Fig. 1. Information of truck’s axles loads and location and trucks’ formations: (a) the standard Korean design truck loads (adopted from MOLIT, 2016), (b) Case 1 - trucks parallel and adjacent to the wall with a distance 0 m, (c) Case 2 - trucks parallel to the wall with a distance of 0.3 m, (d) Case 3 - trucks perpendicular to the wall (plan view)
Fig. 2. Point load(P) on surface in cartesian coordinates
Fig. 3. Earth pressure induced by treuck load and lane loads acting: (a) parallel to the wall and (b) perpendicular to the wall
Fig. 4. Calculation of total lateral pressure against retaining wall and its elevation
Fig. 5. Typical model section (Case 1; height of wall: 6.0 m)
Fig. 6. Typical results of numerical analysis for unloading and loading traffic load (Case 2); (a) H=1.5 m, (b) H=3.0 m, (c) H=6.0 m
Fig. 7. Distribution of lateral earth pressure acting on the wall at initial and final loading stages with different wall heights; (a) Case 1, (b) Case 2, and (c) Case 3
Fig. 8. Variation of lateral earth pressures with lane loads and truck loads between the initial and the final loading stages with different wall heights: (a) Case 1, (b) Case 2, (c) Case 3
Fig. 9. Magnitudes of total earth pressures acting on the wall with lane and truck loads applied: (a) Case 1, (b) Case 2, and (c) Case 3
Fig. 10. Heights (eh) on which the total lateral earth pressures measured from the bottom of the wall: (a) Case 1, (b) Case 2, and (c) Case 3
Table 1. Properties of materials used in the modeling
Table 2. Properties of pavement used in the modeling
Table 3. Summary of numerical analysis
Table 4. Equivalent height of soils (heq) on retaining walls (unit: meter)
참고문헌
- AASHTO (2012), "LRFD Bridge Design Specifications", 6th Ed., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington DC.
- Holl, D. L. (1940), "Stress transmission in earths" Proc., Highway Research Board, Washington, D.C., 20, pp.709-721.
- Kim, J. S. and Barker, R. M. (2002), "Effect of live load surcharge on retaining walls and abutments", Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol.128, No.10, pp.803-813. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2002)128:10(803)
- Lee, S. D. (2016), "Earth pressure theory", CIR, pp.68-98. (in Korean)
- MOCT (2003a), Standard Drawing of Road Wall, MOCT (Ministry of Construction and Transportation). (in Korean)
- MOCT (2003b), Comprehensive Report on Standard Drawing of Road Wall, MOCT (Ministry of Construction and Transportation). (in Korean)
- MLTMA (2012), Standard of Concrete and Structure, MLTMA (Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs). (in Korean)
- MOLIT (2016a), Research on Maintenance of Retaining Wall for Reasonable Road, MOLIT (Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs). (in Korean)
- MOLIT (2016b), Standard of Tunnel Road, MOLIT (Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs). (in Korean)
- Plaxis VB (2017), Materials Model Manual, PLAXIS Corp., Netherlands.
- Poulos, H. G. and Davis, E. G. (1974). "Elastic solutions for soil and rock mechanics", Wiley, New York.
피인용 문헌
- 옹벽에 작용하는 수평토압 특성 분석 및 합리적인 등가상재하중 높이 산정 vol.18, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.12814/jkgss.2019.18.4.139