참고문헌
- Hollinshed W : Anatomy for surgeons: the head and neck, Lippincott, 1982.
- Iwasaki T, Hayasaki H, Yamasaki Y, et al. : Oropharyngeal airway in children with Class III malocclusion evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 136:318, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.04.010
- Tomes CS : On the developmental origin of the V-shaped contracted maxilla. Monthly Rev Dent Surg, 1:2-5, 1872.
- Trenouth MJ, Timms DJ : Relationship of the functional oropharynx to craniofacial morphology. Angle Orthod, 69:419-423, 1999.
- Lee MJ, Kim JG, Yang YM, Baik BJ : Effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal morphology. J Korean Acad Pediatr Dent, 39:339-347, 2012.
- Vig KW : Nasal obstruction and facial growth: the strength of evidence for clinical assumptions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 113:603-611, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(98)70219-7
- Martin O, Muelas L, Vinas MJ : Nasopharyngeal cephalometric study of ideal occlusions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 130:436, 2006.
- Johnston CD, Richardson A : Cephalometric changes in adult pharyngeal morphology. Eur J Orthod, 21:357-362, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/21.4.357
- Kluemper GT, Vig PS, Vig KW : Nasorespiratory characteristics and craniofacial morphology. Eur J Orthod, 17:491-495, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/17.6.491
- Rasmus RL, Jacobs RM : Mouth breathing and malocclusion: quantitative technique for measurement of oral and nasal air-flow velocities. Angle Orthod, 39:296-302, 1969.
- Linder-Aronson S : Effects of adenoidectomy on dentition and nasopharynx. Am J Orthod, 65:1-15, 1974. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(74)90153-5
- Woodside DG, Linder-Aronson S : The channelization of upper and lower anterior face heights compared to population standard in males between ages 6 to 20 years. Eur J Orthod, 1:25-40, 1979. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/1.1.25
- Solow B, Greve E : Craniocervical angulation and nasal respiratory resistance. In: McNamara JA Jr ed. Nasorespiratory function and craniofacial growth. Monograph, 9:87-119, 1979.
- Mergen DC, Jacobs RM : The size of nasopharynx associated with normal occlusion and Class II malocclusion. Angle Orthod, 40:342-346, 1970.
- Kirjavainen M, Kirjavainen T : Upper airway dimensions in Class II malocclusion: effects of headgear treatment. Angle Orthod, 77:1046-1053, 2007. https://doi.org/10.2319/081406-332
- de Freitas MR, Alcazar NM, Henriques JF, et al. : Upper and lower pharyngeal airways in subjects with Class I and Class II malocclusions and different growth patterns. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 130:742-745, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.01.033
- Ceylan I, Oktay H : A study on the pharyngeal size in different skeletal patterns. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 108:69-75, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(95)70068-4
- Arens R, McDonough JM, Pack AI, et al. : Linear dimensions of the upper airway structure during development: assessment by magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 165:117-122, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.165.1.2107140
- Condos R, Norman RG, Rapoport DM, et al. : Flow limitation as a noninvasive assessment of residual upper-airway resistance during continuous positive airway pressure therapy of obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 150:475-480, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.150.2.8049832
- Riley R, Guilleminault C, Herran J, Powell N : Cephalometric analyses and flow-volume loops in obstructive sleep apnea patients. Sleep, 6:303-311, 1983. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/6.4.303
- Bohlman ME, Haponik EF, Goldman SM, et al. : CT demonstration of pharyngeal narrowing in adult obstructive sleep apnea. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 140:543-548, 1983. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.140.3.543
- Meredith GM 2nd : Surgical reduction of hypertrophied inferior turbinates: a comparison of electrofulguration and partial resection. Plast Reconstr Surg, 81:891-897, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198806000-00010
- Potsic WP, Marsh RR, Fairbanks D, Fujita S : Snoring and obstructive sleep apnea in children. Snoring Obstructive Sleep Apnea, 245-257, 1987.
- Hussels W, Nanda RS : Analysis of factors affecting angle ANB. Am J Orthod, 85:411-423, 1984. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(84)90162-3
- Ishikawa H, Nakamura S, Iwasaki H, Kitazawa S : Seven parameters describing anteroposterior jaw relationships: postpubertal prediction accuracy and interchangeability. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 117:714-720, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(00)70181-8
- Kim YJ, Hong JS, Hwang YI, Park YH : Three-dimensional analysis of pharyngeal airway in preadolescent children with different anteroposterior skeletal patterns. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 137:306, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.10.026
- Oh KM, Hong JS, Park YH, et al. : Three-dimensional analysis of pharyngeal airway form in children with anteroposterior facial patterns. Angle Orthod, 81:1075-1082, 2011. https://doi.org/10.2319/010711-8.1
- Alves PVM, Zhao L, Bolognese AM, et al. : Three-dimensional cephalometric study of upper airway space in skeletal class II and III healthy patients. J Craniofac Surg, 19:1497-1507, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0b013e31818972ef
- Meredith GM : The airway and dentofacial development. Ear Nose Throat J, 66:190-195, 1987.
- Balters W : Extrait de technique du Bionator. Rev Franc Odontostomat, 11:191-212, 1964.
- Kim YJ, Bok GS, Pack YH, et al. : The relationship between upper airway width and facial growth changes in orthodontic treatment of growing children. Korean J Orthod, 39:168-176, 2009. https://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2009.39.3.168