Abstract
The effect of fault on the stability of the closely-spaced twin tunnels located in fault zones was investigated by numerical analyses and scaled model tests on condition of varying widths, inclinations and material properties of fault. When obtaining the strength/stress ratios of pillar between twin tunnels, three different stresses were used which were measured at the middle point of pillar, calculated to whole average along the pillar section and measured at the left/right edges of pillar. Among them, the method by use of the left/right edges turned out to be the most conservative stability estimation regardless of the presence of fault and reflected the excavating procedures of tunnel in real time. It was also found that the strength/stress ratios of pillar were decreased as the widths and inclinations of fault were increased and as the material properties of fault were decreased on condition using the stresses measured at the left/right edges of pillar. As a result of scaled model tests, it was found that the model with fault showed less crack initiating pressure than the model without fault. As the width of fault was larger, tunnel stability was decreased. The fault had also a great influence on the failure behavior of tunnels, such as the model without fault showed failure cracks generated horizontally at the left/right edges of pillar and at the sidewalls of twin tunnels, whereas the model with fault showed failure cracks directionally generated at the center of pillar located in the fault zone.
단층대에 위치한 근접병설터널에 대하여 단층의 폭과 경사, 단층암의 물성을 달리한 수치해석과 모형실험을 통해 단층이 터널 안정성에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 병설터널 사이에 존재하는 필라의 강도/응력비를 구할 때는 필라 중앙부의 응력, 필라 전체의 평균응력, 필라 좌우단부의 응력을 각각 적용하였는데, 이중 마지막 방법은 단층대의 유무에 관계없이 터널 안정성의 보수적 평가에 적합하였고 터널 굴착시점을 실시간적으로 반영하였다. 필라 좌우단부의 응력을 적용하여 구한 강도/응력비는 단층의 폭과 경사가 커질수록, 단층암의 물성이 연약할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 축소모형실험에서 단층을 포함한 모형은 불포함 모형에 비해 균열개시압력이 작았고, 단층의 폭이 큰 모형일수록 터널 안정성은 낮게 나타났다. 단층은 터널의 파괴거동에도 큰 영향을 미쳤는데, 단층이 없는 모형에서는 필라의 좌우하단부와 양쪽터널 측벽부에서 수평방향의 균열이 발생하였지만, 단층을 포함한 모형에서는 필라부 단층대에서 경사진 균열이 발생하였다.
