지구물리와물리탐사 (Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration)

  • 제21권2호
  • /
  • Pages.82-93
  • /
  • 2018
  • /
  • 1229-1064(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2384-051X(eISSN)
한국지구물리·물리탐사학회 (Korean Society of Earth and Exploration Geophysicists)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

저수지 전기비저항 모니터링에서의 온도효과

Temperature Effects in the Resistivity Monitoring at Embankment Dams

  • Kim, Eun-Mi (Division of Geology and Geophysics, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Cho, In-Ky (Division of Geology and Geophysics, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Ki-Seog (Heesong Geotek Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Yong, Hwan-Ho (Korea Rural Community Corporation)
  • 투고 : 2018.01.22
  • 심사 : 2018.02.26
  • 발행 : 2018.05.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

저수지 안전진단을 위하여 수행되는 전기비저항 모니터링 자료는 대기의 온도에 영향을 받는다. 특히 국내와 같이 사계절의 온도 변화가 큰 환경에서는 지중온도 변화에 의한 전기비저항의 변화를 무시하기 어렵다. 따라서 온도효과는 전기비저항 모니터링 자료의 정밀한 해석을 어렵게 한다. 이 연구에서는 저수지에서 획득된 다점온도 모니터링 자료를 분석하여 시공간적 지중온도를 추정하고, 이를 이용하여 역산 결과 얻어진 지하 전기비저항 모델에 대하여 온도보정을 수행하였다. 온도보정 결과, 계절변화에 의한 온도 효과는 주로 상부에 국한되며, 심부에서는 무시할 수 있는 것으로 해석되었다. 그러나 댐 제체의 온도 분포만을 가지고 온도 보정을 수행하면 그 효과를 완전히 제거할 수 없다. 이 문제를 극복하기 위해, 저수지 물의 온도 변화에 의한 효과는 대기온도 변화도 함께 포함되어야 할 것으로 보인다.

