Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics (한국운동역학회지)

Korean Society of Applied Biomechanics (한국운동역학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Functional Ankle Instability and Surgical Treatment on Dynamic Postural Stability and Leg Stiffness Variables during Vertical-Drop Landing

  • Jeon, Kyoung Kyu (Sport Science Institute, College of Arts and Physical Education, Incheon National University) ;
  • Kim, Kew Wan (Division of Sport Science, College of Arts and Physical Education, Incheon National University) ;
  • Ryew, Che Cheong (Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province) ;
  • Hyun, Seung Hyun (Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province)
  • Received : 2018.04.02
  • Accepted : 2018.05.29
  • Published : 2018.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of functional ankle instability (FAI) and surgical treatment (ST) on postural stability and leg stiffness during vertical-drop landing. Method: A total of 21 men participated in this study (normal [NOR]: 7, FAI: 7, ST: 7). We estimated dimensionless leg stiffness as the ratio of the peak vertical ground reaction force and the change in stance-phase leg length. Leg length was calculated as the distance from the center of the pelvis to the center of pressure under the foot. Furthermore, the analyzed variables included the loading rate and the dynamic postural stability index (DPSI; medial-lateral [ML], anterior-posterior [AP], and vertical [V]) in the initial contact phase. Results: The dimensionless leg stiffness in the FAI group was higher than that of the NOR group and the ST group (p = .018). This result may be due to a smaller change in stance-phase leg length (p = .001). DPSI (ML, AP, and V) and loading rate did not show differences according to the types of ankle instability during drop landing (p > .05). Conclusion: This study suggested that the dimensionless leg stiffness was within the normal range in the ST group, whereas it was increased by the stiffness of the legs rather than the peak vertical force during vertical-drop landing in the FAI group. Identifying these potential differences may enable clinicians to assess ankle instability and design rehabilitation protocols specific for the impairment.

