The Korean journal of internal medicine

The Korean Association of Internal Medicine (대한내과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Present status and perspectives of endosonography 2017 in gastroenterology

  • Hocke, Michael (Internal Medicine II, Helios Hospital Meiningen) ;
  • Braden, Barbara (Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford University Hospitals) ;
  • Jenssen, Christian (Medical Department, Maerkisch-Oderland Hospital) ;
  • Dietrich, Christoph F. (Medical Department 2, Caritas Hospital Bad Mergentheim, Bad Mergentheim)
  • Received : 2017.06.05
  • Accepted : 2017.06.16
  • Published : 2018.01.01
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Endoscopic ultrasound has become an essential tool in modern gastroenterology and abdominal surgery. Compared with all other endoscopic methods, it has the most potential for innovation and its future looks bright. Thus, we compiled this summary of established and novel applications of endoscopic ultrasound methods to inform the reader about what is already possible and where future developments will lead in improving patient care further. This review is structured in four parts. The first section reports on developments in diagnostic endoscopic ultrasound, the second looks at semi-invasive endoscopic ultrasound, and the third discusses advances in therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound. An overview on the future prospects of endoscopic ultrasound methods concludes this article.

Keywords

References

  1. Moehler M, Galle PR, Kiesslich R. Endosonography of the gastrointestinal tract. Chirurg 2007;78:420-427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-007-1332-6
  2. Jenssen C, Dietrich CF, Burmester E. Malignant neoplasias of the gastrointestinal tract: endosonographic staging revisited. Z Gastroenterol 2011;49:357-368. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1245870
  3. Dietrich CF, Jenssen C. Evidence based endoscopic ultrasound. Z Gastroenterol 2011;49:599-621. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1246021
  4. Mocellin S, Pasquali S. Diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for the preoperative locoregional staging of primary gastric cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;(2):CD009944.
  5. Moehler M, Baltin CT, Ebert M, et al. International comparison of the German evidence-based S3-guidelines on the diagnosis and multimodal treatment of early and locally advanced gastric cancer, including adenocarcinoma of the lower esophagus. Gastric Cancer 2015;18:550-563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10120-014-0403-x
  6. Watari J, Ueyama S, Tomita T, et al. What types of early gastric cancer are indicated for endoscopic ultrasonography staging of invasion depth? World J Gastrointest Endosc 2016;8:558-567. https://doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v8.i16.558
  7. Talsma K, van Hagen P, Grotenhuis BA, et al. Comparison of the 6th and 7th editions of the UICC-AJCC TNM classification for esophageal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2012;19:2142-2148. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-012-2218-5
  8. Jurgensen C, Brand J, Nothnagel M, et al. Prognostic relevance of gastric cancer staging by endoscopic ultrasound. Surg Endosc 2013;27:1124-1129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-012-2558-z
  9. Foley KG, Lewis WG, Fielding P, et al. N-staging of oesophageal and junctional carcinoma: is there still a role for EUS in patients staged N0 at PET/CT? Clin Radiol 2014;69:959-964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2014.04.023
  10. Wee E, Lakhtakia S, Gupta R, et al. The diagnostic accuracy and strength of agreement between endoscopic ultrasound and histopathology in the staging of ampullary tumors. Indian J Gastroenterol 2012;31:324-332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12664-012-0248-3
  11. Ignee A, Atkinson NS, Schuessler G, Dietrich CF. Ultrasound contrast agents. Endosc Ultrasound 2016;5:355-362. https://doi.org/10.4103/2303-9027.193594
  12. Fusaroli P, Saftoiu A, Dietrich CF. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound: why do we need it? A foreword. Endosc Ultrasound 2016;5:349-350. https://doi.org/10.4103/2303-9027.193596
  13. Cui XW, Chang JM, Kan QC, Chiorean L, Ignee A, Dietrich CF. Endoscopic ultrasound elastography: current status and future perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2015;21:13212-13224. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i47.13212
  14. Larsen MH, Fristrup C, Hansen TP, Hovendal CP, Mortensen MB. Endoscopic ultrasound, endoscopic sonoelastography, and strain ratio evaluation of lymph nodes with histology as gold standard. Endoscopy 2012;44:759-766. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1309817
  15. Paterson S, Duthie F, Stanley AJ. Endoscopic ultrasoundguided elastography in the nodal staging of oesophageal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2012;18:889-895. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v18.i9.889
  16. Knabe M, Gunter E, Ell C, Pech O. Can EUS elastography improve lymph node staging in esophageal cancer? Surg Endosc 2013;27:1196-1202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-012-2575-y
  17. Will U, Zinsser E, Raabe G, Bosseckert H. Value of endosonography in diagnosis of diffusely growing stomach carcinomas. Z Gastroenterol 1998;36:151-157.
  18. Will U, Muller AK, Fueldner F, Wanzar I, Meyer F. Endoscopic papillectomy: data of a prospective observational study. World J Gastroenterol 2013;19:4316-4324. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v19.i27.4316
  19. Tsuji S, Doyama H, Tsuji K, et al. Preoperative endoscopic diagnosis of superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors, including magnifying endoscopy. World J Gastroenterol 2015;21:11832-11841. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i41.11832
  20. Nikolaidis P, Hammond NA, Day K, et al. Imaging features of benign and malignant ampullary and periampullary lesions. Radiographics 2014;34:624-641. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.343125191
  21. Guo J, Liu Z, Sun S, et al. Endosonography-assisted diagnosis and therapy of gastrointestinal submucosal tumors. Endosc Ultrasound 2013;2:125-133. https://doi.org/10.4103/2303-9027.117655
  22. Jenssen C, Dietrich CF. Endoscopic ultrasound of gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions. Ultraschall Med 2008;29:236-256. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1027388
  23. Gress F, Schmitt C, Savides T, et al. Interobserver agreement for EUS in the evaluation and diagnosis of submucosal masses. Gastrointest Endosc 2001;53:71-76. https://doi.org/10.1067/mge.2001.111384
  24. Sonthalia N, Jain SS, Surude RG, Mohite AR, Rathi PM. Congenital esophageal duplication cyst: a rare cause of dysphagia in an adult. Gastroenterology Res 2016;9:79-82. https://doi.org/10.14740/gr711w
  25. Okanobu H, Hata J, Haruma K, et al. A classification system of echogenicity for gastrointestinal neoplasms. Digestion 2005;72:8-12. https://doi.org/10.1159/000087216
  26. Kannengiesser K, Mahlke R, Petersen F, et al. Contrastenhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasound is able to discriminate benign submucosal lesions from gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Scand J Gastroenterol 2012;47:1515-1520. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365521.2012.729082
  27. Eckardt AJ, Jenssen C. Current endoscopic ultrasoundguided approach to incidental subepithelial lesions: optimal or optional? Ann Gastroenterol 2015;28:160-172.
