DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Relationship between Body Size Variation and Habitat Environment of Hyla japonica in Jeju Island, South Korea

제주도에 서식하는 청개구리 Hyla japonica의 크기 다양성과 서식지 환경과의 관계

  • Koo, Kyo Soung (Department of Biology, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kwon, Sera (Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Park, Il Kook (Department of Biology, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Oh, Hong-Shik (Faculty of Science Education, Jeju National University)
  • Received : 2018.08.28
  • Accepted : 2018.10.31
  • Published : 2018.12.31

Abstract

The relationship between the body size of species and the environment has been an active research subject for many years. Until recently, studies had focused on the relationship between the body size and environment based on the ecogeographic rule for various animal groups. In this study, we examined the relationship between body size of Hyla japonica and the habitat environment in Jeju island located at the southernmost part of the Korean peninsula. We collected H. japonica from three breeding sites, Cheonji, Bonggae, and Aewol, and measured SVL, BW, and HW of the species. We also measured the altitude, longitude, latitude, annual mean temperature, and annual mean precipitation of each site to analyze the relationship between the body size and the habitat environment. The analysis results showed that there was the clear difference of the body size according to the habitat and the body size in Aewol was significantly bigger than others, while the body size in Cheonji was the smallest. The altitude was the most important environmental variable and showed a positive correlation with body size. The body size of H. japonica increased as the altitude increased, and this results were consistent with Bergmann's rule, one of the biological laws related to body size. In conclusion, the environment could affect the body size of H. japonica, and the body size has a certain direction according to the environment.

생물의 몸 크기와 환경의 관계에 대해서는 오래전부터 현재까지 활발하게 진행되고 있는 연구의 한 분야이다. 최근까지도 생물의 크기와 서식지 환경과의 관계를 설명하는 생태지리학적 법칙 ecogeographic rule을 바탕으로 이를 규명하고자 하는 연구들이 다양한 동물 그룹을 대상으로 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 남한의 최남단에 위치한 섬 제주도에 서식하는 청개구리(Hyla japonica)를 대상으로 서식지 환경과 생물의 크기와의 관계를 확인하기 위한 연구를 진행하였다. 제주도 내에서 발견되는 청개구리 번식지 3개 지점(천지, 봉개, 애월)에서 연구가 진행되었다. 각 개체군의 SVL, HW, BW를 측정하였으며, 크기에 미치는 환경 요인을 분석하기 위해 고도, 경도, 위도, 연평균 기온, 연평균 강수량을 측정하였다. 연구결과, 지역에 따른 청개구리의 크기 차이는 뚜렷했으며, 애월 집단의 크기가 가장 컸고, 천지 집단이 가장 작았다. 청개구리 크기에 영향을 미치는 환경 요소는 고도가 가장 중요하게 나타났으며, SVL, HW, BW에서 뚜렷한 양의 상관관계를 보여주었다. 청개구리의 크기는 높은 고도로 갈수록 커졌으며, 이러한 경향성은 크기와 관련된 생물학적 법칙 중 하나인 베르그만의 룰에서의 설명과 일치하였다. 결론적으로 서식지의 환경은 청개구리의 크기에 영향을 줄 수 있으며, 지역에 따라 일정한 방향성을 가지며 나타남을 알 수 있음을 보여준다.