Keywords

References

  1. Arampatzis, A., Bruggemann, G. P. & Metzler, V. (1999). The effect of speed on leg stiffness and joint kinetics in human running. Journal of Biomechanics, 32(12), 1349-1353. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(99)00133-5
  2. Braun, B. L. (1999). Effects of ankle sprain in a general clinical population 6 to 18 months after medical evaluation. Archives of Family Medicine, 8(2), 143-148. https://doi.org/10.1001/archfami.8.2.143
  3. Brostrom, L. (1966). Surgical treatment of chronic ligament ruptures. Acta Chir Scand, 61, 354-361.
  4. Brown, C., Ross, S., Mynark, R. & Guskiewicz, K. (2004). Assessing functional ankle instability with joint position sense, time to stabilization, and electromyography. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 13(2), 122-134. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.13.2.122
  5. Bullimore, S. R. & Burn, J. F. (2006). Consequences of forward translation of the point of force application for the mechanics of running. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 238(1), 211-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.05.011
  6. Button, G. & Pinney, S. (2004). A meta-analysis fo outcome rating scales in foot and ankle surgery: Is there a valid, reliable, and responsive system?. Foot & Ankle Onternational, 25(8), 521-525. https://doi.org/10.1177/107110070402500802
  7. Caulfield, B. M. & Garrett, M. (2002). Functional instability of the ankle: differences in patterns of ankle and knee movement prior to and post landing in a single leg jump. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 23(01), 64-68. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-19272
  8. Caulfield, B. & Garrett, M. (2004). Changes in ground reaction force during jump landing in subjects with functional instability of the ankle joint. Clinical Biomechanics, 19(6), 617-621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2004.03.001
  9. Cheung, R. T. & Rainbow, M. J. (2014). Landing pattern and vertical loading rates during first attempt of barefoot running in habitual shod runners. Human Movement Science, 34, 120-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2014.01.006
  10. Coetzee, J. C., Ellington, J. K., Ronan, J. A. & Stone, R. M. (2018). Functional results of open brostrom ankle ligament repair augmented with a suture tape. Foot & Ankle International, 39(3), 304-310. https://doi.org/10.1177/1071100717742363
  11. Cook, T. M., Farrell, K. P., Carey, I. A., Gibbs, J. M. & Wiger, G. E. (1997). Effects of restricted knee flexion and walking speed on the vertical ground reaction force during gait. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 25(4), 236-244. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1997.25.4.236
  12. Cornwall, M. W. & Murrell, P. (1995). Postural sway following inversion sprain of the ankle. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 81(5), 243-247.
  13. Delahunt, E., Monaghan, K. & Caulfield, B. (2006). Changes in lower limb kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity in subjects with functional instability of the ankle joint during a single leg drop jump. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 24(10), 1991-2000. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.20235
  14. Delp, S. L., Loan, J. P., Hoy, M. G., Zajac, F. E., Topp, E. L. & Rosen, J. M. (1990). An interactive graphics-based model of the lower extremeity to study orthopaedic surgical procedures. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 37(8), 757-767. https://doi.org/10.1109/10.102791
  15. Demeritt, K. M., Shultz, S. J., Docherty, C. L., Gansneder, B. M. & Perrin, D. H. (2002). Chronic ankle instability does not affect lower extremity functional performance. Journal of Athletic Training, 37(4), 507-511.
  16. Diss, C. E. (2001). The reliability of kinetic and kinematic variables used to analyse normal running gait. Gait & Posture, 14(2), 98-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(01)00125-4
  17. Donelan, J. M. & Kram, R. (2000). Exploring dynamic similarity in human running using simulated reduced gravity. Journal of Experimental Biology, 203(16), 2405-2415.
  18. Dutto, D. J. & Smith, G. A. (2002). Changes in spring-mass characteristics during treadmill running to exhaustion. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(8), 1324-1331. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200208000-00014
  19. Fry, A. C., Smith, C. & Schilling, B. K. (1992). Effect of knee position of hip and knee torques during the barbell squat. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,17(4), 629-633. https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200311000-00001
  20. Farley, C. T., Glasheen, J. & McMahon, T. A. (1993). Running springs: speed and animal size. Journal of Experimental Biology, 185(1), 71-86.
  21. Farley, C. T. & Gonzalez, O. (1996). Leg stiffness and stride frequency in human running. Journal of Biomechanics, 29(2), 181-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(95)00029-1
  22. Fujimaki, Y., Miyawaki, M., Thorhauer, E., Prisk, V. & Tashman, S. (2013). In vivo kinematics of the ankle during gait following reconstruction for chronic ankle instability. The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, 29(10), 65-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2013.07.054
  23. Garrick, J. G. (1977). The frequency of injury, mechanism of injury, and epidemiology of ankle sprains. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 5(6), 241-242. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354657700500606
  24. Gaulfield, B. & Garrett, M. (2004). Changes in ground reaction force during jump landing in subjects with functional instability of the ankle joint. Clinical Biomechanics, 19(6), 617-621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2004.03.001
  25. Gerber, J. P., Williams, G. N., Scovile, C. R., Arciero, R. A. & Taylor, D. C. (1998). Persistent disability associated with ankle sprains: a prospective examination of an athletic population. Foot & Ankle International, 19(10), 653-660. https://doi.org/10.1177/107110079801901002
  26. Grimston, S. K., Engsberg, J. R., Kloiber, R. & Hanley, D. A. (1991). Bone mass, external loads, and stress fracture in female runners. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 7(3), 293-302. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.7.3.293
  27. Gross, P. & Marti, B. (1999). Risk of degenerative ankle joint disease in volleyball players: study of former elite athletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 20(1), 58-63. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-971094
  28. Hargrave, M. D., Carcia, C. R., Gansneder, B. M. & Shultz, S. J. (2003). Subtalar pronation does not influence impact forces or rate of loading during a single-leg landing. Journal of Athletic Training, 38(1), 18.
  29. Harrington, K. D. (1979). Degenerative arthritis of the ankle secondary to long-standing lateral ligament instability. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 61(3), 356-361.
  30. Hennig, E. M. & Lafortune, M. A. (1991). Relationships between ground reaction force and tibial bone acceleration parameters. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 7(3), 303-309. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.7.3.303
  31. Hertel, J. (2002). Functional anatomy, pathomechanics, and pathophysiology of lateral ankle instability. Journal of Athletic Training, 37(4), 364-375.
  32. Hotman, J. M., Dick, R. & Agel, J. (2007). Epidemiology of collegiate injuries for 12 sports: Summary and recommendations for injury prevention initiatives. Journal of Athletic Training, 42(2), 311-319.
  33. Hubbard-Turner, T. & Turner, M. J. (2015). Physical activity levels in college students with chronic ankle instability. Journal of Athletic Training, 50(7), 742-747. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-50.3.05