  28. Zhang XC, Li QL, Yu YF, et al. Diagnostic efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided needle sampling for upper gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions: a meta-analysis. Surg Endosc 2016;30:2431-2441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-015-4494-1
  29. Yamashita Y, Kato J, Ueda K, et al. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography can predict a higher malignant potential of gastrointestinal stromal tumors by visualizing large newly formed vessels. J Clin Ultrasound 2015;43:89-97. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcu.22195
  30. Tsuji Y, Kusano C, Gotoda T, et al. Diagnostic potential of endoscopic ultrasonography-elastography for gastric submucosal tumors: a pilot study. Dig Endosc 2016;28:173-178. https://doi.org/10.1111/den.12569
  31. Ignee A, Jenssen C, Hocke M, et al. Contrast-enhanced (endoscopic) ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound elastography in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Endosc Ultrasound 2017;6:55-60.
  32. Dietrich CF, Jenssen C, Hocke M, Cui XW, Woenckhaus M, Ignee A. Imaging of gastrointestinal stromal tumours with modern ultrasound techniques: a pictorial essay. Z Gastroenterol 2012;50:457-467. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1282076
  33. Kamata K, Takenaka M, Kitano M, et al. Contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography for differential diagnosis of submucosal tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017;32:1686-1692. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.13766
  34. Sakamoto H, Kitano M, Matsui S, et al. Estimation of malignant potential of GI stromal tumors by contrastenhanced harmonic EUS (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2011;73:227-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2010.10.011
  35. Park HY, Jeon SW, Lee HS, et al. Can contrast-enhanced harmonic endosonography predict malignancy risk in gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors? Endosc Ultrasound 2016;5:384-389. https://doi.org/10.4103/2303-9027.195871
  36. Lim TW, Choi CW, Kang DH, Kim HW, Park SB, Kim SJ. Endoscopic ultrasound without tissue acquisition has poor accuracy for diagnosing gastric subepithelial tumors. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016;95:e5246. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000005246
  37. Lin M, Fu Y, Yu H, Huang J. Gastric heterotopic pancreas masquerading as a stromal tumor: a case report. Oncol Lett 2015;10:2355-2358. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2015.3593
  38. Pouessel G, Michaud L, Pierre MH, et al. Endoscopic diagnosis of a gastric heterotopic pancreas and esophageal atresia: an incidental association? Arch Pediatr 2001;8:181-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-693X(00)00182-2
  39. Bennett S, Lam M, Wasserman J, et al. A case series of two glomus tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. J Surg Case Rep 2015;2015:rju144. https://doi.org/10.1093/jscr/rju144.
  40. Jeon TJ, Cho JH, Kim YS, Song SY, Park JY. Diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography in symptomatic patients with high and intermediate probabilities of common bile duct stones and a negative computed tomography scan. Gut Liver 2017;11:290-297. https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl16052
  41. Seifert H, Wehrmann T, Hilgers R, Gouder S, Braden B, Dietrich CF. Catheter probe extraductal EUS reliably detects distal common bile duct abnormalities. Gastrointest Endosc 2004;60:61-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(04)01523-8
  42. Deprez P. Approach of suspected common bile duct stones: endoscopic ultrasonography. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2000;63:295-298.
  43. Cremer A, Arvanitakis M. Diagnosis and management of bile stone disease and its complications. Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol 2016;62:103-129.
  44. Park JG, Kim KB, Han JH, et al. The usefulness of early endoscopic ultrasonography in acute biliary pancreatitis with undetectable choledocholithiasis on multidetector computed tomography. Korean J Gastroenterol 2016;68:202-209. https://doi.org/10.4166/kjg.2016.68.4.202
  45. Fabbri C, Polifemo AM, Luigiano C, et al. Single session versus separate session endoscopic ultrasonography plus endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in patients with low to moderate risk for choledocholithiasis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;24:1107-1112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.05828.x
  46. Cui XW, Ignee A, Braden B, Woenckhaus M, Dietrich CF. Biliary papillomatosis and new ultrasound imaging modalities. Z Gastroenterol 2012;50:226-231. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1281967
  47. Jenssen C, Dietrich CF. Endoscopic ultrasound in chronic pancreatitis. Z Gastroenterol 2005;43:737-749. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-858258
  48. Hernandez LV, Catalano MF. EUS in the diagnosis of early-stage chronic pancreatitis. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2010;24:243-249.
  49. Dominguez-Munoz JE. Latest advances in chronic pancreatitis. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014;37 Suppl 3:93-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0210-5705(14)70088-3
  50. Del Pozo D, Poves E, Tabernero S, et al. Conventional versus Rosemont endoscopic ultrasound criteria for chronic pancreatitis: interobserver agreement in same day backto-back procedures. Pancreatology 2012;12:284-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pan.2012.03.054
  51. De Molo C, Cui XW, Pirri C, et al. Pancreas mobile. Z Gastroenterol 2013;51:1165-1170. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1335185
  52. Omiyale AO. Autoimmune pancreatitis. Gland Surg 2016; 5:318-326. https://doi.org/10.21037/gs.2015.11.02
  53. Brito-Zeron P, Bosch X, Ramos-Casals M, Stone JH. IgG4-related disease: advances in the diagnosis and treatment. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2016;30:261-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.berh.2016.07.003
  54. Hocke M, Ignee A, Dietrich CF. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound in the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis. Endoscopy 2011;43:163-165. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1256022
  55. Hocke M, Ignee A, Dietrich CF. Three-dimensional contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound for the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis. Endoscopy 2011;43 Suppl 2 UCTN:E381-E382. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1256893
  56. Saftoiu A, Dietrich CF, Vilmann P. Contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasound. Endoscopy 2012;44:612-617. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1308909
  57. Dietrich CF, Hirche TO, Ott M, Ignee A. Real-time tissue elastography in the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis. Endoscopy 2009;41:718-720. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1214866
  58. Lopez-Serrano A, Crespo J, Pascual I, et al. Diagnosis, treatment and long-term outcomes of autoimmune pancreatitis in Spain based on the International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria: a multi-centre study. Pancreatology 2016;16:382-390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pan.2016.02.006
  59. Sugumar A, Chari S. Autoimmune pancreatitis: an update. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;3:197-204. https://doi.org/10.1586/egh.09.2
  60. Ishikawa T, Itoh A, Kawashima H, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration in the differentiation of type 1 and type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2012;18:3883-3888. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v18.i29.3883
  61. Kanno A, Masamune A, Fujishima F, et al. Diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis by EUS-guided FNA using a 22-gauge needle: a prospective multicenter study. Gastrointest Endosc 2016;84:797-804.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2016.03.1511
  62. Morishima T, Kawashima H, Ohno E, et al. Prospective multicenter study on the usefulness of EUS-guided FNA biopsy for the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis. Gastrointest Endosc 2016;84:241-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2016.01.016
  63. Sharma M, Pathak A, Rameshbabu CS, Rai P, Kirnake V, Shoukat A. Imaging of pancreas divisum by lineararray endoscopic ultrasonography. Endosc Ultrasound 2016;5:21-29. https://doi.org/10.4103/2303-9027.175878
  64. Rana SS, Bhasin DK, Sharma V, Rao C, Singh K. Role of endoscopic ultrasound in the diagnosis of pancreas divisum. Endosc Ultrasound 2013;2:7-10. https://doi.org/10.4103/2303-9027.117712
  65. Puri R, Manrai M, Thandassery RB, Alfadda AA. Endoscopic ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of carcinoma pancreas. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2016;8:67-76.
