Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

The Korea Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine (대한기생충학·열대의학회)
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Impact of Single Dose Praziquantel Treatment on Schistosoma haematobium Infection among School Children in an Endemic Nigerian Community

  • Adewale, Babatunde (Public Health and Epidemiology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research) ;
  • Mafe, Margaret A. (Public Health and Epidemiology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research) ;
  • Sulyman, Medinat A. (Public Health and Epidemiology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research) ;
  • Idowu, Emmanuel T. (Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos) ;
  • Ajayi, Morakinyo B. (Public Health and Epidemiology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research) ;
  • Akande, David O. (Public Health and Epidemiology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research) ;
  • Mckerrow, James H. (Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego) ;
  • Balogun, Emmanuel O. (Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University)
  • Received : 2018.05.25
  • Accepted : 2018.11.12
  • Published : 2018.12.31
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Abstract

Schistosomiasis is prevalent in Nigeria, and the foremost pathogen is Schistosoma haematobium, which affects about 29 million people. Single dose of the drug praziquantel is often recommended for treatment but the efficacy has not been documented in certain regions. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the impact of single dose praziquantel treatment on S. haematobium infection among school children in an endemic community of South-Western Nigeria. Urine samples were collected from 434 school children and 10 ml was filtered through Nucleopore filter paper before examination for egg outputs by microscopy. The prevalence was 24.9% at pre-treatment. There was no statistically significant difference for the prevalence of infection between males (14.7%) and females (10.2%), although the mean egg count for the females (9.87) was significantly more (P<0.05) than the males (6.06). At 6 and 12 months post-treatment there was 74.4% and 86.4% reduction in the mean egg count, respectively. Interestingly, an increased prevalence of infection from 2.1% at 6 months to 7.7% at 12 months post-treatment was observed, nonetheless the mean egg count was reduced to 0.27 at 12th month from 1.98 at 6 months post-treatment. Resurgence in the prevalence rate between 6 and 12 months post-treatment with praziquantel is herein reported and the need for a follow-up treatment in endemic areas for adequate impact on schistosomiasis control is discussed.

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