  34. Hyun, S. H. & Ryew, C. C. (2014). Investigation of the ground reaction force parameters according to the shoe's heel heights and landing distance during downward stairs on bus. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 24(2), 151-160. https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2014.24.2.151
  35. Hyun, S. H. & Ryew, C. C. (2016). Relationship between dimensionless leg stiffness and kinetic variables during gait performance, and its modulation with body weight. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 26(3), 249-255. https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2016.26.3.249
  36. Hyun, S. H. & Ryew, C. C. (2017). Relationship between leg stiffness and kinematic variables according to the load while running. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 27(2), 109-116. https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2017.27.2.109
  37. Johnson, M. B. & Johnson, C. L. (1993). Electromyographic response of peroneal muscles in surgical and nonsurgical injured ankles during sudden inversion. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 18(3), 497-501. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1993.18.3.497
  38. Karlsson, J., Bergsten, T., Lansinger, O. & Peterson, L. (1989). Surgical treatment of chronic lateral instability of the ankle joint. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 17(2), 268-274. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354658901700220
  39. Karlsson, J., Bergsten, T., Lansinger, O., & Peterson, L. (1988). Reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankle for chronic lateral instability. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 70(4), 581-588. https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-198870040-00015
  40. Kerdok, A. E., Biewener, A. A., McMahon, T. A., Weyand, P. G. & Herr, H. M. (2002). Energetics and mechanics of human running on surfaces of different stiffnesses. Journal of Applied Physiology, 92(2), 469-478. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01164.2000
  41. Konradsen, L., Voigt, M. & Hojsgaard, C. (1997). The role of the dynamic defense mechanism. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 25(1), 54-58. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354659702500110
  42. Krips, R., van Dijk, C. N., Lehtonen, H., Halasi, T. & Moyen, B. (2002). Sports activity level after surgical treatment for chronic anterolateral ankle instability. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 30(1), 13-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465020300010801
  43. Kuitunen, S., Komi, P. V. & Kyrolainen, H. (2002). Knee and ankle joint stiffness in sprint running. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(1), 166-173. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200201000-00025
  44. Lofvengerg, R., Karrholm, J., Sundelin, G. & Ahlgren, O. (1995). Prolonged reaction time in patients with chronic lateral instability of the ankle. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 23(4), 414-417. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354659502300407
  45. McKay, G. D., Goldie, P. A., Payne, W. R. & Oakes, B. W. (2001). Ankle injuries in basketball: injury rate and risk factors. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(2), 103-108. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.35.2.103
  46. McMahon, T. A. & Cheng, G. C. (1990). The mechanics of running: how does stiffness couple with speed?. Journal of Biomechanics, 23, 65-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(90)90042-2
  47. McNitt-Gray, J. L. (1991). Kinematics and impulse characteristics of drop landings from three heights. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 7(2), 201-224. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.7.2.201
  48. Munn, J., Beard, D. J., Refshauge, K. M. & Lee, R. W. Y. (2002). Do functional-performance tests detect impairment in subjects with ankle instability. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 11(1), 40-50. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.11.1.40
  49. Plagenhoef, S. C., Evans, F. G. & Abdelnour, T. (1983). Anatomical data for analyzing human motion. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 54(2), 632-635.
  50. Pohl, M. B., Hamill, J. & Davis, I. S. (2009). Biomechanical and anatomic factors associated with a history of plantar fasciitis in female runners. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 19(5), 372-376. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0b013e3181b8c270
  51. Power, C. M. (2003). The influence of altered lower-extremity kinematics on patellofemoral joint dysfunction: A theoretical perspective. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 33(11), 639-646. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2003.33.11.639
  52. Richie, D. H. (2001). Functional instability of the ankle and the role of neuromuscular control: A comprehensive review. The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 40(4), 240-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1067-2516(01)80025-9
  53. Rodriguez-Merchan, E. C. (2012). Chronic ankle instability: diagnosis and treatment. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, 132(2), 211-219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-011-1421-3
  54. Ross, S. E. & Guskiewicz, K. M. (2004). Examination of static and dynamic postural stability in individuals with functionally stable and unstable ankles. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 14(6), 332-338. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042752-200411000-00002
  55. Seegmiller, J. G. & McCaw, S. T. (2003). Ground reaction force among gymnasts and recreational athletes in drop landings. Journal of Athletic Training, 38(4), 311-314.
  56. Seyfarth, A., Geyer, H., Gunther, M. & Blickhan, R. (2002). A movement criterion for running. Journal of Biomechanics, 35(5), 649-655. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(01)00245-7
  57. Silder, A., Besier, T. & Delp, S. (2015). Running with a load increase leg stiffness. Journal of Biomechanics, 48(6), 1003-1008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.01.051
  58. Smith, R. & Reischl, S. F. (1986). Treatment of ankle sprains in young athletes. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 14(6), 465-471. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354658601400606
  59. Stefanyshyn, D. J. & Nigg, B. M. (1998). Dynamic angular stiffness of the ankle joint during running and sprinting. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 14(3), 292-299. https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.14.3.292
  60. Thonnard, J. L., Bragard, D., Willems, P. A. & Plaghki, L. (1996). Stability of the braced ankle. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 24(3), 356-361. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354659602400318
  61. Tropp, H., Odenrick, P. & Gillquist, J. (1985). Stabilometry recordings in functional and mechanical instability of the ankle joint. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 6(3), 180-182. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1025836
  62. Wikstrom, E. A., Tillman, M. D., Smith, A. N. & Borsa, P. A. (2005). A new force-plate technology measure of dynamic postural stability: the dynamic postural stability index. Journal of Athletic Training, 40(4), 305-309.
  63. Wilkerson, G. B. & Nitz, A. J. (1994). Dynamic ankle stability: mechanical and neuromuscular interrelationships. Human Kinetics Journals, 3(1), 43-57.
  64. Worrell, T. W., Booher, L. D. & Hench, K. M. (1994). Closed kinetic chain assessment following inversion ankle sprain. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 3(3), 197-203. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.3.3.197
  65. Wright, I. C., Neptune, R. R., van den Bogert, A. J. & Nigg, B. M. (2000). The influence of foot positioning on ankle sprains. Journal of Biomechanics, 33(5), 513-519. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(99)00218-3