  66. Dietrich CF, Sahai AV, D'Onofrio M, et al. Differential diagnosis of small solid pancreatic lesions. Gastrointest Endosc 2016;84:933-940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2016.04.034
  67. Nakamura T, Masuda K, Harada S, Akioka K, Sako H. Pancreatic cancer: slow progression in the early stages. Int J Surg Case Rep 2013;4:693-696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2013.04.040
  68. Hocke M, Schulze E, Gottschalk P, Topalidis T, Dietrich CF. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound in discrimination between focal pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2006;12:246-250. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v12.i2.246
  69. Saftoiu A, Vilmann P, Gorunescu F, et al. Accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound elastography used for differential diagnosis of focal pancreatic masses: a multicenter study. Endoscopy 2011;43:596-603. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1256314
  70. Dietrich CF, Dong Y, Froehlich E, Hocke M. Dynamic contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound: a quantification method. Endosc Ultrasound 2017;6:12-20. https://doi.org/10.4103/2303-9027.193595
  71. Piscaglia F, Nolsoe C, Dietrich CF, et al. The EFSUMB guidelines and recommendations on the clinical practice of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS): update 2011 on non-hepatic applications. Ultraschall Med 2012;33:33-59.
  72. Jenssen C, Hocke M, Fusaroli P, et al. EFSUMB guidelines on interventional ultrasound (INVUS), part IV: EUSguided interventions: general aspects and EUS-guided sampling (short version). Ultraschall Med 2016;37:157-169. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1553788
  73. Jenssen C, Hocke M, Fusaroli P, et al. EFSUMB guidelines on interventional ultrasound (INVUS), part IV: EUSguided interventions: general aspects and EUS-guided sampling (long version). Ultraschall Med 2016;37:E33-E76.
  74. Fusaroli P, Jenssen C, Hocke M, et al. EFSUMB guidelines on interventional ultrasound (INVUS), part V: EUS-guided therapeutic interventions (short version). Ultraschall Med 2016;37:412-420. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1553742
  75. Fusaroli P, Jenssen C, Hocke M, et al. EFSUMB guidelines on interventional ultrasound (INVUS), part V. Ultraschall Med 2016;37:77-99.
  76. Hocke M, Dietrich C. Contrast-enhanced sonography and endoscopic ultrasound for the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases. Zentralbl Chir 2014;139:301-307.
  77. Hocke M, Cui XW, Domagk D, Ignee A, Dietrich CF. Pancreatic cystic lesions: the value of contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound to influence the clinical pathway. Endosc Ultrasound 2014;3:123-130. https://doi.org/10.4103/2303-9027.131040
  78. Hocke M, Dietrich CF. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2013;138:732-734. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1332963
  79. Hocke M, Ignee A, Dietrich CF. Advanced endosonographic diagnostic tools for discrimination of focal chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma: elastography, contrast enhanced high mechanical index (CEHMI) and low mechanical index (CELMI) endosonography in direct comparison. Z Gastroenterol 2012;50:199-203. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1281824
  80. Dietrich CF, Sharma M, Hocke M. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound. Endosc Ultrasound 2012;1:130-136.
  81. Pietryga JA, Morgan DE. Imaging preoperatively for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2015;6:343-357.
  82. Frampas E, Morla O, Regenet N, Eugene T, Dupas B, Meurette G. A solid pancreatic mass: tumour or inflammation? Diagn Interv Imaging 2013;94:741-755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diii.2013.03.013
  83. Hocke M, Dietrich CF. Vascularisation pattern of chronic pancreatitis compared with pancreatic carcinoma: results from contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound. Int J Inflam 2012;2012:420787.
  84. Itoh S, Yamakawa K, Shimamoto K, Endo T, Ishigaki T. CT findings in groove pancreatitis: correlation with histopathological findings. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1994;18:911-915. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004728-199411000-00011
  85. Hocke M, Schmidt C, Zimmer B, Topalidis T, Dietrich CF, Stallmach A. Contrast enhanced endosonography for improving differential diagnosis between chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2008;133:1888-1892. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1085571
  86. Hirche TO, Ignee A, Barreiros AP, et al. Indications and limitations of endoscopic ultrasound elastography for evaluation of focal pancreatic lesions. Endoscopy 2008; 40:910-917. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1077726
  87. Cosgrove D, Piscaglia F, Bamber J, et al. EFSUMB guidelines and recommendations on the clinical use of ultrasound elastography. Part 2: clinical applications. Ultraschall Med 2013;34:238-253. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1335375
  88. Saftoiu A, Vilmann P, Gorunescu F, et al. Efficacy of an artificial neural network-based approach to endoscopic ultrasound elastography in diagnosis of focal pancreatic masses. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012;10:84-90.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2011.09.014
  89. Dietrich CF, Saftoiu A, Jenssen C. Real time elastography endoscopic ultrasound (RTE-EUS), a comprehensive review. Eur J Radiol 2014;83:405-414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2013.03.023
  90. Braden B, Jenssen C, D'Onofrio M, et al. B-mode and contrast-enhancement characteristics of small nonincidental neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors. Endosc Ultrasound 2017;6:49-54.
  91. Iordache S, Angelescu R, Filip MM, et al. Power Doppler endoscopic ultrasound for the assessment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Endosc Ultrasound 2012;1:150-155.
  92. Palazzo M. Role of contrast harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography in other pancreatic solid lesions: Neuroendocrine tumors, autoimmune pancreatitis and metastases. Endosc Ultrasound 2016;5:373-376. https://doi.org/10.4103/2303-9027.195870
  93. Pang JC, Roh MH. Metastases to the pancreas encountered on endoscopic ultrasound-guided, fine-needle aspiration. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2015;139:1248-1252. https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2015-0200-RA
  94. Pannala R, Hallberg-Wallace KM, Smith AL, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology of metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the pancreas: a multi-center experience. Cytojournal 2016;13:24. https://doi.org/10.4103/1742-6413.192191
  95. Karakan T, Cengiz M, Ibis M, Akyurek N, Unal S. Pancreatic metastasis in a case of small cell lung carcinoma diagnosed by EUS. Turk J Gastroenterol 2015;26:53-55. https://doi.org/10.5152/tjg.2015.3687
  96. Anand D, Lall C, Bhosale P, Ganeshan D, Qayyum A. Current update on primary pancreatic lymphoma. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2016;41:347-355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-015-0620-8
  97. Mahajan R, Simon EG, Chacko A, et al. Endoscopic ultrasonography in pediatric patients: experience from a tertiary care center in India. Indian J Gastroenterol 2016;35:14-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12664-016-0619-2
  98. Law JK, Stoita A, Wever W, et al. Endoscopic ultrasoundguided fine needle aspiration improves the pre-operative diagnostic yield of solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas: an international multicenter case series (with video). Surg Endosc 2014;28:2592-2598. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-014-3508-8
  99. Jung WS, Kim JK, Yu JS, Kim JH, Cho ES, Chung JJ. Comparison of abdominal ultrasonographic findings with endoscopic ultrasonographic findings of solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas. Ultrasound Q 2014;30:173-178. https://doi.org/10.1097/RUQ.0000000000000093
  100. Beyer-Enke SA, Hocke M, Ignee A, Braden B, Dietrich CF. Contrast enhanced transabdominal ultrasound in the characterisation of pancreatic lesions with cystic appearance. JOP 2010;11:427-433.
