References
- G. P. Dransfield, Inorganic sunscreens, Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry, 91, 271-273 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a033216
- C. Antoniou, M. G. Kosmadaki, A. J. Stratigos, and A. D. Katsambas, Sunscreens - what's important to know, J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol., 22, 1110-1118 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2007.02580.x
- E. Toutiou and B Godin, Skin nonpenetrating sunscreens for cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations, Clin. Dermatol., 26, 375-379 (2008).
-
T. Uchino, H. Tokunaga, M. Ando, and H. Utsumi, Quantitative determination of OH radical generation and its cytotoxicity induced by
$TiO_2$ UVA treatment. Toxicol. in Vitro., 16(5), 629-635 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0887-2333(02)00041-3 -
K. Pierzchala, M. Lekka, A. Magrez, A. J. Kulik, L. Forro, and A. Sienkiewicz, Photocatalytic and phototoxic properties of
$TiO_{2-}$ based nanofilaments: ESR and AFM assays, Nanotoxicology, 6, 813-824 (2012). https://doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2011.625129 - E. Gilbert, F. Pirot, V. Bertholle, L. Roussel, F. Falson, and F. Padois, Commonly used UV filter toxicity on biological functions: review of last decade studies, Int. J. Cosmet. Sci., 35, 208-219 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12030
- V. Sharma, S. K. Singh, D. Anderson, D. J. Tobin, and A. Dhawan, Zinc oxide nanoparticle induced genotoxicity in primary human epidermal keratinocytes, J Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 11(5), 3782-3788 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2011.4250
- H. C. Bae, H. J. Ryu, S. H. Jeong, E. Y. Lee, Y. H. Park, K. G. Lee, B. H. Choi, E. H. Maeng, M. K. Kim, and S. W. Son, Oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by ZnO nanoparticles in HaCaT cells, Mol. Cell. Toxicol., 7, 333-337 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13273-011-0042-9
- S. Yabea and T. Satob, Cerium oxide for sunscreen cosmetics, J. Solid State Chem., 171, 7-11 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4596(02)00139-1
- L. Truffault, B. Winton, B. Choquenet, C. Andreazza, C. Simmonard, T. Devers, K. Konstantinov, C. Couteau, and L. J. M. Coiffard, Cerium oxide based particles as possible alternative to ZnO in sunscreens: Effect of the synthesis method on the photoprotection results, Mater. Lett., 68, 357-360 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2011.10.108
- T. Herrling, M. Seifert, and K. Jung, Cerium dioxide: Future UV-filter in sunscreen, SOFW J., 139, 10-14 (2013).
- F. Caputo, M. D. Nicola, A. Sienkiewicz, A. Giovanetti, I. Bejarano, S. Licoccia, E. Traversa, and L. Ghibelli, Cerium oxide nanoparticles, combining antioxidant and UV shielding properties, prevent UV-induced cell damage and mutagenesis, Nanoscale, 7, 15643-15656 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/C5NR03767K
- S. Das, J. M. Dowding, K. E. Klump, J. F. McGinnis, W. Self, and S. Seal, Cerium oxide nanoparticles: Applications and prospects in nanomedicine, Nanomedicine, 8, 1483-1508 (2013). https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm.13.133
-
I. Celardo, M. D. Nicola, C. Mandoli, J. Z. Pedersen, E. Traversa, and L. Ghibelli,
$Ce^{3+}$ ions determine redox-dependent anti-apoptotic effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles, ACS Nano, 5(6), 4537-4549 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1021/nn200126a - I. Celardo, E. Traversa, and L. Ghibelli, Cerium oxide nanoparticles: a promise for applications in therapy, J. Exp. Ther. Oncol., 9(1), 47-51 (2011).
- T. Fujimoto, Cerium oxide shielding material for ultraviolet, blue, and near-infrared light, IFSCC Conference, September 21-23, Zurich, Switzerland (2015).
- Y. Nakashima, S. Ohta, and A. M. Wolf, Blue light-induced oxidative stress in live skin, Free Radic. Biol. Med., 108, 300-310 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.010
- B. F. Godley, F. A. Shamsi, F. Q. Liang, S. G. Jarrett, S. Davies, and M. Boulton, Blue light induces mitochondrial DNA damage and free radical production in epithelial cells, J. Biol. Chem., 280(22), 21061-21066 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M502194200
- C. Opländer, S. Hidding, F. B. Werners, M. Born, N. Pallua, and C. V. Suschek, Effects of blue light irradiation on human dermal fibroblasts, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 103(2), 118-125 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.02.018
- L. Duteli, N. Cardot-Leccia, C. Queille-Roussel, Y. Maubert, Y. Harmelin, F. Boukari, D. Ambrosetti, J. P. Lacour, and T. Passeron, Differences in visible light-induced pigmentation according to wavelengths: A clinical and histological study in comparison with UVB exposure, Pigment Cell Melanoma Res., 27(5), 822-826 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1111/pcmr.12273
- G. Tosini, I. Ferguson, and K. Tsubota, Effects of blue light on the circadian system and eye physiology, Mol. Vis., 22, 61-72 (2016).
- P. Stamatkis, B. R. Palmer, and G. C. Salzman, Optimal particle size of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide for attenuation of ultraviolet radiation, J. Coat. Technol., 62, 95-98 (1990).
-
K. M Tyner, A. M. Wokovich, D. E. Godar, W. H. Doub, and N. Sadrieh, The state of nano-sized titanium dioxide (
$TiO_2$ ) may affect sunscreen performance, Int. J. Cosmet. Sci., 33(3), 234-44 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2494.2010.00622.x - K. Y. Kim and S. B. Park, Photocatalytic activity of anatase titania particles of controlled size prepared in an aerosol reactor, Korean Chem. Eng. Res., 36(1), 116-119 (1998).
- T. A. Egerton and I. R. Tooley, UV absorption and scattering properties of inorganic-based sunscreens, Int. J. Cosmet. Sci., 34, 117-122 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2494.2011.00689.x
- T. A. Egerton, UV absorption-the primary process in photocatalysis and some practical consequences, Molecules, 19(11), 18192-18214 (2014). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules191118192
-
A. P. Popov, J. Lademann, A. V. Priezzhev, and R. Myllyla, Effect of size of
$TiO_2$ nanoparticles embedded into stratum corneum on ultraviolet-A and ultraviolet-B sun-blocking properties of the skin, J. Biomed. Opt., 10, 1-9 (2005). - K. Tanno, Current status of the mechanofusion process for producing composites particles, Kona, 8, 74-82 (1990). https://doi.org/10.14356/kona.1990014
- M. Larsson, A. Hill, and J. Duffy, Suspension stability; why particle size: zeta potential and rheology are important, Annu. Trans. Nord. Rheol. Soc., 20, 209-214 (2012).
- R. Konstance, C. Onwulata, and V. Holsinger, Flow properties of spray-dried encapsulated butteroil, J. Food Sci., 60(4), 841-844 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb06243.x