Journal of Environmental Science International (한국환경과학회지)

The Korean Environmental Sciences Society (한국환경과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Characteristics of PM10 in Gwangju Using Factor Analysis

인자분석을 이용한 광주지역 미세먼지(PM10)의 특성 연구

  • Lee, Se-Haeng (Gwanju Metropolitan Health & Environment Research Institute Department of Environmental Engineering) ;
  • Seo, Gwang-yeop (Gwanju Metropolitan Health & Environment Research Institute Department of Environmental Engineering) ;
  • Yoon, Sang-Hoon (Gwanju Metropolitan Health & Environment Research Institute Department of Environmental Engineering) ;
  • Yang, Yoon-Cheol (Gwanju Metropolitan Health & Environment Research Institute Department of Environmental Engineering) ;
  • Kim, Sun-Jung (Gwanju Metropolitan Health & Environment Research Institute Department of Environmental Engineering) ;
  • Cho, Young-gwan (Gwanju Metropolitan Health & Environment Research Institute Department of Environmental Engineering) ;
  • Bae, Seok-Jin (Gwanju Metropolitan Health & Environment Research Institute Department of Environmental Engineering)
  • 이세행 (광주광역시보건환경연구원 환경연구부) ;
  • 서광엽 (광주광역시보건환경연구원 환경연구부) ;
  • 윤상훈 (광주광역시보건환경연구원 환경연구부) ;
  • 양윤철 (광주광역시보건환경연구원 환경연구부) ;
  • 김선정 (광주광역시보건환경연구원 환경연구부) ;
  • 조영관 (광주광역시보건환경연구원 환경연구부) ;
  • 배석진 (광주광역시보건환경연구원 환경연구부)
  • Received : 2018.01.24
  • Accepted : 2018.03.23
  • Published : 2018.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The objective of this study was to estimate air quality trends in the study area by surveying monthly and seasonal concentration trends. To do this, the mass concentration of $PM_{10}$ samples and the metals, ions, and total carbon in the $PM_{10}$ were analyzed. The mean concentration of $PM_{10}$ was $33.9{\mu}g/m^3$. The composition of $PM_{10}$ was 39.2% ionic species, 5.1% metallic species, and 26.6% carbonic species (EC and OC). Ionic species, especially sulfate, ammonium, and nitrate, were the most abundant in the $PM_{10}$ and had a high correlation coefficient with $PM_{10}$. Seasonal variation of $PM_{10}$ showed a similar pattern to those of ionic and metallic species. with high concentration during the winter and spring seasons. $PM_{10}$ showed high correlation with the ionic species $NO_3{^-}$ and $NH_4{^+}$. In addition, $NH_4{^+}$ was highly correlated with $SO{_4}^{2-}$ and $NO_3{^-}$. We obtained four factors through factor analysis and determined the pollution sources using the United States Environmental Protection Agency(U.S. EPA) pollution profile. The first factor accounted for 51.1% of $PM_{10}$ from complex sources, that is, soil, motor vehicles, and secondary particles: the second factor indicated marine sources; the third factor, industry-related sources; and the last factor, heating-related sources. However, the pollution profile used in this study may be somewhat different from the actual situation in Korea because it was from US EPA. Therefore, to more accurately estimate the pollutants present, it is necessary to create a pollution profile for Korea.

Keywords

References

  1. Hu, M., He, L. Y., Zhang, Y. H., Wang, M., Kim, Y. P., Moon, K. C., 2002, Seasonal variation of ionic species in fine particles at Qingdao, China, Atmos. Environ., 36, 5853-5859. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00581-2
  2. Hwang, I. J., Kim, D. S., 2013, Research trends of receptor models in Korea and foreign countries and improvement directions for air quality management, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 29, 459-476. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2013.29.4.459
  3. Hwang, I. J., Kim, T. O., Kim, D. S., 2001, Source identification of $PM_{10}$ in Suwon using the method of positive matrix factorization, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 17, 133-145.
  4. Hyon, J. W., 2015, Legislative research for the improvement of air quality laws to reduce particulate matters, Korea legislation research institute.
  5. Kang, C. M., Lee, H. S., Kang, B. W., Lee, S. K., Woo, Y. S., 2004, Chemical characteristics of acidic gas pollutants and $PM_{2.5}$ species during hazy episodes in Seoul, South Korea, Atmos. Environ., 38, 4749-4760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.05.007
  6. Lee, H. W., Lee, T. J., Yang, S. S., Kim, D. S., 2008, Identification of atmospheric $PM_{10}$ sources and estimating their contributions to the Yongin-S uwon bordering area by using PMF, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 24, 439-454. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2008.24.4.439
  7. Lee, K. B., Kim, S. D., Kim, D. S., 2015, Ion Compositional Existence Forms of PM10 in Seoul Area, J. Korean Soc. Environ. Eng., 37, 197-203. https://doi.org/10.4491/KSEE.2015.37.4.197
  8. Lee, Y. J., Jung, S. A., Jo, M. R., Kim, S. J., Park, M. K., Ahn, J. Y., Lyu, Y. S., Choi, W. J., Hong, Y. D., Han, J. S., Lim, J. H., 2014, Characteristics of PM Chemical Component during Haze Episode and Asian Dust at Gwang-ju, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 30, 434-448. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2014.30.5.434
  9. Park, G. H., Cho, J. G., Ryu, B. S., 2010, Evaluation of pollution characteristics and chemical composition of $PM_{2.5}$ in ambient air in Busan(II), The annual report of Busan Metropolitan city institute of health and environment, 20, 154-167.
  10. Park, J. S., Kim, C. H., Lee, J. J., Kim, J. H., Hwang, U. H., Kim, S. D., 2010, A Study on the chemical mass composition of particle matter in Seoul, J. Korean Soc. Ur. Environ., 10, 293-303.
  11. Park, J. Y., Lim, H. J., 2006, Characteristics of water soluble ions in fine particles during the winter and spring in Dague, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 22, 627-641.
  12. Ryu, H. J., Kim, H. J., Song, Y. J., Lee, C. D., Ha, H. S., 2008, Evaluation of ambient PM-10 aerosol in Incheon, The annual report of Incheon Metropolitan city institute of health and environment.
  13. Won, S. R., Choi, Y. C., Kim, A. R., Choi, S. H., Ghim, Y. S., 2010, Ion concentrations of particulate matter in Yongin in Spring and Fall, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 26, 265-275. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2010.26.3.265
  14. Yao, X., Chan, C. K., Fang, M., Cadle, S., Chan, T., Mulawa, P., He, K., Ye, B., 2002, The water-soluble ionic composition of PM2.5 in Shanghai and Beijing, China, Atmos. Environ., 36, 4223-4234. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00342-4