Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
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Distribution Patterns of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Streams of Korea

우리나라 주요 하천 수계에서 저서성 대형무척추동물의 분포 특성

  • Kwak, Ihn-Sil (Department of Fisheries and Ocean Science, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Dae-Seong (Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Hong, Cheol (Department of Fisheries and Ocean Science, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Park, Young-Seuk (Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University)
  • 곽인실 (전남대학교 환경해양학전공) ;
  • 이대성 (경희대학교 생물학과) ;
  • 홍철 (전남대학교 환경해양학전공) ;
  • 박영석 (경희대학교 생물학과)
  • Received : 2018.01.05
  • Accepted : 2018.03.11
  • Published : 2018.03.31
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Abstract

The distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates was investigated at 1,157 sites of 7 main water systems in Korea, including 442 sites of Han River system (Namhan River, Bukhan River, Han River main stream, Anseongcheon, etc.), 305 sites of Nakdong River system (Nakdong River, Hyeongsan River, Taehwa River, etc.), 199 sites of Geum River system (Geum River, Sapgyocheon, Mangyeong River, Dongjin River, etc.) 102 sites of Seomjin River system (Seomjin River), 102 sites of Yeongsan River system (Yeongsan River, Tamjin River, etc.), and 7 sites of Jeju stream system. A total of 151 families were found in the whole survey sites, including 141 families in Han River, 122 in Nakdong River, 115 in Geum River, 106 in Seomjin River, 113 in Yeongsan River, and 50 in Jeju. Chironomidae (20.8%) was the most dominant species in Korea, followed by Hydropsychidae (17.1%), Baetidae (12.6%), Tubificidae (10.3%), Heptageniidae (8.6%), Ephemerellidae (6.3%), Asellidae (2.7%), Leptophlebiidae (2.4%), Planariidae (1.7%), and Tipulidae (1.6%). Substrates compositions consisted of large sand (22.6%), large gravel (18.4%), silt (10.5%), and boulder (8.2%). The mean stream width was 133.5 m and the mean watercourse width was 61.7 m. The mean water depth and velocity were 30.2 cm and $33.1cm\;s^{-1}$, respectively. Results of cluster analysis based on distributional characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates were divided into six groups according to the frequency of benthic macroinvertebrate taxa which appeared in the study area. Finally, altitude, current velocity and substrate composition were the most influencial factors determining the distribution patterns of macroinvertebrate communities.

주요 수계를 중심으로 한강 수계 (남한강, 북한강, 한강본류, 안성천, 기타) 442지점, 낙동강 수계 (낙동강, 형산강, 태화강, 기타) 305지점, 금강 수계 (금강, 삽교천, 만경강, 동진강, 기타) 199지점, 섬진강 수계 (섬진강, 기타) 102지점, 영산강 수계 (영산강, 탐진강, 기타) 102개 그리고 제주 수계 7개를 합쳐 총 1,157지점에 대하여 저서성 대형무척추동물의 분포현황을 정리하여 데이터화하였다. 전체 조사지점에서 한강 141과, 낙동강 122과, 금강 115과, 섬진강 106과, 영산강 113과 그리고 제주 수계에서 50과 조사되어, 총 151과가 출현한 것으로 나타났다. 저서성 대형무척추동물의 출현을 살펴보면, 깔다구과가 가장 우점하여 20.8%를 차지하였으며, 줄날도래과는 17.1%, 꼬마하루살이과는 12.6%, 실지렁이과는 10.3%, 납작하루살이과는 8.6%, 알락하루살이과는 6.3%, 물벌레과는 2.7%, 갈래하루살이과는 2.4%, 플라나리아과는 1.7%, 그리고 각다귀과는 1.6%를 차지하였다. 저서성 대형무척추동물이 서식하는 하상은 모래 (22.6%), 자갈 (21.4%), 굵은 모래 (19.0%), 큰 자갈 (18.4%), 진흙 이하 (10.5%)와 큰 돌 (8.2%)로 이루어졌다. 수계의 평균 하폭은 133.5 m, 수폭은 61.7 m로 조사되었다. 수계의 평균 수심과 유속은 각각 30.2 cm, $33.1cm\;s^{-1}$이었다. 수계에 분포하는 저서성 대형무척추동물의 분포특징을 집괴분석으로 살펴본 결과 조사지에 출현한 저서성 대형 무척추동물의 분류군의 출현빈도에 따라 6그룹으로 나뉘어졌다. 이는 조사지역의 고도, 유속, 및 하상구성 특성과 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있었다.

Keywords

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