Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회지)

Korean Society of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Decay rate and Nutrient Dynamics during Litter Decomposition of Pinus rigida and Pinus koraiensis

리기다소나무와 잣나무 낙엽의 분해율 및 분해과정에 따른 영양염류 함량 변화

  • Won, Ho-yeon (Division of Basic Research, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Lee, Young-sang (Division of Basic Research, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Jo, Soo-un (Department of Biology, Kongju National University) ;
  • Lee, Il-hwan (Division of Ecological Conservation, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Jin, Sun-deok (Division of Basic Research, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Hwang, So-young (Division of Ecological Monitoring, National Institute of Ecology)
  • 원호연 (국립생태원 생태기반연구실) ;
  • 이영상 (국립생태원 생태기반연구실) ;
  • 조수언 (공주대학교 생명과학과) ;
  • 이일환 (국립생태원 생태보전연구실) ;
  • 진선덕 (국립생태원 생태기반연구실) ;
  • 황소영 (국립생태원 생태조사연구실)
  • Received : 2018.06.21
  • Accepted : 2018.11.05
  • Published : 2018.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We examined the nutrient dynamics during the leaf litter decomposition rate and process of Pinus rigida and Pinus koraiensis in Gongju for 21 months from December 2014 to September 2016 as a part of National Long-Term Ecological Research Program in Korea. The remaining weight rate of P. rigida and P. koraiensis leaf litter was $58.27{\pm}4.13$ and $54.08{\pm}4.32%$, respectively, indicating that the P. koraiensis leaf litter decomposed faster than P. rigida leaf litter. The decay constant (k) of P. rigida leaf litter and P.koraiensis leaf litter after 21 months was 0.95 and 1.08, respectively, indicating that P. koraiensis leaf litter decayed faster than P. rigida leaf litter probably due to the difference of nitrogen concentration between the two. The C/N ratio of P. rigida and P. koraiensis leaf litter was 64.4 and 40.6, respectively, initially, and then decreased to 41.0 and 18.9, respectively, after 21 months. The C/P ratio of P. rigida and P. koraiensis leaf litter was 529.8 and 236.5, respectively, and then decreased to 384.1, 205.2, respectively, after 21 months. The contents of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg were 6.78, 0.83, 2.84, 0.99, and 2.59 mg/g, respectively, in the P. rigida leaf litter and 10.90, 1.87, 5.82, 4.79, and 2.00 mg/g, respectively, in the P. koraiensis leaf litter, indicating that the elements except the magnesium showed higher contents in P. koraiensis. After 21 months elapsed, remaining N, P, K, Ca, and Mg was 88.4, 77.6, 26.7, 50.5 and 44.5%, respectively, in decomposing P. rigida, and 114.4, 61.3, 7.6, 115.2 and 72.0%, respectively, decomposing P. koraiensis leaf litter.

