Computers and Concrete

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Early-age thermal analysis and strain monitoring of massive concrete structures

  • Geng, Yan (College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology) ;
  • Li, Xiongyan (College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology) ;
  • Xue, Suduo (College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology) ;
  • Li, Jinguang (Department of Civil Engineering, China Huanqiu Contracting & Engineering Co. Ltd.) ;
  • Song, Yanjie (Department of Civil Engineering, China Huanqiu Contracting & Engineering Co. Ltd.)
  • Received : 2017.09.15
  • Accepted : 2017.12.14
  • Published : 2018.03.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Hydration heat and thermal induced cracking have always been a fatal problem for massive concrete structures. In order to study a massive reinforced concrete wall of a storage tank for liquefied natural gas (LNG) during its construction, two mock-ups of $0.8m{\times}0.8m{\times}0.8m$ without and with metal corrugated pipes were designed based on the actual wall construction plan. Temperature distribution and strain development of both mock-ups were measured and compared inside and on the surface of them. Meanwhile, time-dependent thermal and mechanical properties of the concrete were tested standardly and introduced into the finite-element (FE) software with a proposed hydration degree model. According to the comparison results, the FE simulation of temperature field agreed well with the measured data. Besides, the maximum temperature rise was slightly higher and the shrinkage was generally larger in the mock-up without pipes, indicating that corrugated pipes could reduce concrete temperature and decrease shrinkage of surrounding concrete. In addition, the cooling rate decreased approximately linearly with the reduction of heat transfer coefficient h, implying that a target cooling curve can be achieved by calculating a desired coefficient h. Moreover, the maximum cooling rate did not necessarily decrease with the extension of demoulding time. It is better to remove the formwork at least after 116 hours after concrete casting, which promises lower risk of thermal cracking of early-age concrete.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : China Huanqiu Contracting & Engineering Co. Ltd.

