66:393-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(76)80207-0
  22. Uhm YG. Anatomical characteristics of bark. Korea Wood Newspaper. 2013 Aug 6.
  23. Yafetto L. Biomechanics of rhizomorph development in Armillaria mellea [dissertation]. Oxford, OH: Miami University; 2008.
  24. Bisaria VS, Ghose TK. Biodegradation of cellulosic materials: substrates, microorganisms, enzymes and products. Enzyme Microb Technol 1981;3:90-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0229(81)90066-1
  25. Canevascini G, Coudray MR, Rey JP, Southgate RJ, Meier H. Induction and catabolite repression of cellulase synthesis in the thermophilic fungus Sporotrichum thermophile. J Gen Microbiol 1979;110:291-303. https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-110-2-291
  26. Deacon JW. Fungal biology. 4th ed. Oxford: Blackwell; 2006.
  27. Kawai S, Okoshi H, Ozaki K, Shikata S, Ara K, Ito S. Neutrophilic bacillus strain, KSM-522, that produces an alkaline carboxymethyl cellulase. Agric Biol Chem 1988;52:1425-31.
  28. Baumgartner K, Coetzee MP, Hoffmeister D. Secrets of the subterranean pathosystem of Armillaria. Mol Plant Pathol 2011;12:515-34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2010.00693.x
  29. Smith-White JL, Summerell BA. Armillaria root rot. Microbiol Aust 2003;24:31-2.
  30. Knogge W. Fungal infection of plants. Plant Cell 1996;8:1711-22. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.8.10.1711
  31. Worrall JJ, Chet I, Huttermann A. Association of rhizomorph formation with laccase activity in Armillaria spp. J Gen Microbiol 1986;132:2527-33.
  32. Leatham GF, Stahmann MA. Studies on the laccase of Lentinus edodes: specificity, localization and association with the development of fruiting bodies. J Gen Microbiol 1981;125:147-57.
  33. Nun NB, Tal Lev A, Harel E, Mayer AM. Repression of laccase formation in Botrytis cinerea and its possible relation to phytopathogenicity. Phytochemistry 1988;27:2505-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)87018-3
  34. Mayer AM, Staples RC. Laccase: new functions for an old enzyme. Phytochemistry 2002;60:551-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00171-1
  35. Williamson PR. Laccase and melanin in the pathogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans. Front Biosci 1997;2:e99-107. https://doi.org/10.2741/A231
  36. Cotter T. Organic mushroom farming and mycoremediation: simple to advanced and experimental techniques for indoor and outdoor cultivation. White River Junction: Chelsea Green Publishing; 2015.
  37. Couteaux M, Bottner P, Berg B. Litter decomposition, climate and liter quality. Trends Ecol Evol 1995;10:63-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(00)88978-8
  38. Gartner TB, Cardon ZG. Decomposition dynamics in mixed-species leaf litter. Oikos 2004;104:230-46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.12738.x
  39. Aber JD, Melillo JM. Terrestrial ecosystems. Philadelphia: Saunders College Publishing; 1991.
  40. Schlesinger WH. Biogeochemistry: an analysis of global change. 2nd ed. San Diego: Academic Press; 1997.