  101. Jenssen C, Kahl S. Management of incidental pancreatic cystic lesions. Viszeralmedizin 2015;31:14-24.
  102. Karoumpalis I, Christodoulou DK. Cystic lesions of the pancreas. Ann Gastroenterol 2016;29:155-161.
  103. Seicean A, Badea R, Stan-Iuga R, Gulei I, Pop T, Pascu O. The added value of real-time harmonics contrastenhanced endoscopic ultrasonography for the characterisation of pancreatic diseases in routine practice. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2010;19:99-104.
  104. Ketwaroo GA, Mortele KJ, Sawhney MS. Pancreatic cystic neoplasms: an update. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2016;45:67-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gtc.2015.10.006
  105. Goh BK, Tan YM, Yap WM, et al. Pancreatic serous oligocystic adenomas: clinicopathologic features and a comparison with serous microcystic adenomas and mucinous cystic neoplasms. World J Surg 2006;30:1553-1559. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-005-0749-7
  106. Nilsson LN, Keane MG, Shamali A, et al. Nature and management of pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN): a systematic review of the literature. Pancreatology 2016;16:1028-1036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pan.2016.09.011
  107. Tanaka M, Fernandez-del Castillo C, Adsay V, et al. International consensus guidelines 2012 for the management of IPMN and MCN of the pancreas. Pancreatology 2012;12:183-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pan.2012.04.004
  108. Ohno E, Hirooka Y, Itoh A, et al. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas: differentiation of malignant and benign tumors by endoscopic ultrasound findings of mural nodules. Ann Surg 2009;249:628-634. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181a189a8
  109. Ohno E, Itoh A, Kawashima H, et al. Malignant transformation of branch duct-type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas based on contrastenhanced endoscopic ultrasonography morphological changes: focus on malignant transformation of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm itself. Pancreas 2012;41:855-862. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPA.0b013e3182480c44
  110. Yamashita Y, Ueda K, Itonaga M, et al. Usefulness of contrast-enhanced endoscopic sonography for discriminating mural nodules from mucous clots in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms: a single-center prospective study. J Ultrasound Med 2013;32:61-68. https://doi.org/10.7863/jum.2013.32.1.61
  111. Fujita M, Itoi T, Ikeuchi N, et al. Effectiveness of contrastenhanced endoscopic ultrasound for detecting mural nodules in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas and for making therapeutic decisions. Endosc Ultrasound 2016;5:377-383. https://doi.org/10.4103/2303-9027.190927
  112. Fusaroli P, Serrani M, De Giorgio R, et al. Contrast harmonic-endoscopic ultrasound is useful to identify neoplastic features of pancreatic cysts (with videos). Pancreas 2016;45:265-268. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPA.0000000000000441
  113. Kamata K, Kitano M, Omoto S, et al. Contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography for differential diagnosis of pancreatic cysts. Endoscopy 2016;48:35-41. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-100806
  114. Yamamoto N, Kato H, Tomoda T, et al. Contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography with time-intensity curve analysis for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas. Endoscopy 2016;48:26-34.
  115. Chiorean L, Cui XW, Klein SA, et al. Clinical value of imaging for lymph nodes evaluation with particular emphasis on ultrasonography. Z Gastroenterol 2016;54:774-790. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-108656
  116. Dietrich CF, Jenssen C, Arcidiacono PG, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound: elastographic lymph node evaluation. Endosc Ultrasound 2015;4:176-190. https://doi.org/10.4103/2303-9027.162995
  117. Dietrich CF, Annema JT, Clementsen P, Cui XW, Borst MM, Jenssen C. Ultrasound techniques in the evaluation of the mediastinum, part I: endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and transcutaneous mediastinal ultrasound (TMUS), introduction into ultrasound techniques. J Thorac Dis 2015;7:E311-E325.
  118. Dietrich CF, Jenssen C, Herth FJ. Endobronchial ultrasound elastography. Endosc Ultrasound 2016;5:233-238. https://doi.org/10.4103/2303-9027.187866
  119. Jenssen C, Annema JT, Clementsen P, Cui XW, Borst MM, Dietrich CF. Ultrasound techniques in the evaluation of the mediastinum, part 2: mediastinal lymph node anatomy and diagnostic reach of ultrasound techniques, clinical work up of neoplastic and inflammatory mediastinal lymphadenopathy using ultrasound techniques and how to learn mediastinal endosonography. J Thorac Dis 2015;7:E439-E458.
  120. Sharma M, Rameshbabu CS, Dietrich CF, Rai P, Bansal R. Endoscopic ultrasound of the hepatoduodenal ligament and liver hilum. Endosc Ultrasound 2016 Nov 8 [Epub]. https://doi.org/10.4103/2303-9027.193584.
  121. Hirche TO, Russler J, Braden B, et al. Sonographic detection of perihepatic lymphadenopathy is an indicator for primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Int J Colorectal Dis 2004;19:586-594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-004-0598-0
  122. Dietrich CF, Stryjek-Kaminska D, Teuber G, Lee JH, Caspary WF, Zeuzem S. Perihepatic lymph nodes as a marker of antiviral response in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000;174:699-704. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.174.3.1740699
  123. Dietrich CF, Leuschner MS, Zeuzem S, et al. Peri-hepatic lymphadenopathy in primary biliary cirrhosis reflects progression of the disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999;11:747-753.
  124. Dietrich CF, Lee JH, Herrmann G, et al. Enlargement of perihepatic lymph nodes in relation to liver histology and viremia in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 1997;26:467-472. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.510260230
  125. Dietrich CF, Gottschalk R, Herrmann G, Caspary WF, Zeuzem S. Sonographic detection of lymph nodes in the hepatoduodenal ligament. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1997;122:1269-1274.
