Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회지)

The Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회)
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Case Study of the Roles and Characteristics of Community Gardens in Four North American Cities

북미 4개 도시 커뮤니티가든 사례조사에 의한 역할과 특성 비교 연구

  • Shin, Myungjin (Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University) ;
  • Choi, Jungmin (Dept. of Architecture, Konkuk University)
  • 신명진 (서울대학교 환경대학원 협동과정 조경학) ;
  • 최정민 (건국대학교 건축학과)
  • Received : 2018.09.05
  • Accepted : 2018.11.23
  • Published : 2018.12.31
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Abstract

As urban regeneration and revitalization projects become increasingly popular in Korea, interests in residential environment, landscape improvement and community activities have risen, resulting in increased interest in community garden, a type of urban agriculture. However, the concept of community garden in Korea is yet to be defined apart from the general concept of urban agriculture. Also, any discussion regarding a practical scheme for community gardens remains nascent. Therefore, in order to define and to understand community gardens, and to draw meaningful implications for the community garden research in Korea, this study conducted a preliminary field survey of four North American cities from where the idea of community gardening originates. A total of 166 community gardens in Seattle, New York, Philadelphia and Vancouver were visited during this survey. Four community gardens from each city were selected for further analysis, with particular emphasis on spatial organization and social functions. The results showed that the community gardens in each city perform a diverse array of functions depending on location, type and societal needs. Community gardens in Seattle and Vancouver, which may be classified as 'uptown,' focused on their roles as fields of 'community participation.' Those in New York and Philadelphia, which are classified as 'downtown,' emphasized their function in 'urban beautification.' This study demonstrates that the community gardens in North America serve their roles as urban amenities and multi-functional public spaces for the entire local population. The implication of the results is that considerations for the social roles the community gardens serve and the spatial elements that allow the space to perform such functions are necessary for the further developments in the community garden research in Korea.

국내 주거재생 및 도시재생 사업이 활성화됨에 따라 주거환경 및 경관 개선, 그리고 공동체 활동에 대한 관심 증대로 인해 도시농업의 일종인 커뮤니티가든에 대한 관심 역시 증가하고 있다. 하지만 국내 커뮤니티가든에 대한 인식은 아직 도시농업의 범주를 벗어나지 못하고 있으며, 실천방안 논의 역시 기초 단계에 머물러 있는 현황이다. 따라서 본 연구는 커뮤니티가든의 발상지인 북미 4개 도시 커뮤니티가든의 현황을 직접 현장 조사하고, 공간적 구성 및 사회적 기능을 중심으로 분석함으로써 사례 도시별 커뮤니티가든의 특성을 탐구하여 국내 커뮤니티가든 연구에 있어 유의미한 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 연구 방법으로는 커뮤니티가든이 활발하게 운영 관리되고 있는 시애틀, 뉴욕, 필라델피아와 밴쿠버 등 4개 도시의 총 166개 커뮤니티가든에 대한 현장조사를 실시한 후, 각 도시별 커뮤니티가든 4곳을 선정하여 분석을 진행하였다. 연구 결과, 각 도시의 커뮤니티가든은 입지 성격 및 사회적 수요에 따라 다양한 기능을 수행하고 있음이 확인되었다. '근교외' 도시인 시애틀과 밴쿠버 커뮤니티가든의 경우, '참여'의 장으로써의 역할이 강조되고 있는 반면, '도심'에 위치한 뉴욕과 필라델피아 커뮤니티가든은 '경관 미화'의 기능이 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 이처럼 북미 커뮤니티가든은 전체 지역사회를 위한 다목적 공공 공간으로써 도시 어메니티 기능을 복합적으로 수행하고 있는데, 이는 국내 커뮤니티가든 연구에서 커뮤니티가든의 사회적 기능 및 이를 수행하기 위한 공간적 구성에 대한 고려가 필요함을 암시한다.

Keywords

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