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컴퓨터 기반의 협력적 문제해결력 성취를 예측하는 학생과 학교 및 ICT 요인 : 다층모형 분석을 중심으로

Student-, School-, and ICT-Factors Predicting Computer-based Collaborative Problem Solving: Focusing on Analyses of Multi-level Models

  • 임효진 (서울교육대학교 교육전문대학원) ;
  • 이순영 (서울교육대학교 컴퓨터교육과)
  • Lim, Hyo Jin (Graduate School of Education, Seoul National University of Education) ;
  • Lee, Soon Young (Department of Computer Education, Seoul National University of Education)
  • 투고 : 2018.07.27
  • 심사 : 2018.08.29
  • 발행 : 2018.08.31

초록

본 연구는 우리나라 고등학교 학생들(142개 학교의 4863명)의 PISA 2015 컴퓨터 기반의 협력적 문제해결력(Collaborative Problem Solving, 이하 CPS)에 미치는 학생, 학교 수준의 배경요소와 ICT 요인을 설정하여, 설명 변수가 없는 기초모형(모형1)부터 모든 변수가 투입된 최종모형(모형5)까지 2수준 위계선형모형(Two-Level Hierarchical Linear Model, 이하 HLM)으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 성별, 사회경제문화적 배경, 협동지수는 CPS 점수를 정적으로 예측하였던 반면 학생들이 지각하는 교사의 불공평함은 CPS 점수를 부적으로 예측하였다. 둘째, 학교 밖에서 이루어지는 학습 목적의 ICT 사용빈도가 많을수록, 그리고 오락 목적의 ICT 사용빈도와 학교에서의 ICT 사용빈도가 적을수록 CPS 점수가 높았다. PISA 2015에서 최초로 측정된 ICT 태도 중 ICT에 대한 흥미가 높고 ICT 기기 사용에 대한 자율성이 높을수록 CPS 점수가 높았으며, ICT를 사회적 상호작용(SNS, 채팅)을 위한 도구로 더 중요하게 인식하고 있는 경우에는 CPS 점수가 낮았다. 셋째, 학교 수준 변수에서는 학교의 학습 분위기를 저해하는 학생 행동이 적을수록, 교사 근무환경 만족도가 높을수록, 그리고 학생 당 이용가능한 컴퓨터 수가 적을수록 CPS 점수가 높았다. 결론적으로 컴퓨터 기반의 협력적 문제해결력 소양을 높이기 위해서는 학생들이 ICT에 대한 흥미나 자율성을 가질 수 있도록 조력해야 하며, 학교현장의 ICT 기기의 효과성을 높이기 위한 ICT 활용이나 SW 교육과정에 대한 지침이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

This study examined student- and school-level background and ICT factors that affected PISA 2015 Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) for Korean students (4863 students from 142 high schools). A two-level hierarchical linear model (HLM) was analyzed from the basic model (model 1) with no predictors to the final model (model 5) with all predictors. Results showed that first, gender, socioeconomic/cultural backgrounds, cooperation level positively predicted CPS scores while perceived unfairness of teacher negatively predicted the outcome. Second, the more frequently ICT was used for out-of-school learning purposes, the less frequently ICT was used for entertainment purposes, and the less frequently ICT was used in schools, the higher CPS scores were. Considering ICT autonomy and social interaction variables measured for the first time in PISA 2015, students who were more interested in ICT and more autonomous in using ICT devices achieved higher CPS scores. On the other hand, the more students considered ICT important as social interaction, the less they gained CPS scores. Third, in terms of school-level characteristics, the smaller the students behavior detrimental to learning, the higher the teachers perceived positive working environment, and the fewer the number of computers available per student, the higher CPS scores were. To facilitate computer-based collaborative problem-solving competence, it is important for students to have interest and autonomy in using ICT. In addition, the guidelines of ICT use and SW curriculum need to be established in order to increase the effectiveness of using ICT device in school.

키워드

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