Nutrition Research and Practice

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Comparison of the effect of three licorice varieties on cognitive improvement via an amelioration of neuroinflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced mice

  • Cho, Min Ji (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University) ;
  • Kim, Ji Hyun (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University) ;
  • Park, Chan Hum (Department of Herbal Crop Research, NIHHS, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Ah Young (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University) ;
  • Shin, Yu Su (Department of Herbal Crop Research, NIHHS, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Jeong Hoon (Department of Herbal Crop Research, NIHHS, RDA) ;
  • Park, Chun Geun (Department of Herbal Crop Research, NIHHS, RDA) ;
  • Cho, Eun Ju (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University)
  • Received : 2017.11.20
  • Accepted : 2018.02.08
  • Published : 2018.06.01
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Abstract

BACKGROUD/OBJECTIVES: Neuroinflammation plays critical role in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the effect of three licorice varieties, Glycyrhiza uralensis, G. glabra, and Shinwongam (SW) on a mouse model of inflammation-induced memory and cognitive deficit. MATERIALS/METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 2.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and orally administrated G. uralensis, G. glabra, and SW extract (150 mg/kg/day). SW, a new species of licorice in Korea, was combined with G. uralensis and G. glabra. Behavioral tests, including the T-maze, novel object recognition and Morris water maze, were carried out to assess learning and memory. In addition, the expressions of inflammation-related proteins in brain tissue were measured by western blotting. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in spatial and objective recognition memory in LPS-induced cognitive impairment group, as measured by the T-maze and novel object recognition test; however, the administration of licorice ameliorated these deficits. In addition, licorice-treated groups exhibited improved learning and memory ability in the Morris water maze. Furthermore, LPS-injected mice had up-regulated pro-inflammatory proteins, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-6, via activation of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-kappa B ($NF{\kappa}B$) pathways in the brain. However, these were attenuated by following administration of the three licorice varieties. Interestingly, the SW-administered group showed greater inhibition of iNOS and TLR4 when compared with the other licorice varieties. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brain of LPS-induced cognitively impaired mice that were administered licorice, with the greatest effect following SW treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The three licorice varieties ameliorated the inflammation-induced cognitive dysfunction by down-regulating inflammatory proteins and up-regulating BDNF. These results suggest that licorice, in particular SW, could be potential therapeutic agents against cognitive impairment.

Keywords

References

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