Earthquakes and Structures

  • 제14권4호
  • /
  • Pages.285-295
  • /
  • 2018
  • /
  • 2092-7614(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2092-7622(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The effect of structural variability and local site conditions on building fragility functions

  • Sisi, Aida Azari (Federal Institute for Geoscience and Natural Resources (BGR)) ;
  • Erberik, Murat A. (Department of Civil Engineering, Middle East Technical University) ;
  • Askan, Aysegul (Department of Civil Engineering, Middle East Technical University)
  • 투고 : 2017.11.20
  • 심사 : 2018.02.19
  • 발행 : 2018.04.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

In this study, the effect of local site conditions (site class and site amplifications) and structural variability are investigated on fragility functions of typical building structures. The study area is chosen as Eastern Turkey. The fragility functions are developed using site-specific uniform hazard spectrum (UHS). The site-specific UHS is obtained based on simulated ground motions. The implementation of ground motion simulation into seismic hazard assessment has the advantage of investigating detailed local site effects. The typical residential buildings in Erzincan are represented by equivalent single degree of freedom systems (ESDOFs). Predictive equations are accomplished for structural seismic demands of ESDOFs to derive fragility functions in a straightforward manner. To study the sensitivity of fragility curves to site class, two sites on soft and stiff soil are taken into account. Two alternative site amplification functions known as generic and theoretical site amplifications are examined for these two sites. The reinforced concrete frames located on soft soil display larger fragilities than those on stiff soil. Theoretical site amplification mostly leads to larger fragilities than generic site amplification more evidently for reinforced concrete buildings. Additionally, structural variability of ESDOFs is generally observed to increase the fragility especially for rigid structural models.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Akansel, V.H., Ameri, G., Askan, A., Caner, A., Erdil, B., Kale, O . and Okuyucu, D. (2014), "The 23 October 2011 Mw 7.0 Van (eastern Turkey) earthquake: characteristics of recorded strong ground motions and post-earthquake condition assessment of infrastructure and cultural heritage", Earthq. Spectra, 30(2), 657-682. https://doi.org/10.1193/012912EQS020M
  2. Akkar, S. and Bommer, J. (2010), "Empirical equations for the prediction of PGA, PGV and spectral accelerations in Europe, the mediterranean region and the middle east", Seismol. Res. Lett., 81(2), 195-206. https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.81.2.195
  3. Ambraseys, N.N., Douglas, J., Sarma, S.K. and Smit, P.M. (2005), "Equations for the estimation of strong ground motions from shallow crustal earthquakes using data from Europe and the middle east: horizontal peak ground acceleration and spectral acceleration", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 3, 1-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-005-0183-0
  4. Ang, A.H.S. and Tang, W.H. (1975), Probability Concepts in Engineering Planning and Design, John Wiley and sons, Inc., New York.
  5. Ansal, A., Akinci, A., Gultrera, G., Erdik, M., Pessina, V., Tonuk, G. and Ameri, G. (2009), "Loss estimation in Istanbul based on deterministic earthquake scenarios of the Marmara sea region (Turkey)", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 29, 699-709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.07.006
  6. Askan, A., Asten, M., Erberik, M.A., Erkmen, C., Karimzadeh, S., Kilic, N., Sisman, F.N. and Yakut, A. (2015), "Estimation of potential seismic damage in Erzincan", Final Report of TUJJBUDP-01-12 Project, Ankara.
  7. Askan, A., Sisman, F.N. and Ugurhan, B. (2013), "Stochastic strong ground motion simulations in sparsely-monitored regions: a validation and sensitivity study on the 13 March 1992 Erzincan (Turkey) earthquake", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 55, 170-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.09.014
  8. Ay, B.O. and Erberik, M.A. (2008), "Vulnerability of Turkish low-rise and mid-rise reinforced concrete frame structures", J. Earthq. Eng., 12(S2), 2-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460802012687
  9. Ayyub, B.M. and Lai, K. (1989), "Structural reliability assessment using latin hypercube sampling", Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Structural Safety and Reliability, San Francisco, United States.
  10. Azari Sisi, A., Askan, A. and Erberik, M.A. (2017), "Site-specific uniform hazard spectrum in eastern Turkey based on simulated ground motions including near-field directivity and detailed site effects", Acta Geophysica, 65(2), 309-330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11600-017-0032-y
  11. Bai, J.W., Gardoni, P. and Hueste, M.B. (2011), "Story-specific demand models and seismic fragility estimates for multi-story buildings", Struct. Saf., 33, 96-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2010.09.002
  12. Boore, M.D. (2003), "Simulation of ground motion using the stochastic method", Pure Appl. Geophys., 160(3-4), 635-676. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00012553
  13. Boore, M.D. and Joyner, W.B. (1997), "Site amplifications for generic rock sites", Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 87(2), 327-341.
  14. Celik, O.C. and Ellingwood, B.R. (2010), "Seismic fragilities for non-ductile reinforced concrete frames-role of aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties", Struct. Saf., 32, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2009.04.003
  15. Cramer, C.H. (2006), "Quantifying the uncertainty in site amplification modeling and its effects on site-specific seismichazard estimation in the upper Mississippi embayment and adjacent areas", Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 96(6), 2008-2020. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120060037
