Geosciences Journal

The Association of Korean Geoscience Societies (한국지질과학협의회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Depositional processes and environmental changes during initial flooding of an epeiric platform: Liguan Formation (Cambrian Series 2), Shandong Province, China

  • Lee, Hyun Suk (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Chen, Jitao (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Han, Zuozhen (College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Chough, Sung Kwun (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University)
  • Received : 2018.01.09
  • Accepted : 2018.04.02
  • Published : 2018.12.01
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This paper focuses on the depositional processes and environmental changes during initial marine flooding recorded in the lower Cambrian succession of the North China Platform in Shandong Province, China. In order to understand imbalance of accommodation and sediment supply in the initial stage of basin-fill, a detailed analysis of sedimentary facies was made for the lowermost siliciclastic deposits of the Liguan Formation. It reveals ten siliciclastic lithofacies in three large-scale outcrops (Jinhe, Anqianzhuang, and Zhangjiapo sections). These facies are grouped into four facies associations, representing siliciclastic foreshoreshoreface (S1), siliciclastic offshore (S2), distributary mouth bars (S3), and coastal plain (S4). The siliciclastic components occur in a linear belt, emanating from a major drainage system in the northeastern part of the platform. Deposition of siliciclastic sediments was largely controlled by regional topography of the unconformable surface and shoreline configuration as well as strong effect of waves and currents. With ensued rise in sea level and decrease in siliciclastic sediment supply, carbonate sediments prevailed, filling the accommodation created by epeirogenic subsidence and sediment loading.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : National Research Foundation, KIGAM