  126. Tio TL, Kallimanis GE. Endoscopic ultrasonography of perigastrointestinal lymph nodes. Endoscopy 1994;26:776-779. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1009104
  127. Ahuja A, Ying M, Evans R, King W, Metreweli C. The application of ultrasound criteria for malignancy in differentiating tuberculous cervical adenitis from metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clin Radiol 1995;50:391-395. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-9260(05)83136-8
  128. Dragoni F, Cartoni C, Pescarmona E, et al. The role of high resolution pulsed and color Doppler ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lymphadenopathy: results of multivariate analysis. Cancer 1999;85:2485-2490. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19990601)85:11<2485::AID-CNCR26>3.0.CO;2-Y
  129. Miyata T, Kitano M, Omoto S, et al. Contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography for assessment of lymph node metastases in pancreatobiliary carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016;22:3381-3391. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v22.i12.3381
  130. Cui XW, Jenssen C, Saftoiu A, Ignee A, Dietrich CF. New ultrasound techniques for lymph node evaluation. World J Gastroenterol 2013;19:4850-4860. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v19.i30.4850
  131. Hocke M, Menges M, Topalidis T, Dietrich CF, Stallmach A. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound in discrimination between benign and malignant mediastinal and abdominal lymph nodes. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2008; 134:473-480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-007-0309-7
  132. Bamber J, Cosgrove D, Dietrich CF, et al. EFSUMB guidelines and recommendations on the clinical use of ultrasound elastography. Part 1: basic principles and technology. Ultraschall Med 2013;34:169-184. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1335205
  133. Saftoiu A, Vilmann P, Hassan H, Gorunescu F. Analysis of endoscopic ultrasound elastography used for characterisation and differentiation of benign and malignant lymph nodes. Ultraschall Med 2006;27:535-542. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-927117
  134. Bhutani MS, Nadella P. Utility of an upper echoendoscope for endoscopic ultrasonography of malignant and benign conditions of the sigmoid/left colon and the rectum. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:3318-3322. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.05332.x
  135. Li XT, Zhang XY, Sun YS, Tang L, Cao K. Evaluating rectal tumor staging with magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and endoluminal ultrasound: a metaanalysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016;95:e5333. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000005333
  136. Fernandez Ananin S, Targarona EM, Martinez C, et al. Predicting the pathological features of the mesorectum before the laparoscopic approach to rectal cancer. Surg Endosc 2014;28:3458-3466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-014-3622-7
  137. Otto SD, Lee L, Buhr HJ, Frericks B, Hocht S, Kroesen AJ. Staging anal cancer: prospective comparison of transanal endoscopic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. J Gastrointest Surg 2009;13:1292-1298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-009-0870-2
  138. Barreiros AP, Hirche TO, Ignee A, Nurnberg D, Dietrich CF. Indications and limitations of perineal ultrasound examination. Scand J Gastroenterol 2010;45:764-765. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365521003628343
  139. Allgayer H, Dietrich CF, Rohde W, Koch GF, Tuschhoff T. Prospective comparison of short- and long-term effects of pelvic floor exercise/biofeedback training in patients with fecal incontinence after surgery plus irradiation versus surgery alone for colorectal cancer: clinical, functional and endoscopic/endosonographic findings. Scand J Gastroenterol 2005;40:1168-1175. https://doi.org/10.1080/00365520510023477
  140. Lahat A, Assulin Y, Beer-Gabel M, Chowers Y. Endoscopic ultrasound for perianal Crohn's disease: disease and fistula characteristics, and impact on therapy. J Crohns Colitis 2012;6:311-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crohns.2011.09.001
  141. Hirche TO, Russler J, Schroder O, et al. The value of routinely performed ultrasonography in patients with Crohndisease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2002;37:1178-1183. https://doi.org/10.1080/003655202760373399
  142. Schreiber-Dietrich D, Chiorean L, Cui XW, et al. Particularities of Crohn's disease in pediatric patients: current status and perspectives regarding imaging modalities. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015;9:1313-1325. https://doi.org/10.1586/17474124.2015.1083420
  143. Saranovic D, Krivokapic Z, Masulovic D, et al. Endoanal ultrasonography in establishing the diagnosis of fecal incontinence. Acta Chir Iugosl 2007;54:159-162. https://doi.org/10.2298/ACI0703159S
  144. Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery (SICCR), Pucciani F, Altomare DF, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of faecal incontinence: consensus statement of the Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery and the Italian Association of Hospital Gastroenterologists. Dig Liver Dis 2015;47:628-645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2015.03.028
  145. Fritscher-Ravens A, Sriram PV, Topalidis T, et al. Diagnosing sarcoidosis using endosonography-guided fineneedle aspiration. Chest 2000;118:928-935. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.118.4.928
  146. Tang SJ, Vilmann AS, Saftoiu A, et al. EUS needle identification comparison and evaluation study (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2016;84:424-433.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2016.01.068
  147. Bang JY, Varadarajulu S. Procore and flexible 19 gauge needle can replace trucut biopsy needle? Clin Endosc 2013;46:503-505. https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2013.46.5.503
  148. Bang JY, Hawes R, Varadarajulu S. A meta-analysis comparing ProCore and standard fine-needle aspiration needles for endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition. Endoscopy 2016;48:339-349
  149. Kandel P, Tranesh G, Nassar A, et al. EUS-guided fine needle biopsy sampling using a novel fork-tip needle: a case-control study. Gastrointest Endosc 2016;84:1034-1039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2016.03.1405
  150. Adler DG, Witt B, Chadwick B, et al. Pathologic evaluation of a new endoscopic ultrasound needle designed to obtain core tissue samples: a pilot study. Endosc Ultrasound 2016;5:178-183. https://doi.org/10.4103/2303-9027.183976
  151. DiMaio CJ, Kolb JM, Benias PC, et al. Initial experience with a novel EUS-guided core biopsy needle (SharkCore): results of a large North American multicenter study. Endosc Int Open 2016;4:E974-E979. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-112581
  152. Bang JY, Hebert-Magee S, Hasan MK, Navaneethan U, Hawes R, Varadarajulu S. Endoscopic ultrasonographyguided biopsy using a Franseen needle design: initial assessment. Dig Endosc 2017;29:338-346. https://doi.org/10.1111/den.12769
  153. El Chafic AH, Loren D, Siddiqui A, Mounzer R, Cosgrove N, Kowalski T. Comparison of FNA and fine-needle biopsy for EUS-guided sampling of suspected GI stromal tumors. Gastrointest Endosc 2017;86:510-515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2017.01.010
  154. Kim JH, Park SW, Kim MK, et al. Meta-analysis for cytopathological outcomes in endoscopic ultrasonographyguided fine-needle aspiration with and without the stylet. Dig Dis Sci 2016;61:2175-2184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-016-4130-5
  155. Park SW, Chung MJ, Lee SH, et al. Prospective study for comparison of endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition using 25- and 22-gauge core biopsy needles in solid pancreatic masses. PLoS One 2016;11:e0154401. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154401
  156. Chen JY, Ding QY, Lv Y, et al. Slow-pull and different conventional suction techniques in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of pancreatic solid lesions using 22-gauge needles. World J Gastroenterol 2016;22:8790-8797. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v22.i39.8790
  157. de Luna R, Eloubeidi MA, Sheffield MV, et al. Comparison of ThinPrep and conventional preparations in pancreatic fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Diagn Cytopathol 2004;30:71-76. https://doi.org/10.1002/dc.10349
  158. LeBlanc JK, Emerson RE, Dewitt J, et al. A prospective study comparing rapid assessment of smears and Thin-Prep for endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirates. Endoscopy 2010;42:389-394. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1243841
  159. Yun SS, Remotti H, Vazquez MF, Crapanzano JP, Saqi A. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsies of pancreatic masses: comparison between fine needle aspirations and needle core biopsies. Diagn Cytopathol 2007;35:276-282. https://doi.org/10.1002/dc.20621
  160. Skov BG, Baandrup U, Jakobsen GK, et al. Cytopathologic diagnoses of fine-needle aspirations from endoscopic ultrasound of the mediastinum: reproducibility of the diagnoses and representativeness of aspirates from lymph nodes. Cancer 2007;111:234-241. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.22866
  161. Hocke M, Ignee A, Topalidis T, Dietrich CF. Back to the roots: should gastroenterologists perform their own cytology? Z Gastroenterol 2013;51:191-195. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1313148
  162. Bocking A, Pomjansky N, Buckstegge B, Onofre A. Immunocytochemical identification of carcinomas of unknown primaries on fine-needle-aspiration-biopsies. Pathologe 2009;30 Suppl 2:158-160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-009-1184-6
  163. Lindsey KG, Houser PM, Shotsberger-Gray W, Chajewski OS, Yang J. Young investigator challenge: a novel, simple method for cell block preparation, implementation, and use over 2 years. Cancer 2016;124:885-892.