Resistivity monitoring data at embankment dams are affected by the seasonal temperature variation. Especially when the seasonal temperature variation is large like Korea, the temperature effects may not be ignored in the longterm resistivity monitoring. Therefore, temperature effects can make it difficult to accurately interpret the resistivity monitoring data. In this study, through analyzing the time series of ground temperature collected at an embankment dam, ground temperature variations are calculated approximately. Then, based on the calculated temperature profile with depth, the inverted resistivity model of the embankment dam is corrected to remove the temperature effects. From these corrections, it was confirmed that the temperature effects are significant in the upper, superficial part of the dam, but can be ignored at depth. However, temperature correction based only on the temperature distribution in the dam body cannot remove the temperature effect thoroughly. To overcome this problem, the effect of temperature variation in the reservoir water seems to be incorporated together with the air temperature variation.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Butler, D. K. and Llopis, J. L., 1990, Assessment of anomalous seepage conditions, in Ward, S. H. Ed., Geotechnical and Environmental Geophysics II, SEG.
  2. Cassiani, G., Bruno, V., Villa, A., Fusi, N. and Binley, A. M., 2006, A saline trace test monitored via time-lapse surface electrical resistivity tomograph, J. Appl. Geophy., 59, 244-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2005.10.007
  3. Cho, I. K., Kang, H. J., and Kim, K. J., 2006a, Distortion of resistivity data due to the 3D geometry of embankment dams, Geophys. and Geophys. Explor., 9, 291-298 (in Korean with English abstract).
  4. Cho, I. K., Kang, H. J., Lee, B. H., Kim, B. H., Yi, S. S., Park, Y. G., and Lee, B. H., 2006b, Safety index evaluation from resistivity monitoring data for reservoir dyke, Geophys. and Geophys. Explor., 9, 155-162 (in Korean with English abstract).
  5. Cho, I. K., and Yeom, J. Y., 2007, Crossline resistivity tomography for the delineation of anomalous seepage pathways in an embankment dam, Geophysics, 72, G31-G38. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2435200
  6. Cho, I. K., Ha, I. S., Kim, K. S., Ahn, H. Y., Lee, S. H., and Kang, H. J., 2014, 3D effects on 2D resistivity monitoring in earth-fill dam, Near Surf. Geophys., 12, 73-81.
  7. Cho, I. K., Kim, E. M., Jeong, D. B., Kim, K. S., and Yong, H. H., 2017, Time-lapse inversion of resistivity monitoring data at embankment dams, 2017 Fall joint conference of KSMER, KSRM, KSEG, Busan, Korea, 42p.
  8. Chung, S. H., Kim, J. H., Yang, J. M., Han, K. E., and Kim, Y. W., 1992, Delineation of water seepage in earth-fill embankments by electrical resistivity method, J. Eng. Geol., 2, 47-57 (in Korean with English abstract).
  9. Daily, W., Ramirez, A., Binley, A., and LaBrecque, D., 2004, Electrical resistance tomography, Lead Edge, 23, 438-442. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1729225
  10. Day-Lewis, F. D., Harris, J. M., and Gorelick, S. M., 2002, Time-lapse inversion of crosswell radar data, Geophysics, 66, 1740-1752.
  11. Deiana, R., Cassiani, G., Kemna, A., Villa, A., Bruno, V., and Bagliani, A., 2007, An experiment of non-invasive characterization of the vadose zone via water injection and cross-hole time-lapse geophysical monitoring, Near Surf. Geophys., 5, 183-194.
  12. Johansson, S., and Dahlin, T., 1996, Seepage monitoring in an earth embankment dam by repeated resistivity measurements, European J. Environ. Eng. Geophy., 1, 229-247. https://doi.org/10.4133/JEEG1.3.229
  13. Hermans, T., Vandenbohede, A., Lebbe, L., and Nguyen, F., 2012, A shallow geothermal experiment in a sandy aquifer monitored using electric resistivity tomography, Geophysics, 77, B11-B21. https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2011-0199.1
  14. Hayashi, M., 2004. Temperature-electrical conductivity relation of water for environmental monitoring and geophysical data inversion, Environ. Monit. Assess., 96, 119-128. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EMAS.0000031719.83065.68
  15. Hayley, K., Bentley, L. R., Gharibi, M., and Nightingale, M., 2007, Low temperature monitoring dependence of electrical resistivity: Implications for near surface, geophysical monitoring, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L18402. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL031124
  16. Hayley, K., Bentley, L. R., and Pidlisecky, A., 2010, Compensating for temperature variations in time-lapse electrical resistivity difference imaging, Geophysics, 75, WA51-WA59. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3478208
  17. Karaoulis, M., Kim, J. H., and Tsourlos, P. I., 2011, 4D active time constrained inversion, J. Appl. Geophy., 73, 25-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2010.11.002
  18. Karaoulis, M., Tsourlos, P. I., Kim, J. H., and Revil, A., 2014, 4D time-lapse ERT inversion: introducing combined time and space constraints, Near Surf. Geophys., 12, 25-34.
  19. Kemna, A., Vanderborght, J., Kulessa, B., and Vereecken, H., 2002, Imaging and characterization of subsurface solute transport using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and equivalent transport models, J. Hydrol., 267, 125-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00145-2
