DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Changes of Berry Characteristics and Ginsenoside Content Depending on Collection Time of Korean Ginseng Berry

고려인삼 열매채취시기에 따른 열매형질 및 진세노사이드 함량 변화

  • Yi, Eun Seob (Gyeonggi Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Kim, Yeon Ju (Korean Ginseng center and Ginseng Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • An, Young Nam (Gyeonggi Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Han, Jeong A (Gyeonggi Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Cho, Chang Hui (Gyeonggi Agricultural Research and Extension Services)
  • Received : 2018.05.14
  • Accepted : 2018.06.22
  • Published : 2018.06.30

Abstract

Background: This study was carried out to determine the best time for collecting ginseng berries without reducing the ginsenoside-Re content of ginseng roots, which are used as food, medicine, or cosmetic materials. Methods and Results: The test variety of ginseng used in this study was is Chunpung, which was collected from a 4-year-old ginseng field. Ginseng berries were collected at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, and 56 days after flowering. The number of berry bunches per $1.62m^2$ ranged from 43.4 to 61.4, while the weight of berries per $1.62m^2$ was the greatest when they were collected 49 days after flowering. The root fresh weight per $1.62m^2$ was increased by 0.21 - 1.00 kg compared with that before the test, but root weight gain was decreased as the berry collection time was delayed. Total ginsenoside content of 4-year-old ginseng was the highest when berries were collected 7 days after flowering, while the ginsenoside-Re contents was the highest when collection was done 14 days after flowering. Conclusions: The most suitable period for ginseng berry collection was proposed to be from 14 to 21 days after flowering, as this is when the content of ginsenoside-Re, which is useful as a medicinal or cosmetic material, is still high and the ginseng root has not yet decreased in weight.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn SD, Kwon WS, Chung CM and Son ER. (1986). Study on the optimum time of seed production and development of embryo in Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Korean Journal of Crop Science. 31:123-128.
  2. Attele AS, Zhou YP, Xie JT, Wu IA, Zhang L, Dey L, Pugh W, Rue PA, Polonsky KS and Yuan CS. (2002). Antidiabetic effects of Panax ginseng berry extract and the identification of an effective component. Diabetes. 51:1851-1858. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.6.1851
  3. Choi SY, Cho CW, Lee YM, Kim SS, Lee SH and Kim KT. (2012). Comparison of ginsenoside and phenolic ingredient contents in hydroponically-cultivated ginseng leaves, fruits, and roots. Journal of Ginseng Research. 36:425-429. https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2012.36.4.425
  4. Gyeonggido Agricuture Research and Extention Services (GARES). (2010). 2009 Research report. Gyeonggido Agricuture Research and Extention Services. Daegu, Korea. p.745-770.
  5. Ha YJ, Yoo SK and Kim MR. (2016). Process optimization of ginseng berry extract fermentation by Lactobacillus sp. strain KYH isolated from fermented Kimchi and product analysis. Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life. 26:88-98. https://doi.org/10.17495/easdl.2016.2.26.1.88
  6. Hong JT, Nam YM, Kim SJ and Ko SK. (2016). The change of ginsenoside composition in ginseng berry extract by the ultrasonication process. Yakhak Hoeji. 60:58-63. https://doi.org/10.17480/psk.2016.60.2.58
  7. Huang YC, Chen CT, Chen SC, Lai PH, Liang HC, Chang Y, Yu LC and Sung HW. (2005). A natural compound (ginsenoside Re) isolated from Panax ginseng as a novel angiogenic agent for tissue regeneration. Pharmaceutical Research. 22:636-646. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-005-2500-3
  8. Jeon JM, Kim SK, Kim YJ, Jang SJ, Cheon JW and Lee JW. (2011). Antioxidant and antiaging effect of ginseng berry extract fermented by lactic acid bacteria. Journal of the Society of Cosmetics Scientists of Korea. 37:75-81.
  9. Kim HB, Lim KH, Kim CW, Kim BS, Rho YS, Kwon JK, Kim SH, Ejaz S and Kim JH. (2011). Influence of ginsenoside-Re against myocardial infarction in isolated heart. Molecular and Cellular Toxicology. 7:15-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13273-011-0003-3
  10. Kim JK, Kim BS, Park CW, Seo DB, Yoo HR and Lee SJ. (2010). Effect of ginseng-berry extract on the improvement of blood microcirculation and skin brightness. Korean Journal of Oriental Physiology and Pathology. 24:85-90.
  11. Kim ST, Kim HJ, Jang SK, Lee DI and Joo SS. (2013). Establishment of optimal fermentation conditions for steam-dried ginseng berry via friendly bacteria and its antioxdant activites. Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology. 45:77-83. https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2013.45.1.77
  12. Lee KW, Jung SY, Choi SM and Yang EJ. (2012). Effects of ginsenoside Re on LPS-induced inflammatory mediators in BV2 microglial cells. BMC Complementary and Alterative Medicine. 12:196. https://bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6882-12-196 (cited by 2018 Jan15).
  13. Lee YJ, Jin YR, Lim WC, Ji SM, Cho JY, Ban JJ and Lee SK. (2003). Ginsenoside Rc and Re stimulate c-Fos expression in MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell. Archives of Pharmacal Research. 26:53-57. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03179932
  14. Lim KH, Lim DJ and Kim JH. (2013). Ginsenoside-Re ameliorates ischemia and reperfusion injury in the heart: A hemodynamics approach. Journal of Ginseng Research. 37:283-292. https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2013.37.283
  15. Park EY, Kim HJ, Kim YK, Park SU, Choi JE and Cha JY and Jun HS. (2013). Increase in insulin secretion induced by Panax ginseng berry extracts contributes to the amelioration of hyperglycemia in streptozotocininduced diabetic mice. Journal of Ginseng Research. 35:153-160.
  16. Wang CZ, Zhang B, Song WX, Wang A, Ni M, Luo X, Aung HH, Xie JT, Tong R, He TC and Yuan CS. (2006). Steamed American ginseng berry: Ginsenoside analyses and anticancer activities. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 54:9936-9942. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf062467k
  17. Xie JT, Du GJ, McEntee E, Aung HH, He H, Mehendale SR, Wang CZ and Yuan CS. (2011). Effect of triterpenoid glycosides from fresh ginseng berry on SW480 human colorectal cancer cell line. Cancer Research and Treatment. 43:49-55. https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2011.43.1.49
  18. Xie JT, Wang CZ, Ni M, Wu AJ, Mehendale SR, Aung HH, Foo A and Yuan CS. (2007). American ginseng berry juice intake reduces blood glucose and body weight in ob/ob mice. Journal of Food Science. 72:590-594. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00481.x
  19. Yeom MH, Lee JY, Kim JS, Park CW, Kim DH and Kim HK. (2010). The anti-aging effects of Korean ginseng berry in the skin. Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy. 41:26-30.