Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회지)

Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회)
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Pollution Characteristics of PM2.5 Observed during Winter and Summer in Baengryeongdo and Seoul

겨울 및 여름철 백령도와 서울에서 측정한 PM2.5 오염 특성

  • Yu, Geun-Hye (Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Park, Seung-Shik (Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Park, Jong Sung (Air Quality Research Division, Climate and Air Quality Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Park, Seung Myeong (Air Quality Research Division, Climate and Air Quality Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Song, In Ho (Air Quality Research Division, Climate and Air Quality Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Oh, Jun (Air Quality Research Division, Climate and Air Quality Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Shin, Hye Jung (Air Quality Research Division, Climate and Air Quality Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Lee, Min Do (Air Quality Research Division, Climate and Air Quality Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Lim, Hyung Bae (Air Quality Research Division, Climate and Air Quality Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kim, Hyun Woong (Air Quality Research Division, Climate and Air Quality Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Choi, Jin Young (Air Quality Research Division, Climate and Air Quality Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research)
  • 유근혜 (전남대학교 환경에너지공학과) ;
  • 박승식 (전남대학교 환경에너지공학과) ;
  • 박종성 (국립환경과학원 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 박승명 (국립환경과학원 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 송인호 (국립환경과학원 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 오준 (국립환경과학원 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 신혜정 (국립환경과학원 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 이민도 (국립환경과학원 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 임형배 (국립환경과학원 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 김현웅 (국립환경과학원 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 최진영 (국립환경과학원 대기환경연구과)
  • Received : 2017.12.08
  • Accepted : 2018.02.11
  • Published : 2018.02.28
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Abstract

Hourly measurements of $PM_{2.5}$ mass, organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), and water-soluble ionic species were made at the air quality intensive monitoring stations in Baengryeongdo (BR) and Seoul (SL) during the winter (December 01~31, 2013) and summer (July 10~23, 2014) periods, to investigate the increase of $PM_{2.5}$ and secondary ionic species and the reasons leading to their increase during the two seasons. During winter, $PM_{2.5}$ and its major chemical species concentrations were higher at SL than at BR. Contribution of organic mass to $PM_{2.5}$ was approximately 1.7 times higher at BR than at SL, but the $NO_3{^-}$ contribution was two times higher at SL. Total concentration of secondary ionic species ($SO{_4}^{2-}$, $NO_3{^-}$, and $NH_4{^+}$) at BR and SL sites accounted for 29.1 and 40.1% of $PM_{2.5}$, respectively. However, during summer, no significant difference in chemical composition of $PM_{2.5}$ was found between the two sites with the exception of $SO{_4}^{2-}$. Total concentration of the secondary ionic species constituted on average 43.9% of $PM_{2.5}$ at BR and 53.0% at SL. A noticeable difference in chemical composition between the two sites during summer was attributed to $SO{_4}^{2-}$, with approximately twofold concentration and 10% higher contribution in SL. Low wind speed and high relative humidity were important factors in secondary formation of water-soluble ionic species during winter at SL, resulting in $PM_{2.5}$ increase. While the secondary formation during summer was attributed to strong photochemical processes in daytime and high relative humidity in nighttime hours. The increase of $PM_{2.5}$ and its secondary ionic species during the winter haze pollution period at SL was mainly caused either by long-range transport (LTP) from the eastern Chinese regions, or by local pollution. However, the increased $SO{_4}^{2-}$ and $NO_3{^-}$ during summer at SL were mainly caused by LTP, photochemical processes in daytime hours, and heterogeneous processes in nighttime hours.

Keywords

References

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