국가장기생태연구사업의 일환으로 국내 주요 조림수종인 리기다소나무와 잣나무 낙엽의 분해율 및 분해과정에 따른 영양염류 함량 변화를 파악하였다. 분해 21개월경과 후 리기다소나무 낙엽과 잣나무 낙엽의 잔존률은 각각 $58.27{\pm}4.13$, $54.08{\pm}4.32$으로 잣나무 낙엽의 분해가 리기다소나무 낙엽보다 빠르게 진행되는 것으로 나타났다. 21개월경과 후 리기다소나무 낙엽과 잣나무 낙엽의 분해상수(k)는 각각 0.95, 1.08로 잣나무 낙엽의 분해상수가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 리기다소나무 낙엽과 잣나무 낙엽의 초기 C/N 비율은 각각 64.4, 40.6 이었으나 21개월경과 후에는 각각 41.0, 18.9로 점차 감소하였고, C/P 비율은 리기다소나무 낙엽과 잣나무 낙엽에서 초기에 각각 529.8, 236.5에서 21개월경과 후 384.1, 205.2로 감소하였다. 낙엽의 초기 N,P,K,Ca,Mg 함량은 리기다소나무 낙엽에서 각각 6.78, 0.83, 2.84, 0.99, 2.59 mg/g 이었으며, 잣나무 낙엽에서 각각 10.90, 1.87, 5.82, 4.79, 2.00 mg/g으로 마그네슘을 제외한 원소의 함량은 잣나무에서 높았다. 21개월 경과 후 N,P,K,Ca,Mg 잔존률은 리기다소나무 낙엽에서 각각 88.4, 77.6, 26.7, 50.5, 44.5%이었으며 잣나무 낙엽에서 각각 114.4, 61.3, 7.6, 115.2, 72.0%로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. Alhamd, L., S. Arakaki and A. Hagihara(2004) Decomposition of leaf litter of four tree species in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, Okinawa Island, Japan. Forest Ecology and Management 202(1-3): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.02.062
  2. Baker, T.T., B.G. Lockaby, W.H. Conner, C.E. Meier, J.A. Stanturf and M.K. Burke(2001) Leaf litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics in four southern forested floodplain communities. J. American Socof. Soil Sci. 65: 1334-1347. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2001.6541334x
  3. Berg, B. and G. Agren(1984) Decomposition of needle litter and its organic chemical components; theory and field experiments : long term decomposition in a Scots pine forest 3. Canadian Journal of Botany 62: 2880-2888. https://doi.org/10.1139/b84-384
  4. Berg, B. and H. Staaf(1981) Leaching accumulation and release of nitrogen in decomposing forest litter. Ecological Bulletin 33: 163-178.
  5. Berg, B. and O. Theander(1984) Dynamics of some nitrogen fraction in decomposition Scots pine needle litter. Pedobiologia 27: 264-267.
  6. Berg, B., M.P. Berg, P. Bottner, E. Box, A. Breymeyer, R.C. De Anta, ... and M. Madeira(1993) Litter mass loss rates in pine forests of Europe and Eastern United States: some relationships with climate and litter quality. Biogeochemistry, 20(3): 127-159. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00000785
  7. Berg, B., H. Staaf and B. Wessen(1987) Decomposition and nutrient release in needle litter from nitrogen-fertilized Scats pine(Pinus sylvestris) stands. Sca. J. For. Res. 2: 399-415. https://doi.org/10.1080/02827588709382478
  8. Berg, B., K. Hannus, T. Popoff and O. Theander(1982) Changes in organic chemical components of needle litter during decomposition. In Long-term decomposition in a Scots pine forest. I. Canadian Journal of Botany 60: 1310-1319. https://doi.org/10.1139/b82-167
  9. Black, C.A., D.D. Evans and R.C. Dinauer(1965) Methods of soil analysis. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
  10. Blanco, J.A., J.B. Imbert and F.J. Castillo(2008) Nutrient return via ltterfall in two constrating Pinus sylvestris forests in the Pyrenees under different thinning intensities. Forest Ecology and Management 256: 1840-1852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.07.011
  11. Bocock, K.L.(1964) Changes in the amount of dry matter, nitrogen, carbon and energy in decomposing woodland leaf litter in relation to the activities of soil fauna. Eco. 52: 273-284.
  12. Bray, J.R. and E. Gorham(1964) Litter production in forests of the world. Advance in Ecological Reserch 2: 101-157.
  13. Brinson, M.M.(1977) Decomposition and nutrient exchange of litter in an Alluvial swamp forest. Ecology 58(3): 601-609. https://doi.org/10.2307/1939009
  14. Chang, N.K. and J.H. Yoo(1986) Annual fluctuations and vertical distributions of cellulase, xylanase activities and soil microorganisms in humus horizon of a Pinus rigida stand. Korean J. Ecology 9(4): 231-241.
  15. Cole, D.W. and M. Rapp(1981) Elemental cycling in forest ecosystems. In Dynamic Properties of Forest(Reiche DE, eds). International Biological Programme 23. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp. 341-409.
