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Seed Dormancy Type and Germination Characteristics in Tiarella polyphylla D. Don Native to Korea

한반도 자생식물 헐떡이풀 종자의 휴면유형과 발아특성

  • Choi, Han (Useful Plant Resources Center, Korea National Arboretum) ;
  • Lee, Seung Youn (Useful Plant Resources Center, Korea National Arboretum) ;
  • Rhie, Yong Ha (Department of Horticulture and Forestry, Pai Chai University) ;
  • Lee, Jeong Ho (DMZ Botanic Garden, Korea National Arboretum) ;
  • Kim, Sang Yong (Useful Plant Resources Center, Korea National Arboretum) ;
  • Lee, Ki Cheol (Useful Plant Resources Center, Korea National Arboretum)
  • 최한 (국립수목원 유용식물증식센터) ;
  • 이승연 (국립수목원 유용식물증식센터) ;
  • 이용하 (배재대학교 원예산림학과) ;
  • 이정호 (국립수목원 DMZ자생식물관리과) ;
  • 김상용 (국립수목원 유용식물증식센터) ;
  • 이기철 (국립수목원 유용식물증식센터)
  • Received : 2018.03.29
  • Accepted : 2018.07.19
  • Published : 2018.08.31

Abstract

Tiarella polyphylla D. Don is a native plant distributed only in Ulleung Island in Korea and has been traditionally used for medicinal purposes, although it is also used ornamentally. This study was conducted to determine the requirements for dormancy break and germination and to classify the type of seed dormancy. The experiments were performed with cold stratification (0 or 12 weeks at $5^{\circ}C$), warm stratification (0, 4, 8, or 12 weeks at $23^{\circ}C$, followed by 8 weeks at $5^{\circ}C$, and then incubation at $23^{\circ}C$), and $GA_3$ treatments (0, 10, 100, or 1000 mg/L). The treated seeds were incubated on aseptic media at room chamber ($23^{\circ}C$, a 16h photoperiod of fluorescent lamps with $40{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$). The seeds were dispersed in nature as underdeveloped embryos with no physical barrier to absorb water to prevent water absorption. However, the seeds did not germinate for 30 days after sowing without any pre-treatments. Thus, the seeds had morphological dormancy (MD) and physiological dormancy (PD). The final germination percentage following cold stratification (0 or 12 weeks) was 66.7% and 45.6%, respectively. The cold stratification delayed seed germination by about 3 weeks. In the warm stratification experiment (0, 4, 8, or 12 weeks), the final germination percentage was 21.1%, 27.8%, 41.1%, and 57.8%, respectively, 20 weeks after sowing. The embryos of the T. polyphylla seed grew in relatively warm temperatures ($23^{\circ}C$). $GA_3$ application overcame seed dormancy and promoted germination. Following $GA_3$ treatment (0, 10, 100, or 1000 mg/L), the final germination percentage was 33.3%, 45.0%, 42.5%, and 72.5%, respectively. These results suggest that the T. polyphylla seeds had non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy (MPD) and $GA_3$ treatment could be used as a substitute for warm stratification for breaking seed dormancy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of seed dormancy characteristics of the genus Tiarella native to Korea.

헐떡이풀은 우리나라에서 울릉도에서만 분포하는 자생식물로 전통적으로 약용으로 쓰여왔으며, 관상식물로의 활용도 기대되는 자원식물이다. 본 연구는 헐떡이풀 종자의 휴면타파와 발아를 위한 조건을 확립하고 종자휴면 유형을 분류하고자 수행되었다. 실험은 헐떡이풀 종자에 저온층적처리($5^{\circ}C$에서 0, 12주)와 고온층적처리($23^{\circ}C$에서 0, 4, 8, 12주 처리 후에 $5^{\circ}C$에서 8주, 다시 $23^{\circ}C$에서 배양함), $GA_3$ (0, 10, 100, 1000 mg/L)처리를 수행하였다. 이렇게 처리한 종자는 무균배지에 소독하여 파종하고 온도 $23^{\circ}C$, 광도 $40{\mu}mo{\ell}{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ PPFD, 일장16시간 조건의 배양실에서 배양하였다. 헐떡이풀 종자는 자연상태에서 미숙배인 상태로 탈리되며, 종자 내부로의 수분흡수에 대한 물리적인 장벽은 없었다. 그러나 아무 처리 없이 파종하였을 때 30일이 지나도록 전혀 발아하지 않았다. 따라서 헐떡이풀 종자는 형태적 휴면(MD)과 생리적 휴면(PD)을 가지고 있는 것으로 판단하였다. 저온층적처리(0, 12주) 실험의 최종 발아율은 각각 66.7%, 45.6%로 나타났다. 저온처리는 오히려 발아를 약 3주 정도 지연시켰다. 고온층적처리(0, 4, 8, 12주) 실험에서는 최종 발아율이 각각 13.3%, 24.4%, 20.0%, 51.1%로 나타났다. 헐떡이풀 종자의 배는 상대적 고온에서 발달하였다. $GA_3$ 처리는 종자의 휴면을 극복하고 발아를 촉진하였다. $GA_3$ 처리에서의 최종 발아율은 0, 10, 100, 1000 mg/L 처리구에 대하여 각각 33.3%, 45.0%, 42.5%, 72.5%로 나타났다. 위의 결과를 종합하여 헐떡이풀 종자는 non-deep simple 형태생리적 휴면(MPD)을 가지고 있으며, $GA_3$ 처리를 통해 고온을 대체하고 종자의 휴면을 타파할 수 있었다. 이는 한국에 자생하는 헐떡이풀속의 종자휴면에 대해 처음으로 보고한 논문이다.

Keywords

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