The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy (대한지역사회작업치료학회지)

Korean Society of Community Based Occupational Therapy Association (대한지역사회작업치료학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study of EEG and Melatonin in Plasma According to Exercise Type in Elderly with Sleep Disorder

수면장애 노인의 운동유형별 뇌파와 혈 중 멜라토닌 농도 비교

  • Kim, Dong-Hyun (Dept. of Occupational Therapy, Gimcheon University) ;
  • Kim, Souk-Boum (Dept. of Occupational Therapy, Cheju Halla University)
  • 김동현 (김천대학교 작업치료학과) ;
  • 김석범 (제주한라대학교 작업치료학과)
  • Received : 2018.07.31
  • Accepted : 2018.08.22
  • Published : 2018.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective : Sleep disorder caused by stress or disease to elderly currently. We tried to make clear constant exercise according to exercise intensity would have effect on sleep disorder in elderly using EEG and melatonin. Methods : Thirty subjects were over 65 years old who lived a senior facility in some parts. They were able to communicate and understand the purpose of the study. They also expressed their intension to participate actively in experiment. They should have alert consciousness and orientation about time, place, and people. Sleep disorder was assessed via below 6 hr total sleep time and Pittsburge Sleep Quality Index, which was satisfied with both of criterion at the same time. Exercises composed of low intensity walking, moderate aerobic exercise, and high intensity resistance strength. We used QEEG 8-System (LAXTHA Inc. KOREA) to check wave type and Polysomnograpy (Compumedics, Australia) to test quality of sleep. and Histologic features were observed by TTC (triphenyltetrazolium chloride) staining and H & E (Hematoxylin & Eosin) staining. Results : There was a significant sleep index and change of melatonin after aerobic exercise. There was a significant SOL, S1, S2, and SWS in aerobic exercise, but there was a significant SWS in walking and resistance strength. There was a significant change of delta wave especially in frontal and temporal region between exercises. Conclusion : They had different effects according to type of exercise, when elderly who have chemical, behavioral change of circadian rhythms did exercise consistently. Aerobic exercise had more effect on sleep disorder than other exercise. Therefore, we may supply proper exercise to elderly and high quality of life.