  16. Daubenmire, R.F.(1953) Nutrient content of leaf litter of trees in the Northern Rocky Mountains. Eco. 34(4): 786-793. https://doi.org/10.2307/1931341
  17. Edmonds, R.L. and T.B. Thomas(1995) Decomposition and nutrient release from green needles of western hemlock and Pacific silver fir in an old-growth temperate rain forest, Olympic National Park, Washington. Can. J. For. Res. 25: 1049-1057. https://doi.org/10.1139/x95-115
  18. Fogel, R. and K. Cromack Jr(1977) Effect of habitat and substrate quality on Donglas-fir litter decomposition in western Oregon. Can. J. Bot. 55: 1632-1640. https://doi.org/10.1139/b77-190
  19. Gosz, J.R., G.E. Likens and F.H. Bormann(1973) Nutrient release from decomposing leaf and branch litter in the Hubbard Brook Forest, New Hampshire. Ecological Monographs 43: 173-191. https://doi.org/10.2307/1942193
  20. Heal, O.W., J.M. Anderson and M.J. Swift(1997) Plant litter quality and decomposition : an historical overview. In : Cadisch G, Giller KE, eds), International Wallingford, UK, pp. 3-45. Driven by Nature: Plant Litter Quality and Decomposition. CAB.
  21. Hobbie, S.E. and P.M. Vitousek(2000) Nutrient limitation of decomposition in Hawaiian forests. Ecology 81(7): 1867-1877. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[1867:NLODIH]2.0.CO;2
  22. Jensen, H.L.(1929) On the influence of the carbon:nitrogen ratios of organic material on the mineralization of nitrogen. J. Agr. Sci. 19: 71-82. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600011163
  23. Jensen, V.(1974) Decomposition of angiosperm tree leaf litter. In Biology of plant litter decomposition Vol. 1 (Dickson CH, Pugh GJF, eds). Academic Press, New York. pp. 69-104.
  24. Kelly, J.M and J.J. Beauchamp(1987) Mass loss and Nutrient changes in decomposing upland oak and mesic-mixed hardwood leaf litter. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 51: 1616-1622. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100060038x
  25. Kim, C.M. and N.K. Chang(1965) The decomposition rate of litter affecting the amount of mineral nutrients of forest soil in the Korea. Bull Eco. Soc. Am. Sep. 14p
  26. Kim, C.S., J.H. Lim and J.H. Shin(2003) Nutrient dynamics in litterfall and decomposing leaf litter at the Kwangneung deciduous broad-leaved natural forest. Kor Jour of Agri Forest Meteoro 5(2): 87-93.
  27. Kim, J.K. and N.K. Chang(1989) Litter production and decomposition in the Pinus Rigida plantation in Mt. Kwanak. J. Ecol. Field Biol. 12(1): 9-20.
  28. Klemmedson, J.O., C.E. Meier and R.E. Campbell(1985) Needle decomposition and nutrient release in ponderosa pine ecosystems. Forest Science 31: 647-660.
  29. Kucera, C.L.(1959) Weathering characteristics of deciduous leaflitter. Eco. 40(3): 485-487. https://doi.org/10.2307/1929768
  30. Lee, E.K., J.H. Lim, C.S. Kim and Y.K. Kim(2006) Nutrient Dynamics in Decomposing Leaf Litter and Litter Production at the Long-Term Ecological Research Site in Mt. Gyebang. J. Ecol. Field Biol. 29(6): 585-591. https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2006.29.6.585
  31. Liu, P., J. Huang, O.J. Sun and X. Han(2010) Litter decomposition and nutrient release as affected by soil nitrogen availability and litter quality in a semiarid grassland ecosystem. Oecologia 162: 771-780. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-009-1506-7
  32. Lousier, J.D. and D. Parkinson(1978) Chemical element dynamics in decomposing leaf litter. Canadian Journal of Botany 56: 2795-2812. https://doi.org/10.1139/b78-335
  33. Meentemeyer, V., E.O. Box and R.T. Thompson(1982) World patterns and amounts of terrestrial litter production. BioScience 32: 125-128. https://doi.org/10.2307/1308565
  34. Melillo, J.M., J.D. Aber and J.F. Muratore(1982) Nitrogen and lignin control of hardwood leaf litter decomposition dynamics. Eco. 63: 621-626.
