DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

수확시기에 따른 새싹삼의 부위별 생육 및 Ginsenoside 함량 변화

Growth and Ginsenoside Content in Different Parts of Ginseng Sprouts Depending on Harvest Time

  • 장인배 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 인삼특작부) ;
  • 유진 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 인삼특작부) ;
  • 서수정 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 인삼특작부) ;
  • 장인복 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 인삼특작부) ;
  • 권기범 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 인삼특작부)
  • Jang, In Bae (Department of Herbal Crop Research, NIHHS, RDA) ;
  • Yu, Jin (Department of Herbal Crop Research, NIHHS, RDA) ;
  • Suh, Su Jeoung (Department of Herbal Crop Research, NIHHS, RDA) ;
  • Jang, In Bok (Department of Herbal Crop Research, NIHHS, RDA) ;
  • Kwon, Ki Beam (Department of Herbal Crop Research, NIHHS, RDA)
  • 투고 : 2018.05.14
  • 심사 : 2018.06.22
  • 발행 : 2018.06.30

초록

Background: Since the revised Ginseng Industrial Act was passed, ginseng sprouts have become a new medicinal vegetable for which there is high consumer demand. However, the existing amount of research and data on ginseng production has not kept pace with this changed reality. Methods and Results: In this study we analyzed the changes in the amounts of ginsenosides in different parts of growing ginseng sprouts during the period from when organic seedlings were planted in nursery soil until 8 weeks of cultivation had elapsed, which was when the leaves hardened. In the leaves, ginsenoside content increased 1.62 times with the panaxadiol (PD) system and 1.31 - 1.56 times with the panaxatriol (PT) system from 7 to 56 days after transplantation. During the same period, the total ginsenoside content of the stems decreased by 0.66 - 0.91 times, and those of the roots increased until the $21^{st}$ day, and then underwent steep declines. The effect of fermented press cake extract (FPCE) and tap water (TP) on the total amount of ginsenoside per plant were similar, and could be represented with the equations $y=1.4330+0.2262x-0.0008x^2$ and $y=0.9555+0.2997x-0.0031x^2$ in which y = ginsenoside content x = amount of and on the total amounts of FPCE or TP, respectively after 26.4 days, however, the difference between ginsenoside content with FPCE and TP widened. Conclusions: These results suggested that the amounts of ginsenosides in different parts of ginseng varied with the cultivation period and nutrient supply. These findings also provide fundamental data on the distribution of ginsenosides among plant parts for 2-year-old ginseng plants in the early-growth stage.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Aber JD, Goodale CL, Ollinger SV, Smith ML, Magill AH, Martin ME, Hallett RA and Stoddard JL. (2003). Is nitrogen deposition altering the nitrogen status of northeastern forests? Bioscience. 53:375-389. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0375:INDATN]2.0.CO;2
  2. Ashraf M and Orooj A. (2006). Salt stress effects on growth, ion accumulation and seed oil concentration in an arid zone traditional medicinal plant ajwain(Trachyspermum ammi [L]. Sprague). Journal of Arid Environments. 64:209-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.04.015
  3. Bloom AJ, Jackson LE and Smart DR. (1993). Root growth as a function of ammonium and nitrate in the root zone. Plant, Cell and Environment. 16:199-206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1993.tb00861.x
  4. Court WA, Reynolds LB and Hendel JG. (1996). Influence of root age on the concentration of ginsenosides of American ginseng(Panax quinquefolium). Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 76:853-855. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps96-144
  5. Eo J, Park KC and Yeon BR. (2011). Changes in soil biota affected by the application of organic materials in reclaimed upland and paddy-converted soils cultivated with Korea ginseng. Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer. 44:872-877. https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2011.44.5.872
  6. Han JS, Tak HS, Lee GS, Kim JS, Woo RJ and Choi JE. (2013). Comparison of ginsenoside content and ratio of root tissue according to root age and diameter in Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science. 21:342- 347. https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2013.21.5.342
  7. Huang C and Zhong JJ. (2013). Elicitation of ginsenoside biosynthesis in cell cultures of Panax ginseng by vanadate. Process Biochemistry. 48:1227-1234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2013.05.019
  8. Jang IB, Hyun DY, Lee SW, Kim YC, Kim JU, Park GC, Bang KH and Kim GH. (2013). Analysis of growth characteristics and physiological disorder of Korean ginseng affected by application of manure in paddy-converted field. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science. 21:380-387. https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2013.21.5.380
  9. Jang IB, Lee DY, Yu J, Park HW, Mo HS, Park KC, Hyun DY, Lee EH, Kim KH and Oh CS. (2015). Photosynthesis rates, growth, and ginsenoside contents of 2-yr-old Panax ginseng grown at different light transmission rates in a greenhouse. Journal of Ginseng Research. 39:345-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2015.03.007
  10. Jang IB, Yu J, Kweon KB and Suh SJ. (2016). Effect of controlled light environment on the growth and ginsenoside content of panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science. 24:277-283. https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2016.24.4.277