  20. Kim, J. H., Supper, R., Ottowitz, D., Jochum, B., and Yi, M. J., 2016, Processing of ERT monitoring data and evaluation of their reliabilities, Near Surf. Geoscience 2016 - 22nd European Mtg. Environ. Eng. Geoph., Expanded Abstracts.
  21. Kim, J. H., Supper, R., Tsourlos, P., and Yi, M. J., 2013, Fourdimensional inversion of resistivity monitoring data through Lp norm minimizations, Geophys. J. Int., 195, 1640-1656. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggt324
  22. Kim, J. H., Yi, M. J., Park, S. G., and Kim, J. G., 2009, 4-D inversion of DC resistivity monitoring data acquired over a dynamically changing earth model, J. Appl. Geophy., 68, 522-532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2009.03.002
  23. Kim, K. J., and Cho, I. K., 2011, Time-lapse inversion of 2D resistivity monitoring data with soatially varying cross-model constraint, J. Appl. Geophy., 72, 114-122.
  24. LaBrecque, D. J., and Yang, X., 2001. Difference inversion of ERT data, A fast inversion method for 3-D in-situ monitoring, J. Environ. Eng. Geophy., 6, 83-89. https://doi.org/10.4133/JEEG6.2.83
  25. Loke, M. H., 1999. Time-lapse resistivity imaging inversion, 5th Mtg. Environ. Eng. European Section, Em1.
  26. Miller, C. R., Routh, P. S., Brosten, T. R., and McNamara, J. P., 2008, Application of time-lapse ERT imaging to watershed characterization, Geophysics, 73, G7-G17. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2907156
  27. Ogilvy, A. A., Ayed, M. A., and Bogoslovsky, V. A., 1969, Geophysical studies of water leakages from reservoirs, Geophys. Prospect., 17, 36-63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1969.tb02071.x
  28. Oh, S. H., and Kim, H. S., 2005, Analysis of distortion effect of resistivity data due to 3D geometry of fill dam, 2005 spring Mtg. KSEG., Extended Abstracts, 55-58 (in Korean with English abstract).
  29. Oldenborger, G. A., Knoll, M. D., Routh, P. S., and LaBrecque, D. J., 2007, Time-lapse ERT monitoring of an injection/withdrawal experiment in a shallow unconfined aquifer, Geophysics, 72, F177-F188. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2734365
  30. Park, S. G., Kim, J. H., and Seo, G. W., 2005, Application of electrical resistivity monitoring technique to maintenance of embankments, Geophys. and Geophys. Explor., 8, 177-183 (in Korean with English abstract).
  31. Park, S. G., Song, S. H., Choi, J. H., Choi, B. G., and Lee, B. H., 2002, Applicability of geophysical prospecting for water leakage detection in water utilization facilities, The 4th special symposium of KSEG, 179-195.
  32. Rein, A., Hoffmann, R., and Dietrich, P., 2004, Influence of natural time-dependent variations of electrical conductivity on DC resistivity measurements, J. Hydrol., 285, 215-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.08.015
  33. Revil, A., Cathles III, L. M., Losh, S., and Nunn, J. A., 1998, Electrical conductivity in shaly sands with geophysical applications, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 23,925-23,936. https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB02125
  34. Salmon, G. M., and Johansson, S., 2003, Research on geophysical methods of detecting seepage and piping in embankment dams with case studies of geophysical measurements at two Swedish Tailings dams, ICOLD 71st Ann. Internat. Mtg. on Major Challenge in Tailing dams, June 15, Montreal 2003.
  35. Sen, P. N., and Goode, P. A., 1992, Influence of temperature on electrical conductivity on shaly sands, Geophysics, 57, 89-96. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1443191
  36. Singha, K., and Gorelick, S. M., 2005, Saline tracer visualized with three-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography: Field- scale spatial moment analysis, Water Resour. Res., 41, W05023.
  37. Sjödahl, P., Dahlin, T., Zhou, B., and Johannson, S., 2002, Monitoring of leakage in embankment dams through resistivity measurements - A 2.5D modeling study, 8th Environ. Eng. Geophy., 169-172.
  38. Sjodahl, P., Dahlin, T., and Zhou, B., 2006, 2.5D resistivity modeling of embankment dams to assess influence from geometry and material properties, Geophysics, 71, 107-114.
  39. Slater, L., Binley, A., Cassiani, G., Birken, R., and Sandberg, S., 2002, A 3D study solute transport in a large experimental tank, J. Appl. Geophy., 49, 211-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-9851(02)00124-6
  40. Song, S. H., Kwon, B. D., Choi, J. H., and Kim, K. M., 2001, Application of hydrogeological and geophysical methods to leakage problem of dike, J. Korea Inst. Mineral Mining Eng., 38, 292-300.
  41. Song, S. H., Song, Y. H., and Kwon, B. D., 2005, Application of hydro-geological and geophysical methods to delineate leakage pathways in an earth fill dam, Explor. Geophys., 58, 92-96.
  42. Titov, K., Loukhmanov, V., and Potapov, A., 2000, Monitoring of water seepage from a reservoir using resistivity and self polarization methods: case history of the Petergoph fountain water supply system, First Break, 18, 431-435. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2397.2000.00096.x
  43. Yoon, J. R., Kim, J. M., and Choi, B. H., 2005, Assessment of levee safety using electrical surveys, Geophysics, 8, 53-61 (in Korean with English abstract).