Korean Journal of Ichthyology (한국어류학회지)

The Ichthyological Society of Korea (한국어류학회)
권호 표지

Feeding Ecology of the Endangered Korean Endemic Miho Spine Loach, Cobitis choii (Pisces: Cobitidae) in Geumgang River, Korea

멸종위기어류 미호종개 Cobitis choii(Pisces: Cobitidae)의 섭식생태

  • Ko, Myeong-Hun (Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Bang, In-Chul (Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University)
  • 고명훈 (이화여자대학교 에코과학부) ;
  • 방인철 (순천향대학교 생명시스템학과)
  • Received : 2018.04.26
  • Accepted : 2018.06.07
  • Published : 2018.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Feeding ecology of endangered Korean endemic miho spine loach, Cobitis choii, was investigated in Jicheon Stream, Geumgang River, Korea to provide ecological characteristics and baseline data for its restoration. C. choii is active during daylight hours above sand from March to October when the water temperature exceeded $13^{\circ}C$, but tended hibernate in the stream bottoms (sand) in the winter months (November~February) when the water temperature was lower than $13^{\circ}C$. They fed (index of relative importance, IRI) mainly Diptera (69.9%), Copepoda (23.2%), Arcellidae (2.3%), Branchiopoda (2.0%) and Ploima (2.0%). And their small juvenile (age 0+) fed mainly small size, Ploima and Branchiopoda, however, they ate mainly large size, Chilonomidae, while growing to adult fish (age 2+~3+).