  11. Jin SH, Park JK, Nam KY, Park SN and Jung NP. (1999). Korean red ginseng saponins with low ratios of protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol saponin improve scopolamine-induced learning disability and spatial working memory in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 66:123-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00190-1
  12. Kim DH, Moon YS, Lee TH, Jung JS, Suh HW and Song DK. (2003). The inhibitory effect of ginseng saponins on the stress-induced plasma interleukin-6 level in mice. Neuroscience Letters. 353:13-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2003.08.070
  13. Kim GS, Jyun DY, Kim YO, Lee SW, Kim YC, Lee SE, Son YD, Lee MJ, Park CB, Park HK, Cha SW and Song KS. (2008). Extraction and preprocessing methods for ginsenosides analysis of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science. 16:446-454.
  14. Kim GS, Hyun DY, Kim YO, Lee SE, Kwon H, Cha SW, Park CB and Kim YB. (2010). Investigation of ginsenosides in different parts of Panax ginseng cultured by hydroponics. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 28:216-226.
  15. Kim JU, Hyun DY, Kim YC, Lee JW, Jo IC, Kim DH, Kim KH and Shon JK. (2015). Effects of salt in soil condition on chlorophyll fluorescence and physiological disorder in Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science. 23:446-453. https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2015.23.6.446
  16. Kwon TR, Harris PJC and Bourne WF. (1999). Partitioning of $Na^+$, $K^+$, proline, and total soluble sugar in relation to the salinity tolerance of Brassica juncea and Brassica rapa. Journal of the Korean Society for Horticultural Science. 40:425-430.
  17. Lee JH, Lee MG, Chio KT and Lee SS. (1996). Identification of age of cultivated ginseng(Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) based on stem vestige of rhizome. Korean Journal of Ginseng Science. 20:72-77.
  18. Lee SW, Park KC, Lee SH, Park JM, Jang IB and Kim KH. (2013). Soil chemical property and leaf mineral nutrient of ginseng cultivated in paddy field occurring leaf discoloration. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science. 21:289-295. https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2013.21.4.289
  19. Li TSC and Wardle D. (2002). Seasonal fluctuations of leaf and root weight and ginsenoside contents of 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old American ginseng plants. HortTechnology. 12:229-232.
  20. Lopez MVN, Cuadrado PGS, Ruiz-Poveda OMP, Fresno AMVD and Accame EC. (2007). Neuroprotective effect of individual ginsenosides on astrocytes primary culture. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1770:1308-1316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.06.008
  21. Lucas RE and Davis JF. (1961). Relationships between pH values of organic soils and availabilities of 12 plant nutrients. Soil Science. 92:177-182. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-196109000-00005
  22. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs(MAFRA). (2016). Enforcement regulation of Korean ginseng industry act. Article 8(Tillage method and guidance). Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. Sejong, Korea. p.169-175.
  23. National Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (NIAST). (2012). Methods of soil chemical analysis. National Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Technology. Rural Development Adminstration. Suwon, Korea. p.16-770.
  24. Navetiyal RC, Ravindra V and Joshi YC. (1989). Germination and early seedling growth of some groundnut(Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars under salt stress. Journal of Plant Physiology. 32:251-253.
  25. Park HW, Jang IB, Kim YC, Mo HS, Park KC, Yu J, Kim JU, Lee EH, Kim KH and Hyun DY. (2014). Growth characteristics of ginseng seedlings as affected by mixed nursery soil under polyethylene film covered greenhouse. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science. 22:363-368. https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2014.22.5.363
  26. Park JH. (2012). Antioxidant activities in shoots and roots of hydroponic cultured ginseng. Journal of Applied Oriental Medicine. 16:21-26.
  27. Proctor JTA. (2008). Source-sink relations in North American ginseng seedlings as influenced by leaflet removal. Journal of Ginseng Research. 32:337-340. https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2008.32.4.337
  28. Rural Development Adminstration(RDA). (2014). Ginseng. Rural Development Adminstration. Eumseong, Korea. p.90-246.
  29. Shi W, Wang Y, Li J, Zhang H and Ding L. (2007). Investigation of ginsenosides in different part and ages of Panax ginseng. Food Chemistry. 102:664-668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.05.053
  30. Suh SO, Boo YJ, Park JM and Kim J. (2007). Prospective study for Korean red ginseng extract as an immune modulator following a curative surgery in patients with advanced colon cancer. Journal of Ginseng Research. 31:54-59. https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2007.31.1.054
  31. Vuksan V, Sung MK, Sievenpiper JL, Stavro PM, Jenkins AL, Buono MD, Lee KS, Leiter LA, Nam KY, Arnason JT, Choi M and Naeem A. (2008). Korean red ginseng(Panax ginseng) improves glucose and insulin regulation in well-controlled, type 2 diabetes: Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of efficacy and safety. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 18:46-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2006.04.003
  32. Wahome PK, Jesch HH and Pinker I. (2001). Effect of sodium chloride on Rosa plants growing in vitro. Scientia Horticultrurae. 90:187-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(00)00231-4