Steel and Composite Structures

  • 제27권6호
  • /
  • Pages.703-716
  • /
  • 2018
  • /
  • 1229-9367(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1598-6233(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Energy demands in reinforced concrete wall piers coupled by buckling restrained braces subjected to near-fault earthquake

  • Beiraghi, Hamid (Department of Civil Engineering, Mahdishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University)
  • 투고 : 2016.12.19
  • 심사 : 2018.04.12
  • 발행 : 2018.06.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

In this study, the different energy demands in reinforced concrete (RC) wall piers, coupled by buckling restrained braces (BRBs), are investigated. As well as this, a single plastic hinge approach (SPH) and an extended plastic hinge (EPH) approach is considered for the wall piers. In the SPH approach, plasticity can extend only in the 0.1H adjacent to the wall base while, in the EPH approach, the plasticity can extend anywhere in the wall. The seismic behavior of 10-, 20- and 30-storey structures, subjected to near-fault (NF) as well as far-fault (FF) earthquakes, is studied with respect to the energy concepts involved in each storey. Different kinds of energy, including inelastic, damping, kinetic, elastic and total input energy demand, are investigated. The energy contribution from the wall piers, as well as the BRBs in each model, are studied. On average, for EPH approach, the inelastic demand portion pertaining to the BRBs for NF and FF records, is more than 60 and 80%, respectively. In the SPH approach, these ratios are 77 and 90% for the NF and FF events, respectively. It appears that utilizing the BRBs as energy dissipation members between two wall piers is an efficient concept.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Abdollahzadeh, G. and Banihashemi, M. (2013), "Response modification factor of dual moment-resistant frame with buckling restrained brace (BRB)", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 14(6), 621-636. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2013.14.6.621
  2. ACI 318-11 (2011), Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary; ACI Committee 318, Farmington Hills, MI, USA.
  3. ASCE/SEI 7-2010 (2010), Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures; American Society of Civil Engineers. Reston, VA, USA.
  4. Baker, J.W. (2007), "Quantitative classification of near-fault ground motions using wavelet analysis", Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 97(5), 1486-1501. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120060255
  5. Beiraghi, H. (2017a), "Forward directivity near-fault and far-fault ground motion effects on the responses of tall reinforced concrete walls with buckling-restrained brace outriggers", Scientia Iranica. DOI: 10.24200/sci.2017.4205
  6. Beiraghi, H. (2017b), "Earthquake effects on the energy demand of tall reinforced concrete walls with buckling-restrained brace outriggers", Struct. Eng. Mech., Int. J., 63(4), 521-536.
  7. Beiraghi, H. and Siahpolo, N. (2016), "Seismic assessment of RC core-wall building capable of three plastic hinges with outrigger", Struct. Des. Tall Special Build., 26(2). DOI: 10.1002/tal.1306
  8. Beiraghi, H., Kheyroddin, A. and Kafi, M.A. (2015), "Nonlinear fiber element analysis of a reinforced concrete shear wall subjected to earthquake records", Transact. Civil Eng., 39, 409-422.
  9. Beiraghi, H., Kheyroddin, A. and Kafi, M.A. (2016a), "Forward directivity near-fault and far-fault ground motion effects on the behavior of reinforced concrete wall tall buildings with one and more plastic hinges", Struct. Des. Tall Special Build., 25(11), 519-539. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1270
  10. Beiraghi, H., Kheyroddin, A. and Kafi, M.A. (2016b), "Energy dissipation of tall core-wall structures with multi-plastic hinges subjected to forward directivity near-fault and far-fault earthquakes", Struct. Des. Tall Special Build., 25(15), 801-820. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1284
  11. Beiraghi, H., Kheyroddin, A. and Kafi, M.A. (2016c), "Effect of record scaling on the behavior of reinforced concrete core-wall buildings subjected to near-fault and far-fault earthquakes", Scientia Iranica, 24(3), p. 884.
  12. Bengar, H.A. and Aski, R.M. (2016), "Performance based evaluation of RC coupled shear wall system with steel coupling beam", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 20(2), 337-355. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.20.2.337
  13. Bernal, D. (1994), "Viscous damping in inelastic structural response", J. Struct. Eng., 120(4), 1240-1254. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1994)120:4(1240)