멸종위기종 미호종개 C. choii의 생태학적 특징을 밝히고 복원의 기초자료를 확보하기 위해 섭식생태를 충청남도 청양군 청남면 인양리의 금강지류 지천에서 조사를 실시하였다. 미호종개는 3월부터 10월까지 활동기로, 11월부터 2월까지는 월동기로 나누어졌으며, 활동기에는 주행성 어류로 기질 (모래) 밖으로 나와 활동하였다. 소화관내용물을 상대중요성 지수 (index of relative importance, IRI)로 분석한 결과, 파리목 (Diptera) 69.9%, 요각목 (Copepoda) 23.2%, 꽃병벌레과 (Arcellidae) 2.3%, 새각목 (Branchiopoda) 2.0%, 유영목(Ploima) 2.0% 등의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 크기가 작은 당년생 치어(0년생)는 유영목과 새각목을 주로 섭식하였으나, 성어(2~3년생)는 크기가 큰 깔다구과(Chironomidae)를 주로 섭식하여 차이를 보였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Bae, D.Y., W.K. Moon, M.H. Jang, K.S. Jang, J.B. Seo, W.J. Kim, J.O. Kim and J.K. Kim. 2012. Applying the Jolly-Seber model to estimate population size of miho spine loach (Cobitis choii) in the Backgok Stream, Korea. Korean J. Limnol., 45: 322-328. (in Korean)
  2. Bang, I.C., W.J. Kim and I.R. Lee. 2008. Characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the endangered Miho spine loach (Iksookimia choii) and cross-species amplification within the Cobitidae family. Molecular Ecol. Res., 9: 281-284.
  3. Bogutskaya, N.G., A.M. Naseka, S.V. Shedko, E.D. Vasil'eva and I.A. Chereshnev. 2008. The fishes of the Amur River: updated check-list and zoogeography. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, 19: 301-366.
  4. Byeon, H.K. 2007. Ecology of Koreocobitis rotundicaudata (Cobitidae) in the Naerin Stream, Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 19: 299-305. (in Korean)
  5. CHA (Cultural Heritage Administration). 2009. Habitat Status Basic Research of Natural Monument fish. Institute of Biodiversity, 117pp. (in Korean)
  6. CHA (Cultural Heritage Administration). 2017. Natural Monument Designation. Retrieved from http://www.cha.go.kr/korea. verson (12/2017) (in Korean)
  7. Choi, E.K. 2003. Biology of the Southern Spined Loach, Iksookimia hugowolfeldi (Pisces, Cobitidae). Master Thesis, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 42pp. (in Korean)
  8. Choi, J.K. and H.K. Byeon. 2009. Ecological characteristics of Cobitis pacifica (Cobitidae) in the Yeongok Stream. Korean J. Limnol., 42: 26-31. (in Korean)
  9. Chong, D.S. 1986. Morphological and bionomical studies of Niwaella multifasciata (Wakiya et Mori). Master Thesis, Chonbuk National University, 37pp. (in Korean)
  10. Hong, Y.P. 2004. The Present Status and Conservation of the Critically Endangered Species, Iksookimia choii, in Korea. Abstract 2004 Autumn Meeting of the Ichthyological Society of Korea, pp. 59-75. (in Korean)
  11. Hong, Y.K., H. Yang and I.C. Bang. 2011. Habitat, reproduction and feeding habit of endangered fish Koreocobitis naktongensis (Cobitidae) in the Jaho Stream, Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 23: 234-241. (in Korean)
  12. Jang, M.H., G.J. Joo and M.C. Lucas. 2006. Diet of introduced largemouth bass in Korean rivers and potential interactions with native fishes. Ecol. Freshw. Fish, 15: 315-320. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2006.00161.x
  13. Jeong, J. 1993. Illustration of the Freshwater Algae of Korea. Academy Publishing Company, Seoul, 496pp. (in Korean)
  14. Jo, K.S. 1993. Illustration of the Freshwater Zooplankton of Korea. Academy Publishing Company, Seoul, 387pp. (in Korean)
  15. Kim, E.J. 2008. Conservation Biology of Dwarf Loach, Kichulchoia brevifasciata. Master Thesis, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 58pp. (in Korean)
  16. Kim, I.S. 1978. Ecological studies of cobitid fish, Cobitis koreensis in Jeonju-cheon Creek, Jeonrabug-do province, Korea. Korean J. Ecol., 2: 9-14. (in Korean)
  17. Kim, I.S. 1997. Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fauna & Flora of Korea, Vol. 37, Freshwater Fishes. Ministry of Education, Yeongi, 329pp. (in Korean)
  18. Kim, I.S. and M.H. Ko. 2005. Ecology of Iksookimia longicorpa (Cobitidae) in the Seomjin River, Korea. Korean J. Icthyol., 17: 112-122. (in Korean)
  19. Kim, I.S., M.H. Ko and J.Y. Park. 2006. Population ecology of Korean sand loach Cobitis tetralineata (Pisece; Cobitidae) in the Seomjin River, Korea. J. Ecol. Field Biol., 29: 277-286. (in Korean) https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2006.29.3.277
  20. Kim, I.S. and Y.M. Son. 1984. Cobitis choii, a new cobitid fish from Korea. Korean J. of Zool., 27: 49-55.
  21. Kim, I.S. and J.Y. Park. 2007 Freshwater Fishes of Korea. Kyohak Publishing, Seoul, 467pp. (in Korean)
  22. Kim, I.S. and W.O. Lee. 1984. Morphological and ecological aspects on the population of Cobitis koreensis Kim (Pisces: Cobitidae) in the Begchon Stream, Puan-gun, Cholla-bugdo, Korea. Korean J. Ecology, 7: 10-20. (in Korean)
  23. Kim, K.Y., S.Y. Lee, I.C. Bang and Y.K. Nam. 2008. Complete mitogenome sequence of an endangered freshwater fish, Iksookimia choii (Teleostei; Cypriniformes, Cobitidae), Mitochondrial DNA, 19: 438-445.
  24. Ko, M.H. 2005. Ecological Studies of Cobitis tetralineata and Iksookimia longicorpa (Cobitidae) in the Seomjin River, Korea. Chonbuk National University Master Thesis, 69pp. (in Korean)
  25. Ko, M.H. 2009. Reproductive Mechanisms of the Unisexual Diploid-triploid Hybrid Complex between the Spined Loach Cobitis hankugensis and Iksookimia longicorpa (Teleostei, Cobitidae) in Korea. Doctoral Thesis, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 160pp. (in Korean)
  26. Ko, M.H. 2015. Habitat characteristics and feeding ecology of the Korean endemic Species, Iksookimia pacifica (Pisces: Cobitidae) in the Bukcheon (stream), Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 27: 275-283. (in Korean)
  27. Ko, M.H., H.J. Kim, R.Y. Myung and Y.J. Won. 2018. The Activity period and feeding ecology of the Korean eastern spined loach, Iksookimia yongdokensis (Pisces: Cobitidae). Korean J. Ichthyol., 30: 27-35. (in Korean)