  35. Millar, C.S.(1974) Decomposition of coniferous leaf litter. In Biology of plant litter decomposition (Dickson CH, Pugh GJF, eds). Vol. 1. Academic Press, New York, pp. 105-128.
  36. Mun, H.T. and J.H. Pyo(1994) Dynamics of nutrient and chemical constituents during litter decomposition. Korean Journal of Ecology 17(4): 501-511.
  37. Mun, H.T. and H.T. Joo(1994) Litter Production and Decomposition in the Quercus acutissima and Pinus rigida Forests. J. Eco. Field Bio. 17(3): 345-353.
  38. Mun, H.T. and J.H. Pyo(1994) Dynamics of Nutrient and Chemical Constituents during Litter Decomposition. J. Ecol. Field Bio. 17(4): 501-511.
  39. Mun, H.T.(2009) Weight loss and nutrient dynamics during leaf litter decomposition of Quercus mongolica in Mt. Worak National Park. J. Ecol. Field Biol. 32(2): 123-127.
  40. Namgung, J.(2010) Production and Nutrient cycling in the Quercus varialilis forest at Mt. Worak. Ph. D. thesis, Univ. of Kongju, Gongju, Korea., 58pp. (in Korean with English abstract)
  41. Namgung, J., A.R. Han and H.T. Mun(2008) Weight loss and nutrient dynamics during leaf litter decomposition of Quercus variabilis and Pinus densiflora at Mt. Worak National Park. J Ecol. Field Biol. 31(4): 291-295.
  42. Olsen, C.(1932) Studies of nitrogen fixation: nitrogen fixation in the dead leaves of forest beds. Compt Rend Trav Lab Carlsberg. 19: 36.
  43. Olson, J.S.(1963) Energy storage and the balance of producers and decomposers in ecological systems. Eco. 44: 321-331.
  44. Park, B.K. and I.S. Lee(1981) A Model for Litter Decomposition of the Forest Ecosystem in South Korea. J. Eco. Field Bio. 4(1-2): 38-51.
  45. Schlesinger, W.H.(1985) Decomposition of chaparral shrub foliage. Ecology 66: 1353-1359. https://doi.org/10.2307/1939188
  46. Seereeram, S. and P. Lavender(2003) Analysis of leaf litter to establish its suitability for compositing to produce a commercially saleable product. A Report Prepared for SWAP. Aqua Enviro. pp18.
  47. Song, J.E.(2011). Additive effects of mixing litter on litter decomposition and N, P and C dynamics in a Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica) natural stand and a Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis) plantation. Ph. D. thesis, Univ. of Seoul. Seoul, Korea, 25pp. (in Korean with English abstract)
  48. Swift, M.J., O.W. Heal and J.M. Anderson(1979) Decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems. Studies in Ecology Vol 5. Univ of California Press, Berkley and Los Angeles, 372pp.
  49. Won, H.Y., D.K. Kim, K.J. Lee, S.B. Park, J.S. Choi and H.T. Mun(2014). Long term decomposition and nutrients dynamics of Quercus mongolica and Pinus densiflora leaf litter in Mt. Worak National Park. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 28(5): 566-573. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2014.28.5.566
  50. Won, H.Y., K.H. Oh and H.T. Mun(2012). Decay Rate and Nutrient Dynamics during Litter Decomposition of Quercus acutissima in Gongju and Jinju. Journal of Wetlands Research, 14. Dynamics of nutrient and chemical constituents during litter decomposition.
  51. Xu, X., E. Hirata, T. Enoki and Y. Tokashiki(2004) Leaf litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics in a subtropical forest after typhoon disturbance. Plant Ecology 173: 161-170. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:VEGE.0000029319.05980.70
  52. Yoo, J.S.(1991) Weight loss and nutrient dynamics during litter decomposition of Pinus thunbergii and Castanea crenata. Kongju University, 22p. (in Korean with English abstract)