References

  1. Aigner, T., 1985, Storm Depositional Systems. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, 3, Springer-Verlag, New York, 174 p.
  2. Allen, J.R.L., 1984, Sedimentary Structures-Their Character and Physical Basis (2nd revised edition). Developments in Sedimentology, v. 30, Elsevier, New York, , 663 p.
  3. Alvaro, J.J., Van Vliet-Lanoe, B., Vennin, E., and Blanc-Valleron, M.-M., 2003, Lower Cambrian paleosols form the Canabrian Mountains (northern Spain): a comparison with Neogene-Quaternary estuarine analogues. Sedimentary Geology, 163, 67-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(03)00159-3
  4. Bentham, P.A., Talling, P.J., and Burbank, D.W., 1993, Braided stream and floodplain deposition in a rapidly aggrading basin: the Escanilla Formation, Spanish Pyrenees. In: Best, J.L. and Bristow, C.S. (eds.), Braided Rivers. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 75, p. 177-194.
  5. Bridge, J.S., 1993, Description and interpretation of fluvial deposits: a critical perspective. Sedimentology, 40, 801-810. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1993.tb01361.x
  6. Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Shandong Province, 1996, Stratigraphy (Lithostratigraphic) of Shandong Province. China University of Geosciences Press, Wuhan, China, p. 105-168.
  7. Chen, J., Chough, S.K., Chun, S.S., and Han, Z., 2009, Limestone pseudoconglomerates in the Late Cambrian Gushan and Chaomidian formations (Shandong Province, China): soft-sediment deformation induced by storm-wave loading. Sedimentology, 56, 1174-1195. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2008.01028.x
  8. Chough, S.K., 2013, Geology and Sedimentology of the Korean Peninsula. Elsevier, London, 363 p.
  9. Chough, S.K., Lee, H.S., Woo, J., Chen, J., Choi, D.K., Lee, S.-B., Kang, I., Park, T.-Y., and Han, Z., 2010, Cambrian stratigraphy of the North China Platform: revisiting principal sections in Shandong Province, China. Geosciences Journal, 14, 235-268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12303-010-0029-x
  10. Corbett, M.J., Fielding, C.R., and Birgenheier, L.P., 2011, Stratigraphy of a Cretaceous coastal-plain fluvial succession: The Campanian Masuk Formation, Henry Mountains Syncline, Utah, U.S.A. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 81, 80-96. https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2011.12
  11. Dalziel, I.W.D., 1997, Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic geography and tectonics; review, hypothesis, environmental speculation. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 109, 16-42. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0016:ONPGAT>2.3.CO;2
  12. Encinas, A., Finger, K.L., Nielsen, S.N., Lavenu, A., Buatois, L.A., Peterson, D.E., and Le Roux, J.P., 2008, Rapid and major coastal subsidence during the late Miocene in south-central Chile. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 25, 157-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2007.07.001
  13. Golonka, J., 2002, Plate-tectonic maps of the Phanerozoic. In: Kiessling, W., Flugel, E., and Golonka, J. (eds.), Phanerozoic Reef Patterns. SEPM, Special Publication, 72, p. 21-75.
  14. Greb, S.F. and Archer, A.W., 1995, Rhythmic sedimentation in a mixed tide and wave deposit, Hazel patch sandstone (Pennsylvanian), Eastern Kentucky Coal Field. Journal of Sedimentary Research, B65, 96-106.
  15. Harazim, D. and Mcilroy D., 2015, Mud-rich density-driven flows along an Early Ordovician storm-dominated shoreline: implications for shallow-marine facies models. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 85, 509-528. https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2015.38
  16. Hequette, A. and Hill, P.R., 1993, Storm-generated currents and offshore sediment transport on a sandy shoreface, Tibjak Beach, Canadian Beaufort Sea. Marine Geology, 113, 283-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(93)90023-O
  17. Husseini, M.I., 1989, Tectonic and depositional model of Late Precambrian-Cambrian Arabian and adjoining plates. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 73, 1171-1131.
  18. James, N.P. and Gravestock, D.I., 2006, Lower Cambrian shelf and shelf margin buildups, Flinders Ranges, South Australia. Sedimentology, 37, 455-480.
  19. Jo, H.R. and Chough, S.K., 2001, Architectural analysis of fluvial sequences in the northwestern part of Kyongsang Basin (Early Cretaceous), SE Korea. Sedimentary Geology, 144, 307-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00123-3
  20. Jones, B., 2010, Warm-water neritic carbonate. In: James, N.P. and Dalrymple, R.W. (eds.), Facies Model 4. Geological Association of Canada, 6, p. 341-370.
  21. Lee, H.S. and Chough, S.K., 2011, Depositional processes of the Zhushadong and Mantou formations (Early to Middle Cambrian), Shandong Province, China: roles of archipelago and mixed carbonate-siliciclastic sedimentation on cycle genesis during initial flooding of the North China Platform. Sedimentology, 58, 1530-1572. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2011.01225.x
  22. Lee, J.-H., Lee, H.S., Chen, J., Woo, J., and Chough, S.K., 2014, Calcified microbial reefs in Cambrian Series 2, North China Platform: implications for the evolution of Cambrian calcified microbes. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 403, 30-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.03.020
  23. Lehrmann, D.J. and Goldhammer, R.K., 1999, Secular variation in parasequence and facies stacking patterns of platform carbonates: a guide to application of stacking-pattern analysis in strata of diverse age and setting. In: Harris, P.M., Saller, A.H., and Simo, T. (eds.), Advances in Carbonate Sequence Stratigraphy: Application to Reservoirs, Outcrops and Models. SEPM, Special Publication, 63, p. 187-225.
  24. Li, Z.X. and Powell, C.Mc.A., 2001, An outline of the palaeogeographic evolution of the Australasian region since the beginning of the Neoproterozoic. Earth-Science Reviews, 53, 237-277. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-8252(00)00021-0