  14. Black, C., Makris, N. and Aiken, I. (2002), "Component testing, stability analysis and characterization of buckling-restrained braces", Report No. PEER-2002/08; Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
  15. Bosco, M. and Marino, E.M. (2013), "Design method and behavior factor for steel frames with buckling restrained braces", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 42(8), 1243-1263. DOI: 10.1002/eqe.2269
  16. CEN EC8 (2004), Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance; European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
  17. Chopra, A.K. (2001), Dynamics of Structures, Prentice-Hall, NJ, USA.
  18. CSA Standard A23.3-04 (2005), Design of Concrete Structures; Canadian Standard Association, Rexdale, Canada.
  19. El-Tawil, S., Harries, K.A., Fortney, P.J., Shahrooz, B.M. and Kurama, Y. (2010), "Seismic design of hybrid coupled wall systems: State of the art", J. Struct. Eng., 136(7), 755-769. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000186
  20. Fahnestock, L.A., Ricles, J.M. and Sause, R. (2007), "Experimental evaluation of a large-scale buckling-restrained braced frame", J. Struc. Eng., 133(9), 1205-1214. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2007)133:9(1205)
  21. FEMA P695 (2009), Quantification of Building Seismic Performance Factors (ATC-63 Project); Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C., USA.
  22. Gerami, M. and Sivandi-Pour, A. (2014), "Performance-based seismic rehabilitation of existing steel eccentric braced buildings in near fault ground motions", Struct. Des. Tall Special Build., 23(12), 881-896. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1088
  23. Ghodsi, T. and Ruiz, J.A.F. (2010), "Pacific earthquake engineering research/seismic safety commission tall building design case study", Struct. Des. Tall Special Build., 19(2), 197-256.
  24. Harries, K.A. and McNeice, D.S. (2006), "Performance-based design of high-rise coupled wall systems", Struct. Des. Tall Special Build., 15(3), 289-306. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.296
  25. Harries, K.A. and Gong, B. and Shahrooz, B.M. (2000), "Behavior and design of reinforced concrete, steel and steel-concrete coupling beams", Earthq. Spectra, 16(4), 775-799. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1586139
  26. Jones, P. and Zareian, F. (2013), "Seismic response of a 40-storey buckling-restrained braced frame designed for the Los Angeles region", Struct. Des. Tall Special Build., 22(3), 291-299. DOI: 10.1002/tal.687
  27. Kalkan, E. and Kunnath, S.K. (2006), "Effects of fling-step and forward directivity on the seismic response of buildings", Earthq. Spectra, 22(2), 367-390. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2192560
  28. Kalkan, E. and Kunnath, S.K. (2007), "Effective cyclic energy as a measure of seismic demand", J. Earthq. Eng., 11(5), 725-751. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460601033827
  29. Kalkan, E. and Kunnath, S.K. (2008), "Relevance of absolute and relative energy content in seismic evaluation of structures", Adv. Struct. Eng., 11(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1260/136943308784069478
  30. Kuwamura, H. and Galambos, T.V. (1989), "Earthquake load for structural reliability", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 115(6), 1446-1462. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1989)115:6(1446)
  31. LATBSDC (2011), An Alternative Procedure For Seismic Analysis and Design of Tall Buildings Located in the Los Angeles Region, Los Angeles Tall Buildings Structural Design Council.
  32. Luco, N. and Cornell, A. (2007), "Structure-specific scalar intensity measures for near source and ordinary earthquake ground motions", Earthq. Spectra, 23(2), 357-392. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2723158
  33. Mander, J.B., Priestley, M.J.N. and Park, R. (1988), "Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete", ASCE J. Struct. Eng., 114(8), 1804-1826. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:8(1804)
  34. Merritt, S., Uang, C.M. and Benzoni, G. (2003), Subassemblage testing of star seismic buckling restrained braces; TR-2003/04, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
  35. Mortezaei, A. and Ronagh, H.R. (2013), "Plastic hinge length of reinforced concrete columns subjected to both far-fault and near-fault ground motions having forward directivity", Struct. Des. Tall Special Build., 22(12), 903-926. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.729
  36. Nguyen, A.H., Chintanapakdee, C. and Hayashikawa, T. (2010), "Assessment of current nonlinear static procedures for seismic evaluation of BRBF buildings", J. Constr. Steel Res., 66(8-9), 1118-1127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2010.03.001
  37. NZS 3101 (2006), New Zealand Standard, Part 1-The Design of Concrete Structures; Standards New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.
