한국응용과학기술학회지 (Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology)

  • 제35권4호
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  • Pages.1230-1242
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  • 2018
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  • 1225-9098(pISSN)
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  • 2288-1069(eISSN)
한국응용과학기술학회 (The Korean Society of Applied Science and Technology)
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돼지사료내 곰팡이독소의 오염 및 영양학적 해결방안

Mycotoxin contaminations in swine diets and potential nutritional solutions

  • 손아름 (건국대학교 동물자원과학과)
  • Son, Ah Reum (Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University)
  • 투고 : 2018.10.15
  • 심사 : 2018.12.21
  • 발행 : 2018.12.31
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초록

곰팡이독소는 곰팡이의 2차 대사산물로 동물용 원료사료 중에서 특히 곡물 및 곡물부산물에서 가장 흔하게 발생한다. 돼지는 곰팡이독소에 대한 감수성이 다른 동물에 비해 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. 아플라톡신, 디옥시니발레놀 및 제랄레논은 동물용 원료사료에서 가장 흔하게 발생하는 곰팡이독소이며, 국내 외에서 허용기준을 설정하여 관리하고 있다. 곰팡이독소는 종류에 따라 서로 다른 독성작용을 가지지만 모두 면역체계를 표적으로 하며, 최종적으로 돼지의 성장저하를 초래한다. 따라서 곰팡이독소에 의한 피해를 최소화하기 위한 다양한 대책이 필요하다. 일반적으로 곰팡이독소에 오염된 사료를 섭취한 돼지는 사료섭취량이 감소하며, 그 결과 증체량 저하가 발생한다. 사료섭취량 감소로 인한 필수영양소의 불충분한 공급은 영양소함량을 강화시킨 사료를 급여함으로써 증체량 감소를 최소화할 수 있다. 또한 곰팡이독소 저감제를 이용하여 곰팡이독소에 의한 피해를 저감시킬 수 있으나, 곰팡이독소의 종류 및 농도, 환경적 요인, 저감제의 종류 등에 따라 저감제 사용 효과에 대한 변이가 존재한다.

In the present work, we reviewed feed mycotoxin-related research and provide potential strategies to overcome feed mycotoxin issues. Cereal grains and cereal byproducts are most easily contaminated by fungus. Fungi in feed ingredients produce secondary metabolites such as aflatoxin, deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone, which are commonly found in feed ingredients. These mycotoxins in animal feeds and ingredients are regulated in many countries. Dietary mycotoxins have detrimental effects on immune systems and growth performance in pigs. A major harmful effect of dietary mycotoxin is reduced feed intake, resulting in deficient energy and nutrient intake and eventually depressed growth of pigs. The reduced energy and nutrient intake may be overcome possibly by increased energy and nutrient concentrations. Dietary supplementation of some mycotoxin binders may reduce the detrimental effects of mycotoxins. However, the effects of mycotoxin binders especially on deoxynivalenol and zearalenone have been reported to be variable depending on classes and concentration of mycotoxin, environmental condition, and type of mycotoxin binders.

키워드

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Fig. 1. Relative reduction in feed intake by dietary aflatoxin(AFL) concentration. △FI(%) = –24.9 × AFL(mg/kg) – 1.7 (R2=0.70, p<0.001); △FI(%) = 0.4 – 51.6 × (1 – e-0.947×AFL) (R2=0.79, p<0.001) (n = 83; adapted from Mok 등(2013)[4])

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Fig. 2. Relative reduction in weight gain(WG) by dietary aflatoxin(AFL) concentration. △WG(%) = –22.7 × AFL(mg/kg) – 4.0 (R2=0.62, p<0.001); △WG(%) = –1.4 – 50.3 × (1 – e-0.976×AFL) (R2=0.69, p<0.001) (n = 83; adapted from Mok 등(2013)[4])

HGOHBI_2018_v35n4_1230_f0003.png 이미지

Fig. 3. Relative reduction in feed intake(FI) by dietary deoxynivalenol(DON) concentration. △FI(%) = –5.64 × DON(mg/kg) – 0.13 (R2=0.60, p<0.001) (n = 117; adapted from Mok 등(2013)[4])

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Fig. 4. Relative reduction in weight gain(WG) by dietary deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration. △WG(%) = –6.49 × DON(mg/kg) + 0.93 (R2=0.61, p<0.001) (n = 117; adapted from Mok 등(2013)[4])

Table 1. Symptoms in pigs fed diets containing aflatoxins

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Table 2. Mycotoxin regulations for complete feeds of pigs in different countries

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Table 3. Symptoms in pigs fed diets containing deoxynivalenol

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Table 4. Symptoms in pigs fed diets containing zearalenone

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Table 5. Ingredients and analyzed nutrient composition of complete diets in growing pigs1) (body weight=50 to 75kg; as-fed basis)

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Table 6. Daily energy and nutrient requirements and intake in aflatoxin-contaminated growing pig diets1)(body weight=50 to 75kg; as-fed basis)

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Table 7. Daily energy and nutrient intake from aflatoxin-contaminated and nutrient-fortified diets by growing pigs1),2)(body weight=50 to 75kg; as-fed basis)

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