  25. Lindsey, K.A. and Gaylord, D.R., 1992, Fluvial, coastal, nearshore, and shelf deposition in the Upper Proterozoic (?) to Lower Cambrian Addy Quartzite, northeastern Washington. Sedimentary Geology, 77, 15-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(92)90101-V
  26. Lu, Y.H., Chu, C.L., and Chien, Y.Y., 1965a, Cambrian paleogeography and lithofacies of China. Acta Geologica Sinica, 45, 349-357.
  27. Lu, Y.H., Zhang, W.T., Zhu, Z.L., Qian, Y.Y., and Xiang, L.W., 1965b, Fossils of Each Group of China: Chinese Trilobites. Science Press, Beijing, 766 p. (In Chinese)
  28. Martini, I.P., Cascella, A., and Rau, A., 1995, The Manciano Sandstone: a shoreface deposit of Miocene basins of the Northern Apennines, Italy. Sedimentary Geology, 99, 37-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(95)00005-S
  29. McKerrow, W.S., Scotese, C.R., and Braiser, M.D., 1992, Early Cambrian continental reconstructions. Journal of the Geological Society, 149, 599-606. https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.149.4.0599
  30. Meng, X.H., Ge, M., and Tucker, M.E., 1997, Sequence stratigraphy, sea-level changes and depositional systems in the Cambro-Ordovician of the North China carbonate platform. Sedimentary Geology, 114, 189-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(97)00073-0
  31. Meyerhoff, A.A., Kaye, M.K., Chen, C., and Taner, I., 1991, China - Stratigraphy, Paleogeography and Tectonics. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Deventer, 188 p.
  32. Miall, A.D., 1977, A review of the braided-river depositional environment. Earth-Science Reviews, 13, 1-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(77)90055-1
  33. Miall, A.D., 1996, The Geology of Fluvial Deposits: Sedimentary Facies, Basin Analysis, and Petroleum Geology. Springer, Berlin, 582 p.
  34. Middleton, G.V. and Hampton, M.A., 1973, Sediment gravity flows: mechanics of flow and deposition, in turbidites and deep water sedimentation. SEPM Short Course Lecture Notes, p. 1-38.
  35. Myrow, P.M. and Southard, J.B., 1996, Tempestite deposition. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 66, 875-887.
  36. Myrow, P.M., Thompson, K.R., Paulsen, T.S., Sell, B.K., and Parcha, S.K., 2006, Cambrian stratigraphy and depositional history of the northern Indian Himalaya, Spiti Valley, north-central India. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 118, 491-510. https://doi.org/10.1130/B25828.1
  37. Nemec, W. and Postma, G., 1993, Quaternary alluvial fans in southwestern Crete: sedimentation processes and geomorphic evolution. In: Marzo, M. and Puigdefabregas, C. (eds.), Alluvial Sedimentation. IAS, Special Publication, 17, p. 235-276.
  38. Osleger, D.A. and Montanez, I.P., 1996, Cross-platform architecture of a sequence boundary in mixed siliciclastic-carbonate lithofacies, Middle Cambrian, southern Great Basin, USA. Sedimentology, 43, 197-217. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.1996.d01-13.x
  39. Rust, B.R., 1978, Depositional models for braided alluvium. In: Miall, A.D. (ed.), Fluvial Sedimentology. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir, 5, p. 187-198.
  40. Sarg, J.F., Markello, J.R., and Weber, L.J., 1999, The second-order cycle, carbonate-platform growth, and reservoir, source, and trap prediction. In: Harris, P.M., Saller, A.H., and Simo, T. (eds.), Advances in Carbonate Sequence Stratigraphy: Application to Reservoir, Outcrops and Models. SEPM, Special Publication, 63, p. 11-34.
  41. Schomacker, E.R., Kjemperud, A.V., Nystuen, J.P., and Jahren, J.S., 2010, Recognition and significance of sharp-based mouth-bar depositsin the Eocene Green River Formation, Uinta Basin, Utah. Sedimentology, 57, 1069-1087. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2009.01136.x
  42. Simpson, E.L, Dilliard, K.A., Rowell, B.F., and Higgins, D., 2002, The fluvial-to-marine transition within the post-rift Lower Cambrian Hardyston Formation, Eastern Pennsylvania, USA. Sedimentary Geology, 147, 127-142 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00193-2
  43. Simpson, E.L. and Eriksson, K.A., 1989, Sedimentology of the Unicoi Formation in southern and central Virginia: evidence for late Proterozic to Early Cambrian rift-to-passive margin transition. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 101, 42-54. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<0042:SOTUFI>2.3.CO;2
  44. Sohn, Y.K., 1997, On traction-carpet sedimentation. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 67, 502-509.
  45. Todd, S.P., 1989, Stream-driven, high-density gravelly traction carpets: possible deposits in the Trabeg Conglomerate Formation, SW Ireland and some theoretical considerations of their origin. Sedimentology, 36, 513-530. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1989.tb02083.x
  46. Todd, S.P. and Went, D.J., 1991, Lateral migration of sand-bed rivers: examples from the Devonian Glashabeg Formation, SW Ireland and the Cambrian Alderney Sandstone Formation, Channel Islands. Sedimentology, 38, 997-1020. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1991.tb00368.x
  47. Tucker, M.E. and Wright, V.P., 1990, Carbonate Sedimentology. Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, 432 p.
  48. Turner, P., 1980, Continental Red Beds. Developments in Sedimentology Series, v. 29, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 561 p.
  49. Walker R.G. and James, N.P., 1992, Facies Models: Response to Sea Level Change. Geological Association of Canada, 409 p.
  50. Walker, T.R., 1967, Formation of red beds in modern and ancient deserts. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 78, 353-368. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1967)78[353:FORBIM]2.0.CO;2
  51. Woo, J., Shinn, Y.J., Kwon, Y.K., and Chough, S.K., 2006, The Jangsan and Myeonsan Formations (Early Cambrian) of the Taebaek Group, mideast Korea: depositional processes and environments. Geosciences Journal, 10, 35-57. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02910331

Cited by

  1. Recognition of stratigraphic sequence in the northeast Asian continent: a critical essay vol.22, pp.5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12303-018-0036-x