  38. Orakcal, K. and Wallace, J.W. (2006), "Flexural Modeling of reinforced Concrete Walls-Experimental Verification", ACI Struct. J., 103(2), 196-206.
  39. Palmer, K.D., Christopulos, A.S., Lehman, D.E. and Roeder, C.W. (2014), "Experimental evaluation of cyclically loaded, large-scale, planar and 3-d buckling-restrained braced frames", J. Constr. Steel Res., 101, 415-425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.06.008
  40. Panagiotou, M. and Restrepo, J. (2009), "Dual-plastic hinge design concept for reducing higher-mode effects on high-rise cantilever wall buildings", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 38(12), 1359-1380. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.905
  41. Paulay, T. and Priestley, M.J.N. (1992), Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, USA.
  42. PERFORM-3D (2006), Nonlinear Analysis and Performance Assessment for 3D Structures; V.4, User Guide, Computers and Structures, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA.
  43. PERFORM-3D (2011), Nonlinear Analysis and Performance Assessment for 3D Structures; V.4.0.3, Computers and Structures, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA.
  44. Powell, G. (2007), "Detailed example of a tall shear wall building using CSI's Perform 3D nonlinear dynamic analysis", Computers and Structures Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA.
  45. Priestley, M.J.N. and Grant, D.N. (2005), "Viscous damping in seismic design and analysis", J. Earthq. Eng., 9(SP2), 229-255. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363246905002365
  46. Sahoo, D.R. and Chao, S. (2010), "Performance-based plastic design method for buckling-restrained braced frames", Eng. Struct., 32(9), 2950-2958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.05.014
  47. Shargh, F.H. and Hosseini, M. (2011), "An optimal distribution of stiffness over the height of shear buildings to minimize the seismic input energy", J. Seismol. Earthq. Eng., 13(1), 25-32.
  48. Simpson, Gumpertz & Heger, Inc. (2009), Detailed Design Write up for BRBF building, Simpson, Gumpertz & Heger, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA.
  49. Sivandi-Pour, A., Gerami, M. and Kheyroddin, A. (2015), "Determination of modal damping ratios for non-classically damped rehabilitated steel structures. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology", Transact. Civil Eng., 39(C1), p. 81.
  50. Somerville, P. (1997), "The characteristics and quantification of near-fault ground motion", Proceedings of the FHWA/NCEER Workshop on the National Representation of Seismic Ground Motion for New and Existing Highway Facilities, Burlingame, CA, USA, May.
  51. Stewart, J.P., Chiou, S.J., Bray, J.D., Graves, R.W., Somerville, P.G. and Abrahamson, N.A. (2001), "Ground motion evaluation procedures for performance based design", PEER 2001-09; Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
  52. Tsai, K.-C. and Hsiao, P.-C. (2008), "Pseudo-dynamic test of a full-scale CFT/BRB frame-Part II: Seismic performance of buckling-restrained braces and connections", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 37(7), pp. 1099-1115. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.803
  53. Tsai, K.-C., Hsiao, P.-C., Wang, K.-J., Weng, Y.-T., Lin, M.-L., Lin, K.-C., Chen, C.-H., Lai, J.-W. and Lin, S.-L. (2008), "Pseudo-dynamic tests of a full-scale CFT/BRB frame-Part I: Specimen design, experiment and analysis", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 37(7), 1081-1098. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.804
  54. Uang, C.M. and Bertero, V.V. (1997), "Seismic response of an instrumented 13-story steel frame building damaged in the 1994 Northridge earthquake", Earthq. Spectra, 13(1), 131-148. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585935
  55. Watanabe, A. (1992), "Development of composite brace with a large ductility", Proceedings of the U.S.-Japan Workshop on Composite and Hybrid Structures, (Goel S. and Yamanouchi, H. Ed.), Berkeley, CA, USA, September.

피인용 문헌

  1. Seismic response of dual structures comprised by Buckling-Restrained Braces (BRB) and RC walls vol.72, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2019.72.4.443
  2. Dual‐steel frame consisting of moment‐resisting frame and shape memory alloy braces subjected to near‐field earthquakes vol.29, pp.14, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1784
  3. Behavior of L-shaped double-skin composite walls under compression and biaxial bending vol.37, pp.4, 2020, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.37.4.405
  4. Optimum location of second outrigger in RC core walls subjected to NF earthquakes vol.38, pp.6, 2018, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2021.38.6.671