Journal of Information Processing Systems

Korea Information Processing Society (한국정보처리학회)
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Energy Efficient Cross Layer Multipath Routing for Image Delivery in Wireless Sensor Networks

  • Rao, Santhosha (Dept. of Information & Communication Technology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education) ;
  • Shama, Kumara (Dept. of Information & Communication Technology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education) ;
  • Rao, Pavan Kumar (Dept. of Information & Communication Technology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education)
  • Received : 2016.08.29
  • Accepted : 2017.02.10
  • Published : 2018.12.31
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Abstract

Owing to limited energy in wireless devices power saving is very critical to prolong the lifetime of the networks. In this regard, we designed a cross-layer optimization mechanism based on power control in which source node broadcasts a Route Request Packet (RREQ) containing information such as node id, image size, end to end bit error rate (BER) and residual battery energy to its neighbor nodes to initiate a multimedia session. Each intermediate node appends its remaining battery energy, link gain, node id and average noise power to the RREQ packet. Upon receiving the RREQ packets, the sink node finds node disjoint paths and calculates the optimal power vectors for each disjoint path using cross layer optimization algorithm. Sink based cross-layer maximal minimal residual energy (MMRE) algorithm finds the number of image packets that can be sent on each path and sends the Route Reply Packet (RREP) to the source on each disjoint path which contains the information such as optimal power vector, remaining battery energy vector and number of packets that can be sent on the path by the source. Simulation results indicate that considerable energy saving can be accomplished with the proposed cross layer power control algorithm.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Flowchart for the sink-based cross layer MMRE multipath routing algorithm.

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Fig. 2. Network model.

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Fig. 3. Subjective quality analysis for packet size of 128 bytes.

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Fig. 4. Subjective quality analysis for packet size of 256 bytes.

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Fig. 5. Subjective quality analysis for packet size of 512 bytes.

Table 1. Radio power transmission levels

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Table 2. Optimal powers (mW) for nodes on the Path 1

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Table 3. Optimal powers (mW) for nodes on the Path 2

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Table 4. Optimal powers (mW) for nodes on the Path 3

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Table 5. Number of data packets to be sent on each path determined by sink-based MMRE

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Table 6. Energy consumption (J) for Path 1, Path 2 and Path 3

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Table 7. Total energy consumption (J) for image packets

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Table 8. Total energy saving (J) with cross layer power control

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Table 9. Number of packets that can be sent on all the active paths until one of the nodes on each active path drains the energy to threshold energy

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Table 10. Lifetime improvement (%) for sink-based cross layer MMRE routing over MMRE-AOMDV (without cross-layer)

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Table 11. PSNR (dB) for reconstructed image

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