Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition

The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (대한소아소화기영양학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Challenges and Supports of Breastfeeding at Workplace in Indonesia

  • Basrowi, Ray Wagiu (Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia) ;
  • Sastroasmoro, Sudigdo (Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia) ;
  • Sulistomo, Astrid W. (Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia) ;
  • Bardosono, Saptawati (Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia) ;
  • Hendarto, Aryono (Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia) ;
  • Soemarko, Dewi S. (Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia) ;
  • Sungkar, Ali (Department of Obstetric Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia) ;
  • Khoe, Levina Chandra (Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia) ;
  • Vandenplas, Yvan (KidZ Health Castle, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel)
  • Received : 2018.05.27
  • Accepted : 2018.07.09
  • Published : 2018.10.15
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Due to increased number of women workers in Indonesia in the last decade, numbers of women living as a worker and a housewife have increased. This also increases the potential risk of breastfeeding discontinuation. Three months of maternal leave policy and inadequate lactation promotion support in workplace have been identified as factors that hinder lactating practices. The World Health Organization recommendation of 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding and joined regulation of three Indonesia ministers (Ministry of Health, Ministry of Labour, and Ministry of Women Empower) have failed to improve the exclusive breastfeeding rate among female workers in Indonesia due to the lack of a standardized guideline on lactation promotion at workplace. In addition, very limited or no studies have been conducted to evaluate the impact of workplace-based lactation intervention programs on exclusive breastfeeding rate among female workers. This is because the relationship of lactation with working performance and productivity could not motivate employer to invest in workplace-based lactation promotion facility or program.