목적 : 수면장애는 노인에게 있어 다양한 이유로 빈발하고 있다. 이러한 노인의 수면장애에서 운동 강도에 따른 지속적인 운동습관이 수면장애의 치료적 효과를 줄 수 있는지를 밝히기 위해서 뇌파와 멜라토닌의 농도를 이용한 과학적인 방법으로 접근하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 연구방법 : 일부지역의 노인시설에 거주하는 65세 이상의 노인 30명을 대상으로 하였다. 수면장애의 판단은 수면시간 6시간 이하의 경우(Kozier et al, 2004)와 PSQI(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index)의 점수를 동시에 만족하는 경우로 정하였다. 운동유형별 적용은 저강도의 걷기운동, 중강도의 유산소 운동, 고강도의 저항성 근력운동을 적용하였으며 측정도구는 뇌파에서 파형을 체크하기 위하여 QEEG 8-System(LAXTHA Inc. KOREA) 기기와 수면의 질을 검사하기 위해서 수면다원검사에 사용하는 Polysomnograpy (Compumedics, Australia) 기기를 사용하였다. 그리고 TTC(triphenyltetrazolium chloride) 염색과 H & E(Hematoxylin & Eosin) 염색을 통해 조직학적 양상을 관찰하였다. 결과 : 중강도의 유산소 운동 후에 멜라토닌의 농도와 뇌파로 측정한 수면지수에는 긍정적인 유의미한 변화가 있었다. 중강도의 유산소 운동에서는 SWS가 저강도, 고강도 운동보다 유의한 효과가 있었고 SWS의 관찰지표인 델타파의 유의한 변화가 있었다. 결론 : 인체의 일주기성 리듬의 생화학적, 행동학적 기능에 변화를 가져오는 노인에게서 수면장애에 대한 지속적인 운동은 운동의 유형에 따라 효과가 다름을 알 수 있었고 특히 유산소 운동이 다른 운동보다 노인 수면장애에 효과가 크다는 것을 멜라토닌의 농도와 뇌파를 통하여 알 수 있었다. 노인에게 맞춤형 운동을 제공하여 노인들의 삶의 질에 유용하고 건강한 말년을 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. Bliwise D. L., Foley D. J., Vitiello M. V., Ansari F. P., Ancoli-Israel, S., Walsh, J. K. (2009). Nocturia and disturbed sleep in the elderly. Sleep Medicine, 10, 540-548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2008.04.002
  2. Claustrat, B., Brun, J., Chazot, G. (2005). The basic physiology and pathophysiology of melatonin. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 9, 11-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2004.08.001
  3. Davis J. M. (1993). Effects of serotonin agonist during prolonged exercise to fatigue in humans. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 25, S78.
  4. Edinger J. D., Morey M. C., Sullivan R. J., et al. (1993). Aerobic fitness, acute exercise and sleep in older men. Sleep, 16(4), 351-359. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/16.4.351
  5. Escames, G., Ozturk, G., Bano-Otalora, B., et al. (2012). Exercise and melatonin in humans: reciprocal benefits. Journal of Pineal Research, 52, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.2011.00924.x
  6. Fullerton, D. S. (2006). The economic impact of insomnia in managed care: a clearer pictureemerges. American Journal of Managed Care, 12(Suppl 8), S246-252.
  7. Kim J. K. (1999). The Effects of Serotonin changes following the Exercise timing on Melatonin secretion and Sleep Quality. Department of Physical Education The Graduate School Yonsei University.
  8. Kozier, B., Erb, G., Berman, A., Synder, S. (2004). Fundamentals of nursing; Concepts, process, and practice. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
  9. Lack, L. C., Wright, H. R. (2007). Chronobiology of sleep in humans. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences., 64, 1205-1215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-007-6531-2
  10. Lee, W. J. (2009). A study on the cognitive behavior therapy For improvement of sleep habits on EEG pattern. Department of Biomedical Laboratory of Science, Graduate School Inje University.
  11. Pardridge, W. M., Mietus, L. J. (1980). Transport of albumin-bound melatonin through the blood-brain barrier. Journal of Neurochemistry, 34, 1761-1763. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1980.tb11272.x
  12. Prabhu, S. D. (2004). Cytokine-induced modulation of cardiac function. Circulation Research, 95, 1140-1153. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.0000150734.79804.92
  13. Reeder, C. E., Franklin, M., Bramley, T. J. (2007). Current landscape of insomnia in manated care. American Journal of Managed Care, 13(Suppl 5), S112-116.
  14. Rowe, J. W., Kahn, R. L. (1997). Successful aging. Gerontologist, 37(4), 433-440. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/37.4.433
  15. Shapiro, C. M., Driver H. S. (1998). Stress and sleep. In: Roussel B, Jouvet M(eds): Preceedings of the 27th Defence Research Group NATO colloquium: sleep and its implications for the millitary. Lyon, France: Plenum Press., 133-146.
  16. Silva de Lacerda, A. F., Janjoppi, L., Scorza, F. A., et al. (2007). Physical exercise program reverts the effects of pinealectomy on the amygdala kindling development. Brain Research Bulletin, 74, 216-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.06.011
  17. Singh, N. A., Clements, K. M., Fiatarone, M. A. (1997). A randomized controlled trial of the effect of exercise on sleep. Sleep, 20(2), 95-101. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/20.2.95
  18. Terzano, M. G., Parrino, L. (2000). Origin and Significance of the Cyclic Alternating Pattern(CAP). Sleep Medicine Reviews, 4(1), 101-123. https://doi.org/10.1053/smrv.1999.0083
  19. Torsvall, L., Akerstedt, T., Lindbeck, G. (1984). Effects on sleep stages and EEG power density of different degrees of exercise in fit subjects. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 57(4), 347-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(84)90158-5
  20. Youngstedt, S. D., O'Connor, P. J., Dishman, R. K. (1997). The effects of acute exercise on sleep: a quantitative synthesis. Sleep, 20, 203-214. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/20.3.203