  164. Ieni A, Barresi V, Todaro P, Caruso RA, Tuccari G. Cellblock procedure in endoscopic ultrasound-guided-fineneedle-aspiration of gastrointestinal solid neoplastic lesions. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2015;7:1014-1022. https://doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v7.i11.1014
  165. Alvarez-Sanchez MV, Jenssen C, Faiss S, Napoleon B. Interventional endoscopic ultrasonography: an overview of safety and complications. Surg Endosc 2014;28:712-734. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-013-3260-5
  166. Jenssen C, Faiss S, Nurnberg D. Complications of endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound-guided interventions: results of a survey among German centers. Z Gastroenterol 2008;46:1177-1184. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1027334
  167. Sun L, Lu L, Fu W, Li W, Liu T. Gastric bronchogenic cyst presenting as a gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015;8:13606-13612.
  168. Antonini F, Fuccio L, Fabbri C, Macarri G, Palazzo L. Management of serous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015;9:115-125. https://doi.org/10.1586/17474124.2014.934675
  169. Hackert T, Fritz S, Klauss M, et al. Main-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm: high cancer risk in duct diameter of 5 to 9 mm. Ann Surg 2015;262:875-880. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000001462
  170. Crippa S, Bassi C, Salvia R, et al. Low progression of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms with worrisome features and high-risk stigmata undergoing nonoperative management: a mid-term follow-up analysis. Gut 2017;66:495-506. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310162
  171. Sakorafas GH, Smyrniotis V, Reid-Lombardo KM, Sarr MG. Primary pancreatic cystic neoplasms revisited: part II. Mucinous cystic neoplasms. Surg Oncol 2011;20:e93-e101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suronc.2010.12.003
  172. Bick BL, Enders FT, Levy MJ, et al. The string sign for diagnosis of mucinous pancreatic cysts. Endoscopy 2015;47:626-631. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1391484
  173. Linder JD, Geenen JE, Catalano MF. Cyst fluid analysis obtained by EUS-guided FNA in the evaluation of discrete cystic neoplasms of the pancreas: a prospective single-center experience. Gastrointest Endosc 2006;64:697-702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2006.01.070
  174. Sand JA, Hyoty MK, Mattila J, Dagorn JC, Nordback IH. Clinical assessment compared with cyst fluid analysis in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions in the pancreas. Surgery 1996;119:275-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-6060(96)80113-9
  175. Oh SH, Lee JK, Lee KT, Lee KH, Woo YS, Noh DH. The combination of cyst fluid carcinoembryonic antigen, cytology and viscosity increases the diagnostic accuracy of mucinous pancreatic cysts. Gut Liver 2017;11:283-289. https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl15650
  176. Al-Haddad M, DeWitt J, Sherman S, et al. Performance characteristics of molecular (DNA) analysis for the diagnosis of mucinous pancreatic cysts. Gastrointest Endosc 2014;79:79-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2013.05.026
  177. Singhi AD, Zeh HJ, Brand RE, et al. American Gastroenterological Association guidelines are inaccurate in detecting pancreatic cysts with advanced neoplasia: a clinicopathologic study of 225 patients with supporting molecular data. Gastrointest Endosc 2016;83:1107-1117.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2015.12.009
  178. Guo X, Zhan X, Li Z. Molecular analyses of aspirated cystic fluid for the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions of the pancreas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2016;2016:3546085.
  179. Lee JH, Kim Y, Choi JW, Kim YS. KRAS, GNAS, and RNF43 mutations in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas: a meta-analysis. Springerplus 2016;5:1172. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-2847-4
  180. Allen PJ, D'Angelica M, Gonen M, et al. A selective approach to the resection of cystic lesions of the pancreas: results from 539 consecutive patients. Ann Surg 2006;244:572-582.
  181. Sahani DV, Saokar A, Hahn PF, Brugge WR, Fernandez-Del Castillo C. Pancreatic cysts 3 cm or smaller: how aggressive should treatment be? Radiology 2006;238:912-919. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2382041806
  182. Ito H, Inoue H, Ryozawa S, et al. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy and endoscopic ultrasound for pretreatment pathological diagnosis of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2012;2012:139083.
  183. Jenssen C, Moller K, Wagner S, Sarbia M. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy: diagnostic yield, pitfalls, quality management part 1: optimizing specimen collection and diagnostic efficiency. Z Gastroenterol 2008;46:590-600. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1027413
  184. Vilmann P, Clementsen PF, Colella S, et al. Combined endobronchial and esophageal endosonography for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline, in cooperation with the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS). Endoscopy 2015;47:545-559. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1392040
  185. Dietrich CF. Contrast-enhanced endobronchial ultrasound: potential value of a new method. Endosc Ultrasound 2017;6:43-48. https://doi.org/10.4103/2303-9027.200215
  186. Zhao H, Xie Z, Zhou ZL, Sui XZ, Wang J. Diagnostic value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in intrapulmonary lesions. Chin Med J (Engl) 2013;126:4312-4315.
  187. Vigliar E, Malapelle U, Bellevicine C, de Luca C, Troncone G. Outsourcing cytological samples to a referral laboratory for EGFR testing in non-small cell lung cancer: does theory meet practice? Cytopathology 2015;26:312-317. https://doi.org/10.1111/cyt.12221
  188. Song HJ, Kim JO, Eun SH, et al. Endoscopic ultrasonograpic findings of benign mediastinal and abdominal lymphadenopathy confirmed by EUS-guided fine needle aspiration. Gut Liver 2007;1:68-73. https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl.2007.1.1.68
  189. Ribeiro C, Oliveira A, Neves S, et al. Diagnosis of sarcoidosis in the endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration era. Rev Port Pneumol 2014;20:237-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rppneu.2014.02.005
  190. Talebian Yazdi M, von Bartheld MB, Waaijenborg FG, et al. Endosonography for the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma presenting with mediastinal lymphadenopathy. J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol 2014;21:298-305. https://doi.org/10.1097/LBR.0000000000000093
  191. Sharma M, Ecka RS, Somasundaram A, Shoukat A, Kirnake V. Endoscopic ultrasound in mediastinal tuberculosis. Lung India 2016;33:129-134. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-2113.177451
  192. Barreiros AP, Braden B, Schieferstein-Knauer C, Ignee A, Dietrich CF. Characteristics of intestinal tuberculosis in ultrasonographic techniques. Scand J Gastroenterol 2008;43:1224-1231. https://doi.org/10.1080/00365520802158606
  193. Dietrich CF, Wehrmann T, Hoffmann C, Herrmann G, Caspary WF, Seifert H. Detection of the adrenal glands by endoscopic or transabdominal ultrasound. Endoscopy 1997;29:859-864. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1004322
  194. Dietrich CF, Ignee A, Barreiros AP, et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for imaging of adrenal masses. Ultraschall Med 2010;31:163-168.