Keywords

References

  1. Badan Pusat Statistik. Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia 2012. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 2012.
  2. Triaryati N. Pengaruh adaptasi kebijakan mengenai work family issue terhadap absen dan turnover. Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan 2003;5:85-96.
  3. Fifi Oktariyanti. Manajemen Konflik Pada Perempuan Dengan Peran Ganda (Studi Pada Ibu Bekerja di Kota Malang) [thesis]. Jakarta: Universitas Brawijaya; 2012.
  4. Basrowi RW, Sulistomo AB, Adi NP, Vandenplas Y. Benefits of a dedicated breastfeeding facility and support program for exclusive breastfeeding among workers in Indonesia. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2015;18:94-9. https://doi.org/10.5223/pghn.2015.18.2.94
  5. World Health Organization. Exclusive breastfeeding for optimal growth, development and health of infants [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization [cited 2016 Jan 9]. Available from: http://www.who.int/elena/titles/exclusive_breastfeeding/en/.
  6. Riordan J. Breastfeeding and human lactation. 3rd ed. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2005.
  7. United Nations. Improving child nutrition: The achievable imperative for global progress. New York: United Nations, 2013.
  8. World Health Organization. Global strategy for infant and young children feeding. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2003.
  9. Butte NF, Garza C, Lopez-Alarcon MG. Nutrient adequacy of exclusive breastfeeding for the term infant during the first six months of life. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2002.
  10. Duffy LC, Faden H, Wasielewski R, Wolf J, Krystofik D. Exclusive breastfeeding protects against bacterial colonization and day care exposure to otitis media. Pediatrics 1997;100:E7.
  11. Sassen ML, Brand R, Grote JJ. Breast-feeding and acute otitis media. Am J Otolaryngol 1994;15:351-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0196-0709(94)90134-1
  12. Morrow AL, Ruiz-Palacios GM, Jiang X, Newburg DS. Human-milk glycans that inhibit pathogen binding protect breast-feeding infants against infectious diarrhea. J Nutr 2005;135:1304-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/135.5.1304
  13. Feachem RG, Koblinsky MA. Interventions for the control of diarrhoeal diseases among young children: promotion of breast-feeding. Bull World Health Organ 1984;62:271-91.
  14. Bachrach VR, Schwarz E, Bachrach LR. Breastfeeding and the risk of hospitalization for respiratory disease in infancy: a meta-analysis. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003;157:237-43. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.157.3.237
  15. Gdalevich M, Mimouni D, David M, Mimouni M. Breast-feeding and the onset of atopic dermatitis in childhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;45: 520-7. https://doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2001.114741
  16. Gdalevich M, Mimouni D, Mimouni M. Breast-feeding and the risk of bronchial asthma in childhood: a systematic review with meta-analysis of prospective studies. J Pediatr 2001;139:261-6. https://doi.org/10.1067/mpd.2001.117006
  17. Arenz S, Rückerl R, Koletzko B, von Kries R. Breast-feeding and childhood obesity--a systematic review. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004; 28:1247-56. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802758
  18. Owen CG, Whincup PH, Odoki K, Gilg JA, Cook DG. Infant feeding and blood cholesterol: a study in adoles- cents and a systematic review. Pediatrics 2002;110: 597-608. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.110.3.597
  19. ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition, Agostoni C, Braegger C, Decsi T, Kolacek S, Koletzko B, et al. Breast-feeding: A commentary by the ESPGHAN com- mittee on nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2009; 49:112-25. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0b013e31819f1e05
  20. Slusser W, Lange L. Breastfeeding programs and support systems in Los Angeles County: a needs assessment [Internet]. Los Angeles: UCLA Center for Healthier Children, Family and Communities; 2013 [cited 2016 Jan 9]. Available from: http://public health.lacounty.gov/mch/reports/Prop10breast feeding.pdf.
  21. Kramer MS, Chalmers B, Hodnett ED, Sevkovskaya Z, Dzikovich I, Shapiro S, et al. Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT): a randomized trial in the Republic of Belarus. JAMA 2001;285:413-20. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.4.413
  22. Martin RM, Gunnell D, Smith GD. Breastfeeding in infancy and blood pressure in later life: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol 2005;161:15-26. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwh338
  23. Owen CG, Whincup PH, Gilg JA, Cook DG. Effect of breast feeding in infancy on blood pressure in later life: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 200;327: 1189-95.
  24. Norris JM, Scott FN. A meta-analysis of infant diet and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: do biases play a role? Epidemiology 1996;7:87-92. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199601000-00015
  25. Fraser AB, Grimes DA. Effect of lactation on maternal body weight: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2003;58:265-9.
  26. Lopez-Olmedo N, Hernandez-Cordero S, Neufeld LM, Garcia-Guerra A, Mejía-Rodriguez F, Mendez Gomez-Humaran I. The associations of maternal weight change with breastfeeding, diet and physical activity during the postpartum period. Matern Child Health J 2016;20:270-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-015-1826-7
  27. Smith DE, Lewis CE, Caveny JL, Perkins LL, Burke GL, Bild DE. Longitudinal changes in adiposity associated with pregnancy. The CARDIA Study. Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. JAMA 1994;271:1747-51. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1994.03510460039030
  28. Janney CA, Zhang D, Sowers M. Lactation and weight retention. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66:1116-24. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/66.5.1116
  29. Kelly KM, Chopra I, Dolly B. Breastfeeding: an unknown factor to reduce heart disease risk among breast-feeding women. Breastfeed Med 2015;10:442-7. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2015.0082
  30. Chojenta CL, Lucke JC, Forder PM, Loxton DJ. Maternal health factors as risks for postnatal depression: a prospective longitudinal study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147246. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147246
  31. Cooper PJ, Murray L, Stein A. Psychosocial factors associated with the early termination of breast-feeding. J Psychosom Res 1993;37:171-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(93)90084-S
  32. Henderson JJ, Evans SF, Straton JA, Priest SR, Hagan R. Impact of postnatal depression on breastfeeding duration. Birth 2003;30:175-80. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-536X.2003.00242.x
  33. Ramos R, Kennedy KI, Visness CM. Effectiveness of lac- tational amenorrhoea in prevention of pregnancy in Manila, the Philippines: non-comparative prospective trail. BMJ 1996;313:909-12. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.313.7062.909