  16. Crowley, H., Bommer, J., Pinho, R. and Bird, J. (2005), "The impact of epistemic uncertainty on an earthquake loss model", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 34, 1653-1685. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.498
  17. Deniz, A. (2006), "Estimation of earthquake insurance premium rates based on stochastic methods", Master of Science, Middle East Technical University, Ankara.
  18. Ellingwood, B.R., Celik, O.C. and Kinali, K. (2007), "Fragility assessment of building structural systems in mid-America", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 36, 1935-1952. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.693
  19. Erberik, M.A. (2008a), "Fragility-based assessment of typical mid-rise and low-rise RC buildings in Turkey", Eng. Struct., 30(5), 1360-1374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.07.016
  20. Erberik, M.A. (2008b), "Generation of fragility curves for Turkish masonry buildings considering in-plane failure modes", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 37(3), 387-405. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.760
  21. Gurpinar, A., Abali, M., Yucemen, M.S. and Yesilcay, Y. (1978), "Feasibility of mandatory earthquake insurance in Turkey", Earthquake Engineering Research Center.
  22. Hashash, Y. and Moon, S. (2011), "Site amplification factors for deep deposits and their application in seismic hazard analysis for Central U.S", University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana.
  23. Ibarra, L., Medina, R. and Krawinkler, H. (2005), "Hysteretic models that incorporate strength and stiffness deterioration", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 34, 1489-1511. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.495
  24. Jeong, J., Park, J. and DesRoches, R. (2015), "Seismic fragility of lightly reinforced concrete frames with masonry infills", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 44(11), 1783-1803. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2555
  25. Krawinkler, H., Medina, R. and Alavi, B. (2003), "Seismic drift and ductility demands and their dependence on ground motions," Eng. Struct., 25(5), 637-653. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00174-8
  26. Marthong, C., Deb, S.K. and Dutta, A. (2016), "Experimental fragility functions for exterior deficient RC beamcolumn connections before and after rehabilitation", Earthq. Struct., 10(6), 1291-1314. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.10.6.1291
  27. McKay, M.D., Beckman, R.J. and Conover, W.J. (1979), "A comparison of three methods for selecting values of input variables in the analysis of output from a computer code", Technom., 21(2), 239-245.
  28. Mohammadioun, B. and Serva, L. (2001), "Stress drop, slip type, earthquake magnitude, and seismic hazard", Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 91(4), 604-707. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000023
  29. Mosleh, A., Razzaghi, M.S., Jara, J. and Varum, H. (2016), "Development of fragility curves for RC bridges subjected to reverse and strike-slip seismic sources", Earthq. Struct., 11(3), 517-538. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.11.3.517
  30. Motazedian, D. and Atkinson, G.M. (2005), "Stochastic finitefault modeling based on a dynamic corner frequency", Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 95(3), 995-1010. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030207
  31. Nagashree B.K., Ravi Kumar, C.M. and Venkat Reddy, D. (2016), "A parametric study on seismic fragility analysis of RC buildings", Earthq. Struct., 10(3), 629-643. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.10.3.629
  32. Padgett, J.E. and DesRoches, R. (2007), "Sensitivity of seismic response and fragility to parameter uncertainty", J. Struct. Eng., 133(12), 1710-1718. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2007)133:12(1710)
  33. Porter, K.A. (2003), Seismic Vulnerability, Earthquake Engineering Handbook, Eds. W.F. Chan and C. Scawthorn, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
  34. Ramamoorthy, S.K., Gardoni, P. and Bracci, J.M. (2006), "Probabilistic demand models and fragility curves for reinforced concrete frames", J. Struct. Eng., 132(10), 1563-1572. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:10(1563)
  35. Ramamoorthy, S.K., Gardoni, P. and Bracci, J.M. (2008), "Seismic fragility and confidence bounds for gravity load designed reinforced concrete frames of varying height", J. Struct. Eng., 134(4), 639-650. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:4(639)
  36. Raschke, M. (2014), "Insufficient statistical model development of ground-motion relations for regions with low seismicity", Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 104(2), 1002-1005. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120130215
  37. Rohmer, J., Douglas, J., Bertil, D., Monfort, D. and Sedan, O. (2014), "Weighing the importance of model uncertainty against parameter uncertainty in earthquake loss assessments", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 58, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.11.006
  38. Schnabel, P.B., Lysmer, J. and Seed, H.B. (1972), "SHAKE: A computer program for earthquake response analysis of horizontally layered sites", Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
  39. Ugurhan, B., Askan Gundogan, A. and Erberik, M.A. (2011), "A methodology for seismic loss estimation in urban regions based on ground-motion simulations", Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 101(2), 701-725. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120100153
  40. Wells, D.L. and Coppersmith, K.J. (1994), "New empirical relationships among magnitude, rupture length, rupture width, rupture area and surface displacement", Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 84(4), 974-1002.
  41. Wen, Y.K., Ellingwood, B.R. and Bracci, J.M. (2004), "Vulnerability function framework for consequence-based engineering", MAE Center Project DS-4 Report.

피인용 문헌

  1. Bayesian demand model based seismic vulnerability assessment of a concrete girder bridge vol.9, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2020.9.4.337