Table 1. General Characteristics of study subjects
Table 2. Comparison of the FVCa between IMTCEb, IMTc, control group
Table 3. Comparison of the FEV1a between IMTCEb, IMTc, control group
Table 4. Comparison of the PEFa between IMTCEb, IMTc, control group
Table 5. Comparison of the MIPa between IMTCEb, IMTc, control group
Table 6. Comparison of the 6MWTa between IMTCEb, IMTc, control group
참고문헌
- Annoni JM, Ackermann D, Kesselring J. Respiratory function in chronic hemiplegia. International Disability Studies. 1990;12(2):78-80. https://doi.org/10.3109/03790799009166256
- Beckerman M, Magadle R, Weiner M, et al. The effects of 1 year of specific inspiratory muscle training in patients with COPD. Chest Journal. 2005;128(5):3177-3182. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.128.5.3177
- Britto RR, Rezende NR, Marinho KC, et al. Inspiratory muscular training in chronic stroke survivors: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2011;92(2):184-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2010.09.029
- Catarina R, Shirley LC, Caio M, et al. Respiratory muscles stretching acutely increases expansion in hemiparetic chest wall. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology. 2018;254(3):16-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2018.03.015
- Cohen E, Mier A, Heywood P, et al. Diaphragmatic movement in hemiplegic patients measured by ultrasonography. Thorax. 1994;49(9):890-895. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.49.9.890
- Dall'Ago P, Chiappa GR, Guths H, et al. Inspiratory muscle training in patients with heart failure and inspiratory muscle weakness. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2006;47(4):757-763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2005.09.052
- Daly JJ, Sng K, Roenigk K, et al. Intra-limb coordination deficit in stroke survivors and response to treatment. Gait & posture. 2007;25(3):412-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.05.007
- De Troyer A, Zegers De Belyl D, Thirion M. Function of respiratory muscles in acute hemiplegia. The American review of respiratory disease. 1981;123(6):631-632.
- Duncan PW, Horner RD, Reker DM, et al. Adherence to postacute rehabilitation guidelines is associated with functional recovery in stroke. Stroke. 2002;33(1):167-177. https://doi.org/10.1161/hs0102.101014
- Eastwood PR, Hillman DR, Morton AR, et al. The effects of learning on the ventilatory responses to inspiratory threshold loading. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 1998;158(4):1190-1196. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.158.4.9803108
- Elis EA, Vanessa R, Illia NDF, et al. Effects of positive expiratory pressure on chest wall volumes in subjects with stroke compared to healthy controls: a case-control study. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy. 2017;21(6):416-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjpt.2017.06.006
- Fishman, RS, Systrom DM. Preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing: determining the limit to exercise and predicting outcome after thoracotomy. Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia. 1991;5(6):614-626. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-0770(91)90019-P
- Frownfelter D, Dean E. Cardiovascular and pulmonary physical therapy-evidence and practice, 5th ed. Philadelpia. Mosby. 2012.
- Fugl-Meyer AR, Linderholm H, Wilson AF. Restrictive ventilatory dysfunction in stroke: its relation to locomotor function. Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine. 1983;9(1):118-24
- Guyatt GH, Sullivan MJ, Thompson PJ, et al. The 6-minute walk: a new measure of exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 1985;132(8):919-923.
- Harraf F, Ward K, Man W, et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation study of expiratory muscle weakness in acute ischemic stroke. Neurology. 2008;71(24):2000-2007. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000336927.30977.56
- Hill K, Jenkins SC, Philippe DL, et al. High-intensity inspiratory muscle training in COPD. European Respiratory Journal. 2006;27(6):1119-1128. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.06.00105205
- Hill K, Cecins NM, Eastwood PR, et al. Inspiratory muscle training for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a practical guide for clinicians. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2010;91(9):1466-1470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2010.06.010
- Hsiao SF, Wu YT, Wu HD, et al. Comparison of effectiveness of pressure threshold and targeted resistance devices for inspiratory muscle training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal Formosan Medical Association. 2003;102(4):240-245.
- Kaneko H, Otsuka M, Kawashima Y, et al. The effect of upper chest wall restriction on diaphragmatic function. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2010;22(4):375-80. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.22.375
- Katz-Leurer M, Shochina M, Carmeli E, et al. The influence of early aerobic training on the functional capacity in patients with cerebrovascular accident at the subacute stage. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2003;84(11):1609-1614. https://doi.org/10.1053/S0003-9993(03)00344-7
- Kelly JO, Kilbreath SL, Davis GM, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness and walking ability in subacute stroke patients. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2003;84(12):1780-1785. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(03)00376-9
- Kim CB, Choi JD. Effects of chest expansion resistance exercise on chest expansion and maximal inspiratory pressure in patients with stroke. Journal of The Korean Society of Physical Medicine. 2015;10(1):15-21. https://doi.org/10.13066/kspm.2015.10.1.15
- Kraemer WJ, Fleck SJ, Evans WJ. Strength and power training: physiological mechanisms of adaptation. Exercise and sport sciences reviews. 1995;24(1):363-397.
