Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology (환경분석과 독성보건)

The Korea Society for Environmental Analysis (한국환경분석학회)
권호 표지

Analysis of Micropollutants and Their Metabolites in the Hwapo Wetland through Target, Suspect, and Non-target Screening Using LC-HRMS

LC-HRMS 기반의 표적, 추정 및 비표적 분석기법을 이용한 화포습지 내 미량오염물질 및 대사체 분석

  • Hwang, Sumin (Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University) ;
  • Jeon, Junho (Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University)
  • 황수민 (창원대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 전준호 (창원대학교 환경공학과)
  • Received : 2018.11.16
  • Accepted : 2018.12.06
  • Published : 2018.12.31
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Located in Gimhae, Hwapo is the biggest riverine wetland in the province of Gyeongsangsam-do, Korea, and is a major habitat for various species. However, it is suspected that various pollutants enter the wetlands from agricultural and industrial areas. This study identifies major organic pollutants in this wetland and their sources using high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry during one summer season. Forty-five substances were selected for quantitative analysis using target screening, and other non-selected compounds were screened using suspect and non-target screening methods. The results were that 21 and 17 targeted substances were detected in July and August, respectively. Major pollutants in July and August were oxadiazon (July: 17-220 ng/L, August: 66-460 ng/L), carbendazim (July: 10-110 ng/L, August: 64-520 ng/L), caffeine (July: 33-1,100 ng/L, August: 56-580 ng/L), and niflumic acid (July: 23-75 ng/L, August: 42-290 ng/L). Sampling sites S4 in July and S2 in August were the major inflow points. Ten substances (tricyclazole, hexaconazole, diuron, fexofenadine, irbesartan, simetryn, cimetidine, valsartan, tebuconazole, and benzotriazole) and four metabolites (valsartan acid, azoxystrobin acid, TEB_M324c, and 2-aminobenzimidazole) were tentatively identified through suspect and non-target screening, respectively.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 한국연구재단

References

  1. 낙동강유역환경청, "화포천 유역관리 종합대책", 2007.
  2. T. Y. Yeh, C. C. Chou, and C. T. Pan, “Heavy metal removal within pilot-scale constructed wetlands receiving river water contaminated by confined swine operations”, Desalination, 2009, 249, 368-373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2008.11.025
  3. D. O. Huett, S. G. Morris, and G. Smith, N. Hunt, "Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from plant nursery runoff in vegetated and unvegetated subsurface flow wetlands", Water Res., 2005, 39, 3259-3272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2005.05.038
  4. L. Cui, Y. Ouyang, W. Gu, W. Yang, and Q. Xu, "Evaluation of nutrient removal efficiency and microbial enzyme activity in a baffled subsurface-flow constructed wetland system", Bioresour. Technol., 2013, 146, 656-662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.105
  5. N. Papadopoulos, E. Gikas, G. Zalidis, and A. Tsarbopoulos, "Simultaneous determination of terbuthylazine and its major hydroxy and dealkylated metabolites in wetland water samples using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection", J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 7270-7277. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0706777
  6. V. Matamoros, A. Caselles-Osorio, J. Garcia, and J. M. Bayona, "Behaviour of pharmaceutical products and biodegradation intermediates in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland. A microcosm experiment", Sci. Total Environ., 2008, 394, 171-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.01.029
  7. S. Huntscha, H. P. Singer, C. S. McArdell, C. E. Frank, and J. Hollender, "Multiresidue analysis of 88 polar organic micropollutants in ground, surface and wastewater using online mixed-bed multilayer solid-phase extraction coupled to high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry", J. Chromatogr. A, 2012, 1268, 74-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2012.10.032
  8. C. Moschet, I. Wittmer, and J. Simovic, "How a complete pesticide screening changes the assessment of surface water quality", Environ. Sci. Technol., 2014, 48, 5423-5432. https://doi.org/10.1021/es500371t
  9. W. Ouyang, G. Cai, M. Tysklind, W. Yang, F. Hao, and H. Liu, "Temporal-spatial patterns of three types of pesticide loadings in a middle-high latitude agricultural watershed", Water Res., 2017, 122, 377-386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.023
  10. S. Pesce, C. Fajon, C. Bardot, F. Bonnemoy, C. Portelli, and J. Bohatier, "Longitudinal changes in microbial planktonic communities of a French river in relation to pesticide and nutrient inputs", Aquat. Toxicol., 2008, 86, 352-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.11.016
  11. G. Palma, A. ?nchez, Y. Olave, F. Encina, R. Palma, and R. Barra, “Pesticide levels in surface waters in an agricultural-forestry basin in Southern Chile”, Chemosphere, 2004, 57, 763-770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.08.047
  12. S. S. Caldas, C. Rombaldi, J. Lucas, D. O. Arias, L. C. Marube, and E. Gilberto, "Multi-residue method for determination of 58 pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water using solvent demulsification dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry", Talanta, 2016, 146, 676-688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.047
  13. T. J. Reilly, K. L. Smalling, J. L. Orlando, and K. M. Kuivila, “Occurrence of boscalid and other selected fungicides in surface water and groundwater in three targeted use areas in the United States”, Chemosphere, 2012, 89, 228-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.04.023
  14. C. Moschet, A. Piazzoli, H. Singer, and J. Hollender, "Alleviating the reference standard dilemma using a systematic exact mass suspect screening approach with liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry", Anal. Chem., 2013, 85, 10312-10320. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac4021598
  15. E. Herrero-Hernandez, M. S. Andrades, A. Alvarez-Martin, E. Pose-Juan, M. S. Rodriguez-Cruz, and M. J. Sanchez-Martin, "Occurrence of pesticides and some of their degradation products in waters in a Spanish wine region", J. Hydrol., 2013, 486, 234-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.01.025
  16. E. N. Papadakis, A. Tsaboula, A. Kotopoulou, K. Kintzikoglou, Z. Vryzas, and E. Papadopoulou-Mourkidou, "Pesticides in the surface waters of Lake Vistonis Basin, Greece: Occurrence and environmental risk assessment", Sci. Total Environ., 2015, 536, 793-802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.099
  17. A. Masia, J. Campo, P. Vazquez-Roig, C. Blasco, and Y. Pico, "Screening of currently used pesticides in water, sediments and biota of the Guadalquivir River Basin (Spain)", J. Hazard Mater., 2013, 263, 98-104.
  18. A. Masia, M. Ibanez, C. Blasco, J. V. Sancho, Y. Pico, and F. Hernandez, "Combined use of liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in systematic screening of pesticides and other contaminants in water samples", Anal. Chim. Acta., 2013, 761, 117-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2012.11.032
  19. P. Gago-Ferrero, V. Borova, M. E. Dasenaki, and N. S. Thomaidis, "Simultaneous determination of 148 pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in sewage sludge based on ultrasound-assisted extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry", Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2015, 407, 4287-4297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-015-8540-6
  20. J. L. Santos, I. Aparicio, E. Alonso, and M. Callejon, “Simultaneous determination of pharmaceutically active compounds in wastewater samples by solid phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array and fluorescence detectors”, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2005, 550, 116-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2005.06.064
  21. A. Kalwasinska, J. Kesy, and W. Donderski, "Biodegradation of carbendazim by epiphytic and neustonic bacteria of eutrophic Chelmzynskie lake", Polish J. Microbiol., 2008, 57, 221-230.
  22. A. Rosch, S. Anliker, and J. Hollender, "How Biotransformation Influences Toxicokinetics of Azole Fungicides in the Aquatic Invertebrate Gammarus pulex", Environ. Sci. Technol., 2016, 50, 7175-7188. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b01301