Journal of Menopausal Medicine

The Korean Society of Menopause (대한폐경학회)
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The Beneficial and Adverse Effects of Raloxifene in Menopausal Women: A Mini Review

  • Khorsand, Imaneh (Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Kashef, Reyhaneh (Hope Generation Genetic & Feto Maternal Clinic, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Ghazanfarpour, Masumeh (Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Razi School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Mansouri, Elaheh (Mashhad University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Dashti, Sareh (Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia) ;
  • Khadivzadeh, Talat (Mashhad University of Medical Sciences)
  • Received : 2018.03.07
  • Accepted : 2018.09.24
  • Published : 2018.12.31
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Abstract

Objectives: The present mini review aimed to summarize the existing knowledge regarding the beneficial and adverse effects of raloxifene in menopausal women. Methods: This study is a review of relevant publications about the effects of raloxifene on sleep disorder, depression, venous thromboembolism, the plasma concentration of lipoprotein, breast cancer, and cognitive function among menopausal women. Results: Raloxifene showed no significant effect on depression and sleep disorder. Verbal memory improved with administration of 60 mg/day of raloxifene while a mild cognitive impairment risk reduction by 33% was observed with administration of 120 mg/day of raloxifene. Raloxifene was associated with a 50% decrease in the need for prolapse surgery. The result of a meta-analysis showed a significant decline in the plasma concentration of lipoprotein in the raloxifene group compared to placebo (standardized mean difference, -0.43; 10 trials). A network meta-analysis showed that raloxifene significantly decreased the risk of breast cancer (relative risk, 0.572; 95% confidence interval, 0.327-0.881; P = 0.01). In terms of adverse effects of raloxifene, the odds ratio (OR) was observed to be 1.54 (P = 0.006), indicating 54% increase in the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) while the OR for pulmonary embolism (PE) was 1.05, suggesting a 91% increase in the risk of PE alone (P = 0.03). Conclusions: Raloxifene had no significant effect on depression and sleep disorder but decreased the concentration of lipoprotein. Raloxifene administration was associated with an increased risk of DVT and PE and a decreased risk of breast cancer and pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women.

Keywords

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