Keywords

References

  1. Adams, D.C. and J.O. Church(2008) Amphibians do not follow Bergmann's rule. Evolution 62: 413-420. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00297.x
  2. Allen, J.A.(1877) The influence of physical conditions in the genesis of species. Radical Review 1: 108-140.
  3. Ashton, K.G.(2002) Do amphibians follow Bergmann's rule? Can. J. Zool. 80: 708-716. https://doi.org/10.1139/z02-049
  4. Bancila, R.I., R. Plaiasu and D. Cogalniceanu(2009) Effect of latitude and altitude on body size in the common frog (Rana temporaria) populations. Studii si Cercetari: Biologie 17: 43-46.
  5. Bergmann, C.(1847) Uber die Verhaltnisse der Warmeokonomie der Thiere zu ihrer Grosse, Gott. Stud. 1: 595-708.
  6. Boaratti, A.Z. and F.R. Da Silva(2015) Relationships between environmental gradients and geographic variation in the intraspecific body size of three species of frogs (Anura). Austral. Ecol. 40: 869-876. https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.12267
  7. Chang, M.H., K.S. Koo and J.Y. Song(2011) The list of amphibian species in 66 islands in Korea. Korean J. Herpetol. 3: 19-24.
  8. Chen, W., T.L. Yu and X. Lu(2011) Age and body size of Rana kukunoris, a high-elevation frog native to the Tibetan plateau. Herpetol. J. 21: 149-151.
  9. Choi, N. and Y. Jang(2014) Background matching by means of dorsal color change in treefrog populations (Hyla japonica). J. Exp. Zool. A Ecol. Genet. Physiol. 321: 108-118. https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.1841
  10. Cvetkovic, D., N. Tomasevic, G.F. Ficetola, J. Crnobrnja‐Isailovic and C. Miaud(2009) Bergmann's rule in amphibians: combining demographic and ecological parameters to explain body size variation among populations in the common toad Bufo bufo. J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res. 47: 171-180. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.2008.00504.x
  11. Eweleit, L. and K. Reinhold(2014) Body size and elevation: do Bergmann's and Rensch's rule apply in the polytypic bushcricket Poecilimon veluchianus?. Ecol. Entomol. 39: 133-136. https://doi.org/10.1111/een.12061
  12. Gaston, K.J., S.L. Chown and K.L. Evans(2008). Ecogeographical rules: elements of a synthesis. J. Biogeogr 35: 483-500. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01772.x
  13. Gloger, C.L.(1833) Das Abandern der Vogel durch Einfluss des Klima's (Breslau). Schulz.
  14. Glutton-Brock, T.H. and A.C. Vincent(1991) Sexual selection and the potential reproductive rates of males and females. Nature 351: 58. https://doi.org/10.1038/351058a0
  15. Gul, S., K. Olgun and B. Kutrup(2011) Body size and age structure of Pelophylax ridibundus populations from two different altitudes in Turkey. Amphibia-Reptilia 32: 287-292. https://doi.org/10.1163/017353711X559094
  16. Heatwole, H., F. Torres, S.B. de Austin and A. Heatwole(1969) Studies on anuran water balance-I. Dynamics of evaporative water loss in the coqui Eleutherodactylus portoricensis. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 28: 245-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-406X(69)91342-5
  17. Hemelaar, A.(1988) Age, growth and other population characteristics of Bufo bufo from different latitudes and altitudes. J. Herpetol. 369-388.
  18. Inukai, T. and S. Ochiai(1931) A study on the breeding habits of Hyla arborea japonica Guenther. J. Fac. Hokkaido Imperial Univ. Ser. VI. Zool. 1: 111-116.
  19. Jang, H.J. and J.W. Suh(2010) Distribution of amphibian species in South Korea. Korean J. Herpetol. 2: 45-51.
  20. Jang, Y., E.H. Hahm, H.J. Lee, S. Park, Y.J. Won and J.C. Choe(2011). Geographic variation in advertisement calls in a tree frog species: gene flow and selection hypotheses. PloS one 6: e23297. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023297
  21. Koo, K.S.(2014) Biogeographical Variation of Korean Tree Frog (Hyla japonica) Based on External Characteristics. Master Thesis. Jeju National University, 50pp.
  22. Koo, K.S., S.H. Park, J.S. Kim, S.R. Kwon, W.J. Choi, I.K. Park, H.N. Cho, J.J. Park, H.S. Oh and D. Park(2017) The Comparison of Size and Morphology of Scales in Nine Korean Snake Species (6 in Colubridae, 3 in Viperidae). Korean. J. Ecol. Environ. 50: 207-215. https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2017.50.2.207
  23. Laugen, A.T., A. Laurila, K. Rasanen and J. Merila(2003) Latitudinal countergradient variation in the common frog (Rana temporaria) development rates - evidence for local adaptation. J. Evol. Biol. 16: 996-100. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00560.x
  24. Laugen, A.T., A. Laurila, K.I. Jonsson, F. Soderman and J. Merila(2005) Do common frogs (Rana temporaria) follow Bergmann's rule? Evol. Ecol. Res. 7: 717-731.
  25. Lee, J.H., H.J. Jang and J.H. Suh(2011) Ecological Guide Book of Herpetofauna in Korea. National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea.
  26. Liao, W.B., C.Q. Zhou, Z.S. Yang, J.C. Hu and X. Lu(2010) Age, size and growth in two populations of the dark-spotted frog Rana nigromaculata at different altitudes in southwestern China. Herpetol. J. 20: 77-82.
  27. Liu, Y.H., Y. Zeng, W.B. Liao, C.Q. Zhou, Z.P. Mi, M. Mao and L. Chen(2012) Altitudinal variation in body size in the Rice Frog (Rana limnocharis) in southwestern China. Acta. Herpetol. 7: 57-68.
  28. Lou, S.L., L. Jin, Y.H. Liu, Z.P. Mi, G. Tao, Y.M. Tang and W.B. Liao(2012) Altitudinal variation in age and body size in Yunnan Pond Frog (Pelophylax pleuraden). Zool. Sci. 29: 493-498. https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.29.493
  29. Ma, X., X. Lu and J. Merila(2009) Altitudinal decline of body size in a Tibetan frog. J. Zool. 279: 364-371. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00627.x
  30. Morris, M.R.(1989). Female choice of large males in the treefrog Hyla chrysoscelis: the importance of identifying the scale of choice. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 25: 275-281. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00300054
  31. Olalla‐Tarraga, M.A. and M.A. Rodriguez(2007) Energy and interspecific body size patterns of amphibian faunas in Europe and North America: anurans follow Bergmann's rule, urodeles its converse. Global. Ecol. Biogeogr. 16: 606-617. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00309.x
  32. Olalla‐Tarraga, M.A., J.A.F. Diniz‐Filho, R.P. Bastos and M.A. Rodriguez(2009) Geographic body size gradients in tropical regions: water deficit and anuran body size in the Brazilian Cerrado. Ecography 32: 581-590. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2008.05632.x
  33. Ozdemir, N., A. Altunisik, T. Ergul, S. Gul, M. Tosunoglu, G. Cadeddu and C. Giacoma(2012) Variation in body size and age structure among three Turkish populations of the treefrog Hyla arborea. Amphibia-Reptilia 33: 25-35. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853811X619790
  34. Park, S.H. and K.H. Cho(2017) Comparison of Health Status of Japanese Tree Frog (Hyla Japonica) in a Rural and an Urban Area. Ecol. Resil. Infrastruct. 4: 71-74. https://doi.org/10.17820/eri.2017.4.1.071
  35. Rohner, P.T., S. Pitnick, W.U. Blanckenhorn, R.R. Snook, G. Bachli and S. Lupold(2018) Interrelations of global macroecological patterns in wing and thorax size, sexual size dimorphism, and range size of the Drosophilidae. Ecography 41: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.02596
  36. Stejneger, L.(1907) Herpetology of Japan and adjacent territory. Bulletin United States National Museum 58: 1-577.