References

  1. Abbasi, A. and Hogg, P.J. (2005), "A model for predicting the properties of the constituents of a glass fibre rebar reinforced concrete beam at elevated temperatures simulating a fire test", Compos. Part B Eng., 36(5), 384-393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2005.01.005
  2. ACI 207 (2007), Report on Thermal and Volume Change Effects on Cracking of Mass Concrete, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, USA.
  3. ACI 231 (2010), Report on Early-Age Cracking: Causes, Measurement and Mitigation, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, USA.
  4. Amin, M.N., Kim, J.S., Lee, Y. and Kim, J.K. (2009), "Simulation of the thermal stress in mass concrete using a thermal stress measuring device", Cement Concrete Res., 39(3), 154-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2008.12.008
  5. Asan, H. (2006), "Numerical computation of time lags and decrement factors for different building materials", Build. Environ., 41(5), 615-620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.02.020
  6. ASTM C 1074-11 (2011), Standard Practice for Estimating Concrete Strength by Maturity Method, American Society for Testing and Materials; West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  7. Buffo-Lacarriere, L., Sellier, A., Turatsinze, A. and Escadeillas, G. (2011), "Finite element modelling of hardening concrete: application to the prediction of early age cracking for massive reinforced structures", Mater. Struct., 44, 1821-1835. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-011-9740-y
  8. Cai, Z.Y. (1979), Concrete Properties, China Architecture & Building Press, Beijing, China. (in Chinese)
  9. Chen, C.H. (2006), "Analysis of temperature field and thermal stress in construction considering the influence of reinforcement", Master Thesis, Hohai University, Nanjing. (in Chinese)
  10. Dahmani, L. (2011), "Thermomechanical response of LNG concrete tank to cryogenic temperatures", Strength Mater., 43(5), 526-531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11223-011-9323-8
  11. De Schutter, G. (2002), "Finite element simulation of thermal cracking in massive hardening concrete elements using degree of hydration based material laws", Comput. Struct., 80, 2035-2042. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-7949(02)00270-5
  12. Di Luzio, G. and Cusatis, G. (2009), "Hygro-thermo-chemical modeling of high performance concrete. I: Theory", Cement Concrete Compos., 31(5), 301-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.02.015
  13. Di Luzio, G. and Cusatis, G. (2009), "Hygro-thermo-chemical modeling of high performance concrete. II: Numerical implementation, calibration, and validation", Cement Concrete Compos., 31(5), 309-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.02.016
  14. GB 175-2007/XG2-2015 (2015), Common Portland cements, Standardization Administration of China, Standards Press of China, Beijing, China.
  15. GB 50176-2016 (2016), Code for thermal design of civil building, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the PRC, China Architecture & Building Press, Beijing, China.
  16. GB 50736-2012 (2012), Design code for heating ventilation and air conditioning of civil buildings, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the PRC, China Architecture & Building Press, Beijing, China.
  17. GB/T 10294-2008 (2008), Thermal insulation-Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties-guarded hot plate apparatus, Standardization Administration of China, Standards Press of China, Beijing, China.
  18. GB/T 50081-2002 (2002), Standard for test method of mechanical properties on ordinary concrete, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the PRC, China Architecture & Building Press, Beijing, China.
  19. Hattel, J.H. and Thorborg, J. (2003), "A numerical model for predicting the thermomechanical conditions during hydration of early-age concrete", Appl. Math. Model., 27(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0307-904X(02)00082-3
  20. Ilc, A., Turk, G., Kavcic, F. and Trtnik, G. (2009), "New numerical procedure for the prediction of temperature development", Automat. Constr., 18(6), 849-855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2009.03.009
  21. Jendele, L., Smilauer, V. and Cervenka, J. (2014), "Multiscale hydro-thermo-mechanical model for early-age and mature concrete structures", Adv. Eng. Softw., 72(2), 134-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2013.05.002
  22. Jeon, S.J., Jin, B.M., Kim, Y.J. and Chung, C.H. (2007), "Consistent thermal analysis procedure of LNG storage tank", Struct. Eng. Mech., 25(4), 445-466. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2007.25.4.445
  23. Kim, K.H., Jeon, S.E., Kim, J.K. and Yang, S. (2003), "An experimental study on thermal conductivity of concrete", Cement Concrete Res., 33(3), 363-371. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00965-1
  24. Klemczak, B.A. (2014), "Modeling thermal-shrinkage stresses in early age massive concrete structures-comparative study of basic models", Arch. Civil Mech. Eng., 14, 721-733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acme.2014.01.002
  25. Lee, Y., Choi, M.S., Yi, S.T. and Kim, J.K. (2009), "Experimental study on the convective heat transfer coefficient of early-age concrete", Cement Concrete Compos., 31(1), 60-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2008.09.009
  26. Martinelli, E., Koenders, E.A.B. and Caggiano, A. (2013), "A numerical recipe for modelling hydration and heat flow in hardening concrete", Cement Concrete Compos., 40, 48-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.04.004
  27. Nevile A.M. (1995), Properties of Concrete, Longman, UK.
  28. Qin, F., Fan, F., Li, Z., Qian, H.L. and Jin, X.F. (2014), "Thermal simulation of hydration heat in slab of Taishan nuclear power plant unit 2", Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering, Orlando, Florida, United States, June.
  29. SL 352-2006 (2006), Test Code for Hydraulic Concrete, Ministry of Water Resource of the PRC, China Water Power Press, Beijing, China.
  30. Wang, Q., Yan, P.Y. and Feng, J.J. (2013), "Design of highvolume fly ash concrete for a massive foundation slab", Mag. Concr. Res., 65(2), 71-81. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.11.00154
  31. Wang, X.F., Li, D.W., Han, N.X. and Xing, F. (2016), "Early age behavior analysis for reinforced concrete bridge pier", Comput. Concrete, 18(5), 1041-1051. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2016.18.5.1041
  32. Zhai, X.M., Wang, Y.H. and Wang, H. (2016), "Thermal stress analysis of concrete wall of LNG tank during construction period", Mater. Struct., 49, 2393-2406. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-015-0656-9
  33. Zhou, Y., Meng, D. and Wang, Y.F. (2014), "Finite element simulation of hydration and creep of early-age concrete materials", J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 26(11), 05014006. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001105
  34. Zhu, B.F. (2013), Thermal Stresses and Temperature Control of Mass Concrete, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford,UK.
  35. Zreiki, J., Bouchelaghema, F. and Chaouche, M. (2010), "Earlyage behaviour of concrete in massive structures, experimentation and modelling", Nucl. Eng. Des., 240(10), 2643-2654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2010.07.010