  195. Barreiros AP, Chiorean L, Braden B, Dietrich CF. Ultrasound in rare diffuse liver disease. Z Gastroenterol 2014;52:1247-1256. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1384996
  196. Ignee A, Cui X, Hirche T, et al. Percutaneous biopsies of splenic lesions: a clinical and contrast enhanced ultrasound based algorithm. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2014;58:529-541.
  197. Trojan J, Schwarz W, Sarrazin C, Thalhammer A, Vogl TJ, Dietrich CF. Role of ultrasonography in the detection of small adrenal masses. Ultraschall Med 2002;23:96-100. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-25190
  198. Patil R, Ona MA, Papafragkakis C, Duddempudi S, Anand S, Jamil LH. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration in the diagnosis of adrenal lesions. Ann Gastroenterol 2016;29:307-311.
  199. Jenssen C, Dietrich CF. Ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound of the adrenal glands. Ultraschall Med 2010;31:228-247. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1245449
  200. DeWitt JM. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of right adrenal masses: report of 2 cases. J Ultrasound Med 2008;27:261-267. https://doi.org/10.7863/jum.2008.27.2.261
  201. Sadeghi A, Mohamadnejad M, Islami F, et al. Diagnostic yield of EUS-guided FNA for malignant biliary stricture: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 2016;83:290-298.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2015.09.024
  202. Hammoud GM, Almashhrawi A, Ibdah JA. Usefulness of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis of hepatic, gallbladder and biliary tract Lesions. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2014;6:420-429. https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v6.i11.420
  203. Handa U, Tiwari A, Singhal N, Mohan H, Kaur R. Utility of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration in splenic lesions. Diagn Cytopathol 2013;41:1038-1042. https://doi.org/10.1002/dc.21812
  204. Korevaar DA, Colella S, Spijker R, et al. Esophageal endosonography for the diagnosis of intrapulmonary tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respiration 2017;93:126-137. https://doi.org/10.1159/000452958
  205. Gunaratnam NT, Sarma AV, Norton ID, Wiersema MJ. A prospective study of EUS-guided celiac plexus neurolysis for pancreatic cancer pain. Gastrointest Endosc 2001;54:316-324. https://doi.org/10.1067/mge.2001.117515
  206. Chantarojanasiri T, Aswakul P, Prachayakul V. Uncommon complications of therapeutic endoscopic ultrasonography: what, why, and how to prevent. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2015;7:960-968. https://doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v7.i10.960
  207. Armellini E, Crino SF, Ballare M, Pallio S, Occhipinti P. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: a case study and literature review. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2016;8:192-197. https://doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v8.i3.192
  208. Jurgensen C, Schuppan D, Neser F, Ernstberger J, Junghans U, Stolzel U. EUS-guided alcohol ablation of an insulinoma. Gastrointest Endosc 2006;63:1059-1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2005.10.034
  209. Dietrich CF, Chiorean L, Potthoff A, Ignee A, Cui X, Sparchez Z. Percutaneous sclerotherapy of liver and renal cysts, comments on the EFSUMB guidelines. Z Gastroenterol 2016;54:155-166. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-106594
  210. Park JS, Seo DW, Song TJ, et al. Endoscopic ultrasoundguided ablation of branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms: feasibility and safety tests using porcine gallbladders. Dig Endosc 2016;28:599-606. https://doi.org/10.1111/den.12628
  211. Vazquez-Sequeiros E, Maluf-Filho F. Endosonographyguided ablation of pancreatic cystic tumors: Is it justified? Gastrointest Endosc 2016;83:921-923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2015.10.032
  212. Majumder S, Berzin TM, Mahadevan A, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic fiducial placement: how important is ideal fiducial geometry? Pancreas 2013;42:692-695. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPA.0b013e3182864559
  213. Besselink MG, de Bruijn MT, Rutten JP, et al. Surgical intervention in patients with necrotizing pancreatitis. Br J Surg 2006;93:593-599. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.5287
  214. Seifert H, Wehrmann T, Schmitt T, Zeuzem S, Caspary WF. Retroperitoneal endoscopic debridement for infected peripancreatic necrosis. Lancet 2000;356:653-655. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02611-8
  215. Dietrich CF, Hocke M, Jenssen C. Interventional endosonography. Ultraschall Med 2011;32:8-22. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1246017
  216. Braden B, Dietrich CF. Endoscopic ultrasonographyguided endoscopic treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts and walled-off necrosis: new technical developments. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:16191-16196. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i43.16191
  217. Seifert H, Dietrich C, Schmitt T, Caspary W, Wehrmann T. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided one-step transmural drainage of cystic abdominal lesions with a large-channel echo endoscope. Endoscopy 2000;32:255-259. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-93
  218. Seifert H, Faust D, Schmitt T, Dietrich C, Caspary W, Wehrmann T. Transmural drainage of cystic peripancreatic lesions with a new large-channel echo endoscope. Endoscopy 2001;33:1022-1026. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-18927
  219. Bang JY, Varadarajulu S. Management of walled-off necrosis using the multiple transluminal gateway technique with the Hot AXIOS System. Dig Endosc 2016;28:103.
  220. Hocke M, Will U, Gottschalk P, Settmacher U, Stallmach A. Transgastral retroperitoneal endoscopy in septic patients with pancreatic necrosis or infected pancreatic pseudocysts. Z Gastroenterol 2008;46:1363-1368. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1027616
  221. Dietrich CF, Rudd L, Saftiou A, Gilja OH. The EFSUMB website, a great source for ultrasound information and education. Med Ultrason 2017;19:102-110. https://doi.org/10.11152/mu-938
  222. Lorentzen T, Nolsoe CP, Ewertsen C, et al. EFSUMB guidelines on interventional ultrasound (INVUS), part I: general aspects (long version). Ultraschall Med 2015;36:E1-E14.
