DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analysis of the Characteristics of Bulking Agents Used in Livestock Manure Composting

축산분뇨 퇴비화에 이용되는 수분조절제의 특성 분석

  • Kim, Hyeon-Tae (Department of Bio-Industrial Machinery Engineering. College of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University(Institute of Agriculture & Life Science)) ;
  • Lee, Min-HO (Department of Bio-Industrial Machinery Engineering. College of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University(Institute of Agriculture & Life Science)) ;
  • qasim, Waqas (Department of Bio-Industrial Machinery Engineering. College of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University(Institute of Agriculture & Life Science)) ;
  • Lee, Yong-Jin (Department of Bio-Industrial Machinery Engineering. College of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University(Institute of Agriculture & Life Science)) ;
  • Kim, Won-Joong (BK Environmental construction Co. Ltd.) ;
  • Yoon, Yong-Cheol (Department of Agricultural Engineering. College of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University(Institute of Agriculture & Life Science))
  • 김현태 (경상대학교 농업생명과학대학 생물산업기계공학과(농업생명과학연구원)) ;
  • 이민호 (경상대학교 농업생명과학대학 생물산업기계공학과(농업생명과학연구원)) ;
  • 와카스 카심 (경상대학교 농업생명과학대학 생물산업기계공학과(농업생명과학연구원)) ;
  • 이용진 (경상대학교 농업생명과학대학 생물산업기계공학과(농업생명과학연구원)) ;
  • 김원중 (BK환경종합건설(주)) ;
  • 윤용철 (경상대학교 농업생명과학대학 지역환경기반공학과(농업생명과학연구원))
  • Received : 2018.03.05
  • Accepted : 2018.05.15
  • Published : 2018.12.31

Abstract

This study analyzed the characteristics of 6 recyclable bulking agents which can replace sawdust and rice hulls that are commonly used in livestock manure composting. The content of all the hazardous chemicals found in the bulking agents used in this experiment was between 0.0 and 34.1 ppm, which was noticeably lesser than the maximum content levels of hazardous substances 5.0~900.0 ppm prescribed by the Rural Development Administration(RDA), which means that the bulking agents would be able to replace sawdusts and rice husks. The water content of the bulking agents ranged from a minimum of 12.4% to a maximum of 16.6% in the original state, which was much less than 60%, the optimal moisture content. These results indicate that they would be able to function fully as bulking agents. Their water absorption rate was in the range of minimum 31.9% ~ maximum 600.0%, which showed huge differences among the types of bulking agents. The most appropriate bulking agent in terms of water absorption rate was wood pellets. It was the highest in the wood briquette manufactured by A, which was followed by C and B in the order. The shear strength of the 5 types of bulking agents in the original state was 271.7 N on an average, the highest figure of all, except for the oak briquette whose shear strength could not be measured and the wood pellets in the absorption state. The shear strength in the dry and absorption states then followed, and were 78.0 N and 27.7 N on an average, respectively. The wood briquette of A recorded considerably lower shear strength than that of B and C. Overall, shear strength tended to increase according to lower water absorption rates. Since pine wood chips and oak cuts have relatively greater shear strength even in the absorbing state than the other materials, they will be able to endure some power in the case of stirring with pig droppings.

본 연구는 축산분뇨를 퇴비화 하는 과정에서 흔히 사용되는 수분조절제인 톱밥, 왕겨 등을 대체하여 사용할 수 있고 또한 재사용 여부를 판단하기 위하여 수분조절제 6종을 대상으로 특성을 분석하였다. 그 결과 본 실험에 사용한 수분조절제의 종류에 관계없이 유해성분의 함량은 0.0~34.1ppm으로써 농촌진흥청에서 제시하고 있는 유해성분의 최대함량인 5.0~900.0ppm보다 상당히 적은 것으로 나타나 톱밥이나 왕겨 등을 대체가 가능할 것으로 판단되었다. 그리고 수분조절제 원상태의 함수율은 최소 12.4%에서 최대 16.6%까지 측정되어 적정 함수율인 60%이하 보다는 낮아 수분조절제로서의 기능이 충분한 것으로 나타났다. 흡수율은 최소 31.9%에서 최대 600.0%까지 나타나 수분조절제의 종류에 따라 큰 차이를 보였지만, 가장 적절한 수분조절제는 우드펠릿인 것으로 나타났다. 우드브리켓만 보면, A사 제품이 가장 높게 나타났고 그 다음으로 C사 및 B사 제품 순으로 나타났다. 전단강도는 전단강도를 측정할 수 없었던 재료를 제외한 5가지 종류에서 원상태의 경우, 평균 271.7N정도로서 가장 크게 나타났다. 그 다음으로 건조 및 흡수상태로서 평균 전단강도가 각각 78.0N 및 27.7N정도로 나타났다. 우드브리켓의 경우, A사 제품이 B, C사 제품보다 상대적으로 전단강도가 현저히 작게 나타났다. 전체적으로 볼 때, 전단강도는 흡수율이 작으면 상대적으로 크게 나타나는 경향이 있었다. 특히 소나무 우드칩이나 참나무 절단목의 경우, 흡수상태에서도 전단강도가 다른 재료에 비해 상대적으로 크기 때문에 돈분과의 교반시 어느 정도의 동력을 견딜 수 있을 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 농림수산식품기술기획평가원

References

  1. Chang KW, Yu YS and Min KH. 2002. Development of the optimal composting condition for the high quality og pig manure compost. J. of KOWRC. 10: 112-117.
  2. Choi DY. 2008. Livestock manure treatment technology. National Institute of Animal Science. http://www.nongsaro.go.kr(2017.9.6.)
  3. Hwang JG. 2009. Evaluation of coal ash feasibility as bulking agent for composting swine manure. MD. Thesis, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
  4. Kim SB, Choi HG, Jo G, Yang CO and Lee SG. 2001. The study of reuse, putting the bulking agent into food waste and livestock feces. J. of KORRA. 9: 127-135.
  5. Lee SY and Chang SY. 1998. Wastepaper as a bulking agent for butchery wastes composting. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 31: 183-188.
  6. Lim JJ, Kim DH, Lee JJ, Kim DG, Lee HJ, Min WG, Park DJ, Huh MR, Chang HH, Kim PJ and Kim S. 2011. Studies on the evaluation of Kenaf as a bulking agent in livestock composting. J. Agric. Life Sci. 45: 21-28.
  7. Min KH, Chang KW and Yu YS. 2000. Changes of physico-chemical properties of paper mill sludge amended with pig manure in composting process. J. of KORRA. 8: 86-92.
  8. Nam Y, Yong SH and Song KK. 2010. Evaluating quality of fertilizer manufactured(livestock manure compost) with different sources in Korea. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 10: 522-527.
  9. Park JK, Seo ST, Park SC and Lee HS. 2014. A study on developing fly ash as bulking agent for composting swine manure. J. of KSEA. 20: 65-70.
  10. Rural Development Adminstration(RDA). 2010. Offical standard and specification of commercial fertilizer. http://www.rad.go.kr/board/board.do?prgld=law_rdalwEntry(2017.9.6.)
  11. Zong MS, Paek SH, Choi KH, Yang WH, Kang JW, Son HS, Kim SK and Park JY. 1996. Effect of aeration rate on composting of mixture of swine feces and newspaper. Kor. J. Env. Hlth. Soc. 22: 58-68.