References
- van den Berg MM, Benninga MA, Di Lorenzo C. Epidemiology of childhood constipation: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:2401-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00771.x
- Mugie SM, Benninga MA, Di Lorenzo C. Epidemiology of constipation in children and adults: a systematic review. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2011;25:3-18.
- Baker SS, Liptak GS, Colletti RB, Croffie JM, Di Lorenzo C, Ector W, et al. Constipation in infants and children: evaluation and treatment. A medical position statement of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999;29:612-26. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005176-199911000-00029
- Uc A, Hyman PE, Walker LS. Functional gastrointestinal disorders in African American children in primary care. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2006;42:270-4. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mpg.0000189371.29911.68
- Burgers R, Bonanno E, Madarena E, Graziano F, Pensabene L, Gardner W, et al. The care of constipated children in primary care in different countries. Acta Paediatr 2012;101:677-80. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2012.02632.x
- Youssef NN, Langseder AL, Verga BJ, Mones RL, Rosh JR. Chronic childhood constipation is associated with impaired quality of life: a case-controlled study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2005;41:56-60. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mpg.0000167500.34236.6a
- Rappaport L, Landman G, Fenton T, Levine MD. Locus of control as predictor of compliance and outcome in treatment of encopresis. J Pediatr 1986;109:1061-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(86)80300-6
- Liem O, Harman J, Benninga M, Kelleher K, Mousa H, Di Lorenzo C. Health utilization and cost impact of childhood constipation in the United States. J Pediatr 2009;154:258-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.07.060
- Sommers T, Corban C, Sengupta N, Jones M, Cheng V, Bollom A, et al. Emergency department burden of constipation in the United States from 2006 to 2011. Am J Gastroenterol 2015;110:572-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2015.64
- Bongers ME, van Wijk MP, Reitsma JB, Benninga MA. Long-term prognosis for childhood constipation: clinical outcomes in adulthood. Pediatrics 2010;126:e156-62. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-1009
- Loening-Baucke V. Constipation in early childhood: patient characteristics, treatment, and longterm follow up. Gut 1993;34:1400-4. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.34.10.1400
- Arbuckle RA, Carson RT, Abetz-Webb L, Hyams J, Di Lorenzo C, Lewis BE, et al. Measuring the symptoms of pediatric constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: expert commentary and literature review. Patient 2014;7:343-64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40271-014-0070-3
- Tabbers MM, DiLorenzo C, Berger MY, Faure C, Langendam MW, Nurko S, et al. Evaluation and treatment of functional constipation in infants and children: evidence-based recommendations from ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014;58:258-74.
- Carmo RL, Oliveira RP, Ribeiro AE, Lima MC, Amorim BJ, Ribeiro AF, et al. Colonic transit in children and adolescents with chronic constipation. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2015;91:386-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2014.10.007
- Zaslavsky C, da Silveira TR, Maguilnik I. Total and segmental colonic transit time with radio-opaque markers in adolescents with functional constipation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1998;27:138-42. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005176-199808000-00002
- Lewis SJ, Heaton KW. Stool form scale as a useful guide to intestinal transit time. Scand J Gastroenterol 1997;32:920-4. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365529709011203
- Degen LP, Phillips SF. How well does stool form reflect colonic transit? Gut 1996;39:109-13. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.39.1.109
- Chumpitazi BP, Lane MM, Czyzewski DI, Weidler EM, Swank PR, Shulman RJ. Creation and initial evaluation of a Stool Form Scale for children. J Pediatr 2010;157:594-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.04.040
- van Tilburg MA, Rouster A, Silver D, Pellegrini G, Gao J, Hyman PE. Development and validation of a Rome III functional gastrointestinal disorders questionnaire for infants and toddlers. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016;62:384-6. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000000962
- Lane MM, Czyzewski DI, Chumpitazi BP, Shulman RJ. Reliability and validity of a modified Bristol Stool Form Scale for children. J Pediatr 2011;159:437-41.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.03.002
- Loening-Baucke V. Prevalence rates for constipation and faecal and urinary incontinence. Arch Dis Child 2007;92:486-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2006.098335
- Geoffrey RS, Cynthia B, Graham AB 3rd, Brown OW, Hardin A, Lessin HR, et al. 2014 recommendations for pediatric preventive health care. Pediatrics 2014;133:568-70. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-4096
- Hagan JF, Shaw JS, Duncan PM. Bright futures: Guidelines for health supervision of infants, children, and adolescents. American Academy of Pediatrics; 2007.
- Wald ER, Jagodzinski TD, Moyer SC, Wald A, Eickhoff JC, Edmonson MB. Validation and clinical utility of a bowel habit questionnaire in school-age children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011;53:520-3.
- Loening-Baucke V. Chronic constipation in children. Gastroenterology 1993;105:1557-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(93)90166-A
- Devanarayana NM, Rajindrajith S. Bowel habits and behaviors related to defecation in 10- to 16-year-olds: impact of socioeconomic characteristics and emotional stress. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011;52:569-73. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181fd082b
- Russo M, Martinelli M, Sciorio E, Botta C, Miele E, Vallone G, et al. Stool consistency, but not frequency, correlates with total gastrointestinal transit time in children. J Pediatr 2013;162:1188-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.11.082
- Saps M, Nichols-Vinueza DX, Mintjens S, Pusatcioglu CK, Velasco-Benitez CA. Construct validity of the pediatric Rome III criteria. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014;59:577-81. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000000482
Cited by
- Chronic Diarrhea in Children: Causes, Mechanisms, Primary Diagnostics and Management vol.18, pp.6, 2018, https://doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v18i6.2061
- Manual Physical Therapy in the Treatment of Functional Constipation in Children: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial vol.26, pp.7, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2020.0047
- Emotional and behavioural problems in children and adolescents: The role of constipation vol.57, pp.7, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.15368
- Constipation in Pediatrics: A Clinical Review vol.50, pp.8, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20210714-01