  223. Lorentzen T, Nolsoe CP, Ewertsen C, et al. EFSUMB guidelines on interventional ultrasound (INVUS), part I: general aspects (short version). Ultraschall Med 2015;36:464-472. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1553601
  224. Sidhu PS, Brabrand K, Cantisani V, et al. EFSUMB guidelines on interventional ultrasound (INVUS), part II: diagnostic ultrasound-guided interventional procedures (long version). Ultraschall Med 2015;36:E15-E35. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1554036
  225. Sidhu PS, Brabrand K, Cantisani V, et al. EFSUMB guidelines on interventional ultrasound (INVUS), part II: diagnostic ultrasound-guided interventional procedures (short version). Ultraschall Med 2015;36:566-580. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1566760
  226. Dietrich CF, Lorentzen T, Appelbaum L, et al. EFSUMB guidelines on interventional ultrasound (INVUS), part III: abdominal treatment procedures (short version). Ultraschall Med 2016;37:27-45. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1553965
  227. Dietrich CF, Lorentzen T, Appelbaum L, et al. EFSUMB guidelines on interventional ultrasound (INVUS), part III: abdominal treatment procedures (long version). Ultraschall Med 2016;37:E1-E32. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1566900
  228. Dietrich CF, Lorentzen T, Sidhu PS, et al. An introduction to the EFSUMB guidelines on interventional ultrasound (INVUS). Ultraschall Med 2015;36:460-463. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1553462
  229. Dietrich CF. EFSUMB guidelines 2015 on interventional ultrasound. Med Ultrason 2015;17:521-527.
  230. Burmester E, Niehaus J, Leineweber T, Huetteroth T. EUS-cholangio-drainage of the bile duct: report of 4 cases. Gastrointest Endosc 2003;57:246-251. https://doi.org/10.1067/mge.2003.85
  231. Will U, Thieme A, Fueldner F, Gerlach R, Wanzar I, Meyer F. Treatment of biliary obstruction in selected patients by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided transluminal biliary drainage. Endoscopy 2007;39:292-295. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-966215
  232. Khan MA, Akbar A, Baron TH, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2016;61:684-703. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-015-3933-0
  233. Wang K, Zhu J, Xing L, Wang Y, Jin Z, Li Z. Assessment of efficacy and safety of EUS-guided biliary drainage: a systematic review. Gastrointest Endosc 2016;83:1218-1227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2015.10.033
  234. Sharaiha RZ, Khan MA, Kamal F, et al. Efficacy and safety of EUS-guided biliary drainage in comparison with percutaneous biliary drainage when ERCP fails: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 2017;85:904-914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2016.12.023
  235. Lee TH, Choi JH, Park DH, et al. Similar efficacies of endoscopic ultrasound-guided transmural and percutaneous drainage for malignant distal biliary obstruction. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016;14:1011-1019.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2015.12.032
  236. Will U, Meyer F. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided transluminal cholangiodrainage (EUCD): a novel option of interventional endoscopy in the interdiciplinary management of obstructive jaundice. Zentralbl Chir 2012;137:20-31. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1283913
  237. Tyberg A, Saumoy M, Sequeiros EV, et al. EUS-guided versus percutaneous gallbladder drainage: isn't it time to convert? J Clin Gastroenterol 2018;52:79-84.
  238. Dollhopf M, Larghi A, Will U, et al. Eus-guided gallbladder drainage in patients with acute cholecystitis and high surgical risk using an electrocautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stent device. Gastrointest Endosc 2017;86:636-643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2017.02.027
  239. Irani S, Ngamruengphong S, Teoh A, et al. Similar efficacies of endoscopic ultrasound gallbladder drainage with a lumen-apposing metal stent versus percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017;15:738-745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2016.12.021
  240. Teoh AY, Serna C, Penas I, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage reduces adverse events compared with percutaneous cholecystostomy in patients who are unfit for cholecystectomy. Endoscopy 2017;49:130-138.
  241. Will U, Reichel A, Fueldner F, Meyer F. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided drainage for patients with symptomatic obstruction and enlargement of the pancreatic duct. World J Gastroenterol 2015;21:13140-13151. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i46.13140
  242. Chen YI, Levy MJ, Moreels TG, et al. An international multicenter study comparing EUS-guided pancreatic duct drainage with enteroscopy-assisted endoscopic retrograde pancreatography after Whipple surgery. Gastrointest Endosc 2017;85:170-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2016.07.031
  243. Tyberg A, Sharaiha RZ, Kedia P, et al. EUS-guided pancreatic drainage for pancreatic strictures after failed ERCP: a multicenter international collaborative study. Gastrointest Endosc 2017;85:164-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2016.07.030
  244. Will U, Fuldner F, Reichel A, Meyer F. EUS-guided drainage of the pancreatic duct (EUPD): promising therapeutic alternative to surgical intervention in case of symptomatic retention of the pancreatic duct and unsuccessful ERP. Zentralbl Chir 2014;139:318-325.
  245. Dietrich CF, Ignee A, Frey H. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound with low mechanical index: a new technique. Z Gastroenterol 2005;43:1219-1223. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-858662
  246. Giovannini M. Contrast-enhanced and 3-dimensional endoscopic ultrasonography. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2010;39:845-858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gtc.2010.08.027
  247. Dietrich CF, Averkiou MA, Correas JM, Lassau N, Leen E, Piscaglia F. An EFSUMB introduction into dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) for quantification of tumour perfusion. Ultraschall Med 2012;33:344-351. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1313026
  248. Shirley LA, Aguilar LK, Aguilar-Cordova E, Bloomston M, Walker JP. Therapeutic endoscopic ultrasonography: intratumoral injection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2013;2013:207129.
  249. Tardy I, Pochon S, Theraulaz M, et al. Ultrasound molecular imaging of VEGFR2 in a rat prostate tumor model using BR55. Invest Radiol 2010;45:573-578. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0b013e3181ee8b83
  250. Dimcevski G, Kotopoulis S, Bjanes T, et al. A human clinical trial using ultrasound and microbubbles to enhance gemcitabine treatment of inoperable pancreatic cancer. J Control Release 2016;243:172-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.10.007
  251. Kotopoulis S, Delalande A, Popa M, et al. Sonoporation-enhanced chemotherapy significantly reduces primary tumour burden in an orthotopic pancreatic cancer xenograft. Mol Imaging Biol 2014;16:53-62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11307-013-0672-5
  252. Chen YI, Itoi T, Baron TH, et al. EUS-guided gastroenterostomy is comparable to enteral stenting with fewer re-interventions in malignant gastric outlet obstruction. Surg Endosc 2017;31:2946-2952. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-016-5311-1
  253. Itoi T, Ishii K, Ikeuchi N, et al. Prospective evaluation of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided double-balloon-occluded gastrojejunostomy bypass (EPASS) for malignant gastric outlet obstruction. Gut 2016;65:193-195. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310348
  254. Itoi T, Tsuchiya T, Tonozuka R, Ijima M, Kusano C. Novel EUS-guided double-balloon-occluded gastrojejunostomy bypass. Gastrointest Endosc 2016;83:461-462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2015.08.030
  255. Tyberg A, Perez-Miranda M, Sanchez-Ocana R, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastrojejunostomy with a lumen-apposing metal stent: a multicenter, international experience. Endosc Int Open 2016;4:E276-E281. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-101789

Cited by

  1. Editorial on the Special Issue of Applied Sciences on the Topic of Elastography vol.8, pp.8, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081232
  2. What should be known prior to performing EUS? vol.8, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4103/eus.eus_54_18
  3. Endovascular hemostasis for endoscopic procedure-related gastrointestinal bleeding vol.8, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.18528/ijgii190009
  4. Elastography of the Pancreas, Current View vol.52, pp.6, 2019, https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2018.156
  5. Clinical impact of strain histogram EUS elastography and contrast-enhanced EUS for the differential diagnosis of focal pancreatic masses: A prospective multicentric study vol.9, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4103/eus.eus_69_19
  6. Endosonografie in der Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie vol.14, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1029-5836
  7. Controversies in EUS: Do we need miniprobes? vol.10, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4103/eus-d-20-00252