- Lanini B, Bianchi R, Romagnoli I, et al. Chest wall kinematics in patients with hemiplegia. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2003;168(1):109-113. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200207-745OC
- Larson JL, Covey MK, Berry J, et al. Discontinuous incremental threshold loading test. Measurement of respiratory muscle endurance in patients with COPD. Chest Journal. 1999;115:60-67. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.115.1.60
- Leelarungrayub D, Pothongsunun P, Yankai, A, et al. Acute clinical benefits of chest wall-stretching exercise on expired tidal volume, dyspnea and chest expansion in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a single case study. Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies. 2009;13(4):338-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2008.11.004
- Mercier L, Audet T, Hebert R, et al. Impact of motor, cognitive, and perceptual disorders on ability to perform activities of daily living after stroke. Stroke. 2001;32(11):2602-2608. https://doi.org/10.1161/hs1101.098154
- Nishino T, Ishikawa T, Nozaki-Taguchi N, et al. Lung/chest expansion contributes to generation of pleasantness associated with dyspnoea relief. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology. 2012;184(1):27-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2012.07.008
- Park SJ, Lee JH, Min KO. Comparison of the effects of core stabilization and chest mobilization exercises on lung function and chest wall expansion in stroke patients. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2017;29(7):1144-1147. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.29.1144
- Przedborski S, Brunko E, Hubert M, et al. The effect of acute hemiplegia on intercostal muscle activity. Neurology. 1988;38(12):1882-4. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.38.12.1882
- Reid WD, Samral B. Respiratory muscle training for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Physical Therapy. 1995;75(11):996-1005. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/75.11.996
- Reid WD, Geddes EL, Brooks D, et al. Inspiratory muscle training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Special series on skeletal muscle training. Physiotherapy Canada. 2004;56:128-142. https://doi.org/10.2310/6640.2004.00019
- Scherr J, Wolfarth B, Christle JW, et al. Associations between Borg's rating of perceived exertion and physiological measures of exercise intensity. European journal of applied physiology. 2013;113(1):147-155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-012-2421-x
- Sezer N, Kutay Ordu N, Tomruk Sutheyaz S, et al. Cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses to maximum exercise and aerobic capacity in hemiplegic patients. Functional neurology. 2004;19(4):233-238.
- Shoemaker MJ, Donker S, LaPoe A. Inspiratory muscle training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the state of the evidence. Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal. 2009;20(3):5-15.
- Skinner JS. Exercise testing & exercise prescription for special cases: theoretical basis & clinical application, 3rd ed. Philadelphia. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2005
- Sutbeyaz ST, Koseoglu F, Inan L, et al. Respiratory muscle training improves cardiopulmonary function and exercise tolerance in subjects with subacute stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation. 2010;24(3):240-250. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215509358932
- Teixeira-Salmela LF, Olney SJ, Nadeau S, et al. Muscle strengthening and physical conditioning to reduce impairment and disability in chronic stroke survivors. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 1999;80(10):1211-1218. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(99)90018-7
- Van der Palen J, Rea TD, Manolio TA, et al. Respiratory muscle strength and the risk of incident cardiovascular events. Thorax. 2004;59(12):1063-1067. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2004.021915
- Ward K, Seymour J, Steier J, et al. Acute ischaemic hemispheric stroke is associated with impairment of reflex in addition to voluntary cough. European Respiratory Journal. 2010;36(6):1383-1390. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00010510
- Weiner P, Magadle R, Beckerman M, et al. Comparison of specific expiratory, inspiratory, and combined muscle training programs in COPD. Chest Journal. 2003;124(4):1357-1364. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.124.4.1357
- Xiao Y, Luo M, Wang J, et al. Inspiratory muscle training for the recovery of function after stroke. The Cochrane Library. 2012;5:1-27.
- Xing Y, Yang SD, Dong F, et al. The beneficial role of early exercise training following stroke and possible mechanisms. Life Sciences. 2018;198(1):32-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2018.02.018
- Yoo HJ, Pyun SB. Efficacy of bedside respiratory muscle training in patients with stroke: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 2018;97(10):691-697. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0000000000000933
- Yoo WG. Effects of combined chest expansion and breathing exercises in a patient with sternal pain. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2017;29(9):1706-1707. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.29.1706