  28. Ko, M.H. and I.C. Bang. 2018. Habitat characteristics and estimation of the age of the endangered miho spine Loach, Cobitis choii (Pisces: Cobitidae) in Ji Stream, Geum River, Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 30: 46-54. (in Korean)
  29. Ko, M.H., I.R. Lee and I.C. Bang. 2012a. Distribution status and estimation of population size of the endangered species, Cobitis choii (Pisces: Cobitidae) in Geum River, Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 24: 56-61. (in Korean)
  30. Ko, M.H., J.Y. Park and S.H. Kim. 2009. Habitat enviornment and feeding habitat of Iksookimia koreensis and Cobitis lutheri (Pisces: Cobitidae) in the Mangyeong River, Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 21: 253-261. (in Korean)
  31. Ko, M.H., S.J. Moon, S.J. Lee and I.C. Bang. 2012b. Community structure of fish and inhabiting status of endangered species, Cobitis choii and Gobiobotia naktongensis in the Ji Stream, a tributary of the Geum River drainage system of Korea. Korean J. Limnol., 45: 356-367. (in Korean) https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2012.45.4.356
  32. Ko, M.H., Y.K. Hong, H.L. Kim and I.C. Bang. 2014. Community structure of fish and inhabiting status of natural monument Cobitis choii in the Baekgok Stream, a tributary of the Geum River drainage systrem of Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 26: 99-111. (in Korean)
  33. Kwater. 2007. A Guidebook of Rivers in South Korea. Kwater, Daejeon, 582pp. (in Korean)
  34. Lee, I.R., Y.A. Lee, H. Shin, Y.K. Nam, W.J. Kim and I.C. Bang. 2008. Genetic diversity of an endangered fish, Iksookimia choii (Cypriniformes), from Korea as assessed by amplified fragment length polymorphism. Korean J. Limnol., 41: 98-103. (in Korean)
  35. Lee, H.Y., H.S. Lee and C.S. Park. 1986. Karyotype analysis and geographical polymorphism in Korean Cobitis. Korean J. Genetics, 8: 65-74. (in Korean)
  36. ME (Ministry of Environment). 1998. Natural Environment Conservation act (Law No. 5392). (in Korean)
  37. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2005. Enforcement of Wildlife Laws (Law No. 7167). (in Korean)
  38. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2009. Development of Genetic Diversity Analysis, Culture and Ecosystem Restoration Techniques for Endangered Fish, Iksookimia choii. Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 537pp. (in Korean)
  39. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2011a. Culture and Restoration Research of Endangered Freshwater Fish (four species including Liobagrus obesus). Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 359pp. (in Korean)
  40. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2011b. Development of Culture Techniques and Construction of Monitoring System for Released Seedlings of Endangered Fish Koreocobitis naktongensis. Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 250pp. (in Korean)
  41. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2011c. Ecological Risk Management Master plan of Exotic Species. Ministry of Environment of Korea, 290pp.
  42. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2012. Conservation and Management Laws of Wildlife (Law No. 10977). (in Korean)
  43. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2017. Conservation and Management Laws of Wildlife (Law No. 737). (in Korean)
  44. Meffe, G.K. 2002. Connecting science to management and policy in freshwater fish conservation. In: Conservation of freshwater fishes: options for the future (Collares-Pereira, M.J., I.G. Cowx and M.M. Coelho, eds.). Iowa State University Press, Iowa, pp. 363-372.
  45. NIBR (National Institute of Biological Resources). 2011. Red Data Book of Endangered Fishes in Korea. Ministry of Environment, Incheon, 202pp. (in Korean)
  46. Park, C.W. 2016. Ecology of the Endemic Korean Southern King Spine Loach, Iksookimia hugowolfeldi. Master Thesis, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 56pp. (in Korean)
  47. Park, J.Y. and I.S. Kim. 2003. Variability of egg envelopes in Korean spined loaches (Cobitidae). Folia Biol., 51: 187-192.
  48. Pinkas, L., M.S. Oliphant and I.K.K. Ivrson. 1971. Food habits of albacore, bluefin tuna, and bonito in California water. Fish. Bull., 152: 1-105.
  49. Ricker, W.E. 1971. Methods for assessment of fish production in freshwater. IBP hand book, 3: 112-113.
  50. Sala, O.E., F.S. Chapin, J.J. Armesto, E. Berlow, J. Bioomfield, R. Dirzo, H.S. Elisabeth, L.F. Huenneke, R.B. Jackson, A. Kinzig, R. Leemans, M.L. David, H. Mooney, A.O. Martin, N.L. Poff, T.S. Martin, B.H. Walker, W. Marilyn and D.H. Wall. 2000. Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science, 287: 1770-1774. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5459.1770
  51. Song, H.Y., W.J. Kim, W.O. Lee and I.C. Bang. 2008. Morphologi cal development of egg and larvae of Iksookimia choii (Cobitidae). Korean J. Limnol., 41: 104-110. (in Korean)
  52. Sutherland, W.J., W.M. Adams, R.B. Aronson, R. Aveling, T.M. Blackburn, S. Broad, G. Ceballos, I.M. Cote, R.M. Cowling, G.A.B. Da fonseca, E. Dinerstein, P.J. Ferraro, E. Fleishman, C. Gascon, M. Hunter Jr., J. Hutton, P. Kareiva, A. Kuria, D.W. Macdonald, K. Mackinnon, F.J. Madgwick, M.B. Mascia, J. Mcneely, E.J. Milnergulland, S. Moon, C.G. Morley, S. Nelson, D. Osborn, M. Pai, E.C.M. Parsons, L.S. Peck, H. Possingham, S.V. Prior, A.S. Pullin, M.R.W. Rands, J. Ranganathan, K.H. Redford, J.P. Rodriguez, F. Seymour, J. Sobel, N.S. Sodhi, A. Stott, K. Vance-borland and A.R. Watkinson. 2009. One hundred questions of importance to the conservation of global biological diversity. Conserv. Biol., 23: 557-567. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01212.x
  53. Won, D.H., S.J. Kwon and Y.C. Jeon. 2005. Aquatic Insects of Korea. Korean Ecosystem Service, Seoul, 360pp. (in Korean)
  54. Yun, I.B. 1995. Aquatic Insects of Korea. Jeonghang Publishing Company, Seoul, 262pp. (in Korean)