Journal of Technology Innovation (기술혁신연구)

Korea Society for Innovation Managemetn & Economics (기술경영경제학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on Vitalization of Faculty-associated Startups: Focusing on Conflicts of Interests Regulations

대학 교원 창업 활성화 방안 연구: 이해충돌 규정을 중심으로

  • 구본진 (한국과학기술기획평가원) ;
  • 김상완 (한국과학기술기획평가원) ;
  • 김훈배 (연세대학교 기술지주회사)
  • Received : 2017.11.09
  • Accepted : 2018.02.28
  • Published : 2018.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

University spinoff is a type of high-quality tech-startup that has high level of growth potential and ripple effects. Thus, the Korean government has been making continuous efforts to vitalize university spinoffs. However, existing legislation does not take into account clear definition of university spinoff as well as conflict of interests among its main agents (university, professor, graduate student, etc.). As a result, there exist various types of conflict of interests related to the university spinoff in Korea and that hinder activating university spinoffs. In this study, therefore, we reviewed studies of university spinoff and clarified types of conflict of interests related to university spinoff. Taken together, we diagnosed problems of university spinoff in Korea and proposed plans to vitalize it.

대학 교원 창업은 기술 이해도가 높은 고급인력의 기술창업으로 일반적인 기회 형 창업보다 성장성 및 파급효과가 높은 양질의 창업 유형이다. 이러한 장점에 주목하여 정부는 대학 교원 창업 활성화를 위한 노력을 지속해오고 있다. 그러나 현행 법규 및 관련 제도는 교원 창업에 대한 명확한 정의뿐만 아니라 교원 창업과 관련한 주체들(대학, 교수, 대학원생 등)간 이해가 충돌하는 상황을 고려하지 못한 상태에 머물러 있다. 이로 인하여 대학 교원창업과 관련한 여러 유형의 이해충돌 문제가 발생하고 있고, 이는 교원 창업을 더욱 어렵게 만들고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 학술적 관점에서 대학 교원 창업 관련 논의를 종합하고, 대학 교원 창업의 이해충돌 문제를 체계화 및 유형화하였고, 한국과 미국 주요 대학의 교원 창 관련 제도를 비교분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 국내 대학 교원 창업의 문제점을 진단하고, 활성화 방안을 제안하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. 박기범 (2006), 연구자의 이해충돌 문제와 그 대처 방안, 과학기술정책연구원.
  2. 박흥식 (2008), "공직자 이해충돌(conflict of interest) 행위의 개선을 위한 연구: 법적.윤리적 시각을 중심으로", 한국행정학보, 제42권 제3호, pp. 239-260
  3. Algieri B., Aquino A., and Succurro M. (2013), "Technology Transfer Offices and Academic Spin-off Creation: The Case of Italy", The Journal of Technology Transfer, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 382-400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-011-9241-8
  4. Bekelman J.E., Li Y., and Gross C.P. (2003), "Scope and Impact of Financial Conflicts of Interest in Biomedical Research: A Systematic Review", Journal of American Medical Association, Vol. 289, No. 4, pp. 454-65. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.289.4.454
  5. Bozeman B. (2000), "Technology Transfer and Public Policy: A Review of Research and Theory", Research Policy, Vol. 29, pp. 627-655. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00093-1
  6. Blair D., and D. Hitchens (1998), Campus Companies: UK and Ireland, Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.
  7. Blumenthal D. (1992), "Academic-industry Relationships in the Life Sciences", Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 268, No. 23, pp. 3344-3349. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1992.03490230074031
  8. Cho M.K., Shohara R., Schissel A., and Rennie D. (2000), "Policies on Faculty Conflicts of Interest at US Universities", Journal of Americal Medical Association, Vol. 284, No. 17, pp. 2203-2208. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.284.17.2203
  9. Chrisman J., T. Hynes, and S. Fraser (1995), "Faculty Entrepreneurship and Economic Development: The Case of the University of Calgary", Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 267-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(95)00015-Z
  10. Cohen W. (2000), "Taking Care of Business", ASEE Prism Online, January, pp. 1-5.
  11. Charles D., and C. Conway (2001), Higher Education-Business Interaction Survey, Newcastle upon Tyne: Centre for Urban and Regional Development Studies, University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
  12. Dahlstrand A. (1999), "Technology-based SMEs in the Goteborg Region: Their Origins and Interaction with Universities and Large Firms", Regional Studies, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 379-389. https://doi.org/10.1080/713693558
  13. Elliott D., and Stern J.E. (1997), Research Ethics, Hanover: New England Press.
  14. Etzkowitz H.J. (2003), "Research Groups and 'Quasi-firms': The Invention of the Entrepreneurial University", Research Policy, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 109-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00009-4
  15. Goldman M. (1984), "Building a Mecca for High Technology", Technology Review, Vol. 86, No. 3, pp. 6-8.
  16. Golub E. (2003), "Generating Spin-offs from University-Based Research: The Potential of Technology Transfer", Ph.D. Dissertation, Columbia University.
  17. Kenney M. (1986), Biotechnology: The University-Industrial Complex, New Haven: Yale Press
  18. Kobus J. (1992), "Universities and the Creation of Spin-off Companies", Industry and Higher Education, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 136-142. https://doi.org/10.1177/095042229200600303