  34. Bonia K, Twells L, Halfyard B, Ludlow V, Newhook LA, Murphy-Goodridge J. A qualitative study exploring factors associated with mothers' decisions to formula-feed their infants in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. BMC Public Health 2013;13:645. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-645
  35. Chen YC, Wu YC, Chie WC. Effects of work-related factors on the breastfeeding behavior of working mothers in a Taiwanese semiconductor manufacturer: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health 2006;6:160. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-6-160
  36. Abdullah GI, Ayubi D. Determinan perilaku pemberian air susu eksklusif pada ibu pekerja. J Kesmas 2013; 7:298-303.
  37. Wulandari E. Pengaruh pendidikan laktasi di tempat kerja terhadap self efficacy pemberian ASI eksklusif pada pekerja wanita usia subur: Studi kasus di Chevron IndoAsia Business unit Jakarta tahun 2010 [thesis]. Depok: Universitas Indonesia; 2010.
  38. Rejeki S. Pengalaman menyusui ibu bekerja di daerah Kendal Jawa Tengah [thesis]. Depok: Universitas Indonesia; 2004.
  39. Panduan relaktasi. Asosiasi Ibu Menyusui Indonesia [Internet]. [cited 2016 Apr 1]. Available from: https://ai- mi-asi.org/layanan/lihat/panduan-relaktasi.
  40. Tsai SY. Influence of partner support on an employed mother's intention to breastfeed after returning to work. Breastfeed Med 2014;9:222-30. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2013.0127
  41. Susiloretni KA, Hadi H, Prabandari YS, Soenarto YS, Wilopo SA. What works to improve duration of exclusive breastfeeding: lessons from the exclusive breastfeeding promotion program in rural Indonesia. Matern Child Health J 2015;19:1515-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-014-1656-z
  42. Stewart-Glenn J. Knowledge, perceptions, and atti- tudes of managers, coworkers, and employed breast-feeding mothers. AAOHN J 2008;56:423-9; quiz 430-1. https://doi.org/10.3928/08910162-20081001-02
  43. Peraturan Bersama Peningkatan Pemberian Air Susu Ibu Di Tempat Kerja No. 48/MEN.PP/XII/2008, PER. 27/MEN/XII/2008 dan 1177/MENKES/PB/XII/2008. Available from: http://gizi.depkes.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/SKB-3-Menteri-tetanng-menyusuidi-wkatu-kerja.pdf.
  44. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 33 Tahun 2012 tentang Pemberian Air Susu Ibu Eksklusif. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2012. Available from: http://peraturan.go.id/pp/nom-or-33-tahun-2012-11e44c4efb7dccb080e3313231383 033.html.
  45. Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 15 Tahun 2013 tentang Tata Cara Penyediaan Fasilitas Khusus Menyusui dan/atau Memerah Air Susu Ibu. Jakarta. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2013. 1. Available from: http://peraturan.go.id/pp/nomor-15-tahun-2013-11e44c4ea367c9b0a058313231353336.html.
  46. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 Tentang Ketenagakerjaan. Jakarta, Sekertaris Negara Republik Indonesia, 2003. Available from: http://peraturan.go.id/inc/view/11e44c4e979b02208cc3313231353136.html.
  47. Harianto R. Buku ajar kesehatan kerja. Jakarta: EGC, 2012.
  48. Kurniawidjaja LM. Teori dan aplikasi kesehatan kerja. Jakarta: UI Press, 2010.
  49. Abdulwadud OA, Snow ME. Interventions in the work- place to support breastfeeding for women in employment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;10:CD006177.
  50. Galtry J. Lactation and the labor market: breastfeed- ing, labor market changes, and public policy in the United States. Health Care Women Int 1997;18:467-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399339709516301
  51. Cohen R, Mrtek MB, Mrtek RG. Comparison of maternal absenteeism and infant illness rates among breast-feeding and formula-feeding women in two corporations. Am J Health Promot 1995;10:148-53. https://doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-10.2.148
  52. Health Service Executive. Breastfeeding and work [Internet]. Ireland: Health Service Executive; 2008. [cited 2016 Jan 9]. Available from: https://www. healthpromotion.ie/hp-files/docs/HPM00365.pdf.
  53. Bar-Yam NB. Workplace lactation support, Part I: A return-to-work breastfeeding assessment tool. J Hum Lact 1998;14:249-54. https://doi.org/10.1177/089033449801400319
  54. Johnson AM, Kirk R, Muzik M. Overcoming workplace barriers: A focus group study exploring African American mothers' needs for workplace breastfeeding support. J Hum Lact 2015;31:425-33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334415573001
  55. Friedman MM, Savarsdottier EK, McCubbin M. Family stress and coping process: Family adaptation. In: Friedman MM, ed. Family nursing: research, theory, and practice. 4th ed. New York: Appleton & Lange, 1998.
  56. Heymann J, Raub A, Earle A. Breastfeeding policy: a globally comparative analysis. Bull World Health Organ 2013;91:398-406. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.12.109363
  57. Tsai SY. Employee perception of breastfeeding-friendly support and benefits of breastfeeding as a predictor of intention to use breast-pumping breaks after returning to work among employed mothers. Breastfeed Med 2014;9:16-23. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2013.0082
  58. Department of Health. Breastfeeding Policy of the Department of Health [Internet]. Hong Kong: Department of Health; 2017 [cited 2016 Jan 10] Available from: http://www.fhs.gov.hk/english/breastfeeding/files/bfpolicy.pdf.
  59. Cattaneo A, Yngve A, Koletzko B, Guzman LR; Promotion of Breastfeeding in Europe project. Protection, promotion and support of breast-feeding in Europe: current situation. Public Health Nutr 2005;8:39-46. https://doi.org/10.1079/PHN2005660
  60. Geneva Infant Feeding Association (IBFAN-GIFA). Report on the situation of infant and young child feeding in Sweden. Session 68. Geneva: The Committee on the Rights of the Child, 2015.
  61. Ræstad EW. Promotion, protection and support of breastfeeding in Norway [thesis]. Praha: Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University; 2009/2010.
  62. Laanterä S, Polkki T, Ekström A, Pietilä AM. Breast-feeding attitudes of Finnish parents during pregnancy. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2010;10:79. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-10-79

Cited by

  1. Breastfeeding Promotion and Support Policies in Brazil vol.22, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5223/pghn.2019.22.4.413
  2. Breastfeeding Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice among White-Collar and Blue-Collar Workers in Indonesia vol.34, pp.45, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e284
  3. Work-Related Factors Affecting Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Employed Women in Ethiopia: Managers’ Perspective Using a Qualitative Approach vol.12, pp.None, 2018, https://doi.org/10.2147/ijwh.s248473
  4. Exclusive breastfeeding cessation and associated factors among employed mothers in Dukem town, Central Ethiopia vol.15, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-019-0250-9
  5. Breastfeeding and breastmilk substitute use and feeding motivations among mothers in Bandung City, Indonesia vol.17, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13189