한국응용과학기술학회지 (Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology)

  • 제35권1호
  • /
  • Pages.99-110
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  • 2018
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  • 1225-9098(pISSN)
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  • 2288-1069(eISSN)
한국응용과학기술학회 (The Korean Society of Applied Science and Technology)
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초임계 이산화탄소를 이용하여 추출된 도라지 종자유의 특성

Characterization of Platycodon grandiflorum Seeds Oil Extracted by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

  • 김양지 (동덕여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 임지영 (국민대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김석중 (동덕여자대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Kim, Yangji (Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University) ;
  • Imm, Jee-Young (Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University) ;
  • Kim, Seok Joong (Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University)
  • 투고 : 2018.01.26
  • 심사 : 2018.03.02
  • 발행 : 2018.03.30
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초록

본 연구에서는 초임계 이산화탄소 추출을 이용해 도라지(Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC) 종자로부터 유지를 제조하여 새로운 식용유지로서의 물리화학적 특성을 조사하였다. Soxhlet 용매 추출에 비해 6,000 psi 압력 및 $40^{\circ}C$ 온도조건에서의 초임계 이산화탄소 추출로 더 많은 유지를 얻을 수 있었고 특히 볶은 종자로부터는 32.7%까지 얻을 수 있었다. 볶은 종자로부터 얻은 초임계 도라지 종자유는 시판 대두유나 들깨유와 마찬가지로 대부분 중성지질로 구성되어 있음을 TLC 분석으로 확인하였다. 또한 이 유지는 고도로 불포화된 지질로 대두유나 들깨유보다 linoleic acid(73.27%) 함량이 훨씬 높았으며 그 다음으로 oleic acid(13.16%) 함량이 높았다. 유지의 물리화학적 특성으로, 비중 0.92, 점도 45.37 cP, 굴절률 1.48, 색도 L=47.30, a=-3.69, b=25.72, 요오드가 141.57 g $I_2/100g$ oil, 비누화가 191.21 mg KOH/g oil, 산가는 2.60 mg KOH/g oil 였다. 이런 특성들 중에서 지질의 불포화도와 관련이 있는 굴절률, 점도 및 요오드가는 두 시판 유지들의 중간값을 나타내었다. Rancimat 법으로 측정한 산화유도기간을 비교한 결과에서도 초임계 추출 도라지 종자유(2.03 hr)는 대두유(2.94 hr)보다는 낮으나 들깨유(1.79 hr)보다는 높은 중간값을 나타내었다. 종자 볶음 공정은 유지의 추출 수율을 증가시킬뿐만 아니라 콜레스테롤에스터 함량과 산가 감소에 긍정적 효과도 있었다. 이상으로부터, 초임계 이산화탄소 추출을 통해 볶은 도라지종자로부터 높은 수율로 유지를 제조할 수 있었고 이 유지는 식용유지로서 적합한 특성을 가진다고 판단되었다.

In this study, oil of Platycodon grandiflorum seeds was prepared using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCE) and its physicochemical indices as a new edible oil were investigated. Compared to Soxhlet solvent extraction, SCE under the condition of 6,000 psi at $40^{\circ}C$ produced more oil, especially from the roasted seeds to 32.7%. TLC analysis showed triacylglycerols accounted for most of the oil obtained from roasted Platycodon grandiflorum seeds by SCE similarly to commercial soybean oil or perilla seeds oil. The oil had highly unsaturated lipid with considerable amount of linoleic acid(73.27%) much more than two commercial oils followed by oleic acid(13.16%). Physicochemical properties of the oil were as follows; specific gravity, 0.92; dynamic viscosity, 45.37 cP; refractive index, 1.48; color, L=47.30, a=-3.69, b=25.72; iodine value, 141.57 g $I_2/100g$ oil; saponification value, 191.21 mg of KOH/g of oil; acid value, 2.60 mg of KOH/g of oil. Among those, refractive index, viscosity and iodine value, which were related to unsaturation degree of lipid, were ranged between those of two commercial oils. The oxidation stability of oil(2.03 hr) was also ranged between less stable perilla seeds oil(1.79 hr) and more stable soybean oil(2.94 hr) based on the induction time measured by Rancimat assay. In addition to extraction yield increase, seeds roasting provided further benefits such as reductions of cholesterol ester content and acid value without change in fatty acid composition. In conclusion, oil was extracted from the roasted Platycodon grandiflorum seeds at high yield by supercritical carbon dioxide and it seemed to have proper characteristics as a edible oil.

키워드

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