  19. Lee Y. (1996), "'Technology Transfer and the Research University: A Search for the Boundaries of University-industry Collaboration", Research Policy, Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 843-863. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(95)00857-8
  20. Leonard J. (2001), Effects of Patenting and Licensing on Research, Presentation to the National Academies Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy Committee on Intellectual Property Rights in the Knowledge-Based Economy.
  21. Lockett A., Siegal D., Wright M., and Ensley M.D. (2005), "The Creation of Spin-off Firms at Public Research Institutions: Managerial and Policy Implications", Research Policy, Vol. 34, pp. 981-993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2005.05.010
  22. Louis K., L. Jones, M. Anderson, D. Blumenthal, and E. Campbell (2001), "Entrepreneurship, Secrecy, and Productivity: A Comparison of Clinical and Nonclinical Faculty", Journal of Technology Transfer, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 233-245. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011106006976
  23. Lowe R. (2002), "Invention, Innovation and Entrepreneurship: The Commercialization of University Research by Inventor-Founded Firms", Ph.D. dissertation, University of California at Berkeley.
  24. McQueen D., and J. Wallmark (1991), "University Technical Innovation: Spin-offs and Patents in Goteborg, Sweden", in A. Brett, D. Gibson, and R. Smilor (eds.), University Spin-off Companies, Savage, MD: Rowman and Little field Publishers, pp. 103-115.
  25. Miner A., D. Eesley, M. Devaughn, and T. Rura (2001), "The Magic Beanstalk Vision: Commercializing University Inventions and Research", in C. Schoonhoven, and E. Romanelli (eds.), The Entrepreneurship Dynamic, Palo Alto: Stanford Press.
  26. Mozaffarian D. (2017), "Conflict of Interest and the Role of the Food Industry in Nutrition Research" Journal of Americal Medical Association. Vol. 317, No. 17, pp. 1755-1767. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.3456
  27. Mustar P. (1997), "Spin-off Enterprises. How French Academics Create High-techcompanies: Conditions for Success or Failure", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 37-43.
  28. O'Shea R.P., Allen T.J., Chevalier A., and Roche F. (2005), "Entrepreneurial Orientation, Technology Transfer and Spin-off Performance of U.S. Universities", Research Policy, Vol. 34, pp. 994-1009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2005.05.011
  29. Perry H.B. (2018), "Undergraduates' Perceptions of Conflict of Interest in Industry-Sponsored Research", Libraries and the Academy, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 163-182 https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2018.0008
  30. Powell W. and J. Owen-Smith (1998), "Universities and the Market for Intellectual Property in the Life Sciences", Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 253-277. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6688(199821)17:2<253::AID-PAM8>3.0.CO;2-G
  31. Pressman L., S. Guterman, S. Abrams, D. Geist, and L. Nelsen (1995), "Pre-production Investment and Jobs Induced by MIT Exclusive Patent Licenses: A Preliminary modelto Measure the Economic Impact of University Licensing", Journal of Association of University Technology Managers, Vol. 7, pp. 49-81.
  32. Rasmussen E., Mosey S., and Wright M. (2011), "The Evolution of Entrepreneurial Competencies: A Longitudinal Study of University spin-off Venture Emergence", Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 48, No. 6, pp. 1314-1345. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2010.00995.x
  33. Resnick D. (1998), "Conflicts of Interest in Science", Perspectives on Science, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 381-408.
  34. Shane S. (2000), "Prior Knowledge and the Discovery of Entrepreneurial Opportunities", Organization Science, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 448-469. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.11.4.448.14602
  35. Shane S. (2004), Academic Entrepreneurship: University Spinoffs and Wealth Creation, UK; Edward Elgar.
  36. Smith H.L., and Ho K. (2006), "Measuring the Performance of Oxford University, Oxford Brookes University and the Government Laboratories' Spin-off Companies", Research Policy, Vol.35, No.10, pp.1554-1568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2006.09.022
  37. Stephan P. (2001), "Educational Implications of University-industry Technology Transfer", Journal of Technology Transfer, Vol. 26, No. 3 pp. 199-205. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011164806068
  38. Wickstead S. (1985), The Cambridge Phenomenon, Thetford, UK: Thetford Press.
  39. Zucker L., M. Darby, and J. Armstrong (1998), "Geographically Localized Knowledge: Spillovers or Markets?", Economic Inquiry, Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 65-86. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.1998.tb01696.x