Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment (한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경)

Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment (한국지하수토양환경학회)
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Reduction of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Mobility in Operational Range Soil by Sorption Enhancement and Desorption Decrease Using Monopotassium Phosphate and Montmorillonite

제일인산칼륨과 몬트모릴로나이트 점토를 이용한 사격장 토양 내 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene의 흡착증진 및 탈착감소에 의한 이동성 저감 연구

  • Jung, Jae-Woong (Gyeongnam Department of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology) ;
  • Yu, Gihyeon (R&D Center, OIKOS Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Nam, Kyoungphile (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University)
  • 정재웅 (안전성평가연구소 경남환경독성본부) ;
  • 유기현 (오이코스 R&D Center) ;
  • 남경필 (서울대학교 건설환경공학부)
  • Received : 2018.11.09
  • Accepted : 2018.11.21
  • Published : 2018.12.31
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Abstract

Mobility reduction of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) was tested by amending monopotassium phosphate (MKP) and montmorillonite to a firing range soil contaminated with TNT. While addition of MKP enhanced sorption of TNT on soil matrix, and combined use of MKP with montmorillonite significantly decreased desorption of TNT as well as remarkably increased the TNT sorption. Montmorillonite amendment by 5% of soil mass resulted in TNT desorption of 0.12 mg/kg from soil loaded with 9.93 mg/kg-TNT. The decrease of TNT desorption was proportional to the amount of montmorillonite amended. At 10 and 15% amendment, only 0.79 and 1.23 mg/kg-TNT was desorbed from 29.33 and 48.80 mg/kg-TNT. In addition, the leaching of TNT with synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) and hydroxypropyl-${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (HPCD) decreased, indicating that TNT in MKP/montmorillonite-treated soil became more stable and less leachable. The results demonstrate that addition of MKP and montmorillonite to TNT-contaminated soil reduces the mobility of TNT from soil not only by increasing TNT sorption, but also decreasing TNT desorption. It was found that MKP and montmorillonite amendments by 5 and 10% of soil mass, respectively, were optimal for reducing the mobility of soil TNT.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Sorbed concentration of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in monopotassium phosphate (MKP)-amended soil according to sorption period. Initially applied concentration of TNT = 10 mg/kg.

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Fig. 2. Leachable concentration of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) inmonopotassium phosphate (MKP)-amended soil according toincubation period. Initially applied concentration of TNT = 160mg/kg, corresponding to leachable concentration of 8 mg/L.

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Fig. 3. Log-transformed Freundlich sorption isotherm plotted as log-transformed sorbed 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) concentration (q) vs dissolved phase (Cw) of TNT at sorption equilibrium.

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Fig. 4. Desorbed fraction (desorbed concentration/sorbed concentration (q)) of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) from soil with different amendment conditions with respect to desorption time. (a) Soil only (no amendment), (b) Monopotassium phosphate (MKP, 5% of soil mass)-amended soil, (c) MKP- and montmorillonite (5% of soil mass for each)-amended soil, (d) MKP- and montmorillonite (5% and 10% of soil mass, respectively)-amended soil, (e) MKP- and montmorillonite (5% and 15% of soil mass, respectively)-amended soil.

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Fig. 5. Freundlich sorption and desorption isotherms of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) for soils with different treatments. Cw and q refers to the TNT concentration in aqueous phase and sorbed phase at sorption equilibrium, respectively. (a) Untreated soil. (b) Potassium phosphate monobasic (MKP)-treated soil. (c) MKP- and bentonite (5% of soil mass)-treated soil. (d) MKP- and bentonite (10% of soil mass)-treated soil. (e) MKP- and bentonite (15% of soil mass)-treated soil.

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Fig. 6. Extractable fraction of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) determined by synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) or HPCD extraction in soils with different amendment conditions.

Table 1. Physicochemical properties of the soil used in this study

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Table 2. Sorbed and desorbed concentration of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in the presence of MKP and/or montmorillonite

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