Structural Engineering and Mechanics

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Performance comparison of shear walls with openings designed using elastic stress and genetic evolutionary structural optimization methods

  • Zhang, Hu Z. (Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Structures for Wind Resistance and Vibration Control, Hunan University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Liu, Xia (Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Damage Diagnosis for Engineering Structures, Hunan University) ;
  • Yi, Wei J. (Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Damage Diagnosis for Engineering Structures, Hunan University) ;
  • Deng, Yao H. (Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Damage Diagnosis for Engineering Structures, Hunan University)
  • Received : 2017.03.29
  • Accepted : 2017.12.26
  • Published : 2018.02.10
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Shear walls are a typical member under a complex stress state and have complicated mechanical properties and failure modes. The separated-elements model Genetic Evolutionary Structural Optimization (GESO), which is a combination of an elastic-plastic stress method and an optimization method, has been introduced in the literature for designing such members. Although the separated-elements model GESO method is well recognized due to its stability, feasibility, and economy, its adequacy has not been experimentally verified. This paper seeks to validate the adequacy of the separated-elements model GESO method against experimental data and demonstrate its feasibility and advantages over the traditional elastic stress method. Two types of reinforced concrete shear wall specimens, which had the location of an opening in the middle bottom and the center region, respectively, were utilized for this study. For each type, two specimens were designed using the separated-elements model GESO method and elastic stress method, respectively. All specimens were subjected to a constant vertical load and an incremental lateral load until failure. Test results indicated that the ultimate bearing capacity, failure modes, and main crack types of the shear walls designed using the two methods were similar, but the ductility indexes including the stiffness degradation, deformability, reinforcement yielding, and crack development of the specimens designed using the separated-elements model GESO method were superior to those using the elastic stress method. Additionally, the shear walls designed using the separated-elements model GESO method, had a reinforcement layout which could closely resist the actual critical stress, and thus a reduced amount of steel bars were required for such shear walls.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : National Science Foundation of China

References

  1. ACI 318 (2014), Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary, American Concrete Institute, Michigan, U.S.A.
  2. ASCE/SEI 41-06 (2007), Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings, American Society of Civil Engineers, 180-193.
  3. Christidis, K.I. and Trezos, K.G. (2017), "Experimental investigation of existing non-conforming RC shear walls", Eng. Struct., 140, 26-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.02.063
  4. Fernandes, W.S., Greco, M. and Almeida, V.S. (2017), "Application of the smooth evolutionary structural optimization method combined with a multi-criteria decision procedure", Eng. Struct., 143, 40-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.04.001
  5. GB 50010 (2010), Code for Design of Concrete Structures, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
  6. Galano, L. and Vignoli, A. (2000), "Seismic behavior of short coupling beams with different reinforcement layouts", ACI Struct. J., 97(6), 876-885.
  7. Gulec, C.K., Whittaker, A.S. and Stojadinovic, B. (2008), "Shear strength of squat rectangular reinforced concrete walls", ACI Struct. J., 105(4), 488-497.
  8. Javidsharifi, B. (2017), "Distribution of strength and stiffness in asymmetric wall type system buildings considering foundation flexibility", Struct. Eng. Mech., 63(3), 281-292. https://doi.org/10.12989/SEM.2017.63.3.281
  9. JGJ 3 (2010), Technical Specification for Concrete Structures of Tall Building, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
  10. Lao, X.C. and Han, X.L. (2011), "Performance index limits of medium-height RC shear wall components", Adv. Mater. Res., 163-167, 1134-1138.
  11. Liang, X.W., Kou, J.L. and Deng, M.K. (2011), "Experimental investigation on seismic behaviors of high-performance concrete shear walls of rectangular section", Adv. Mater. Res., 255-260, 2439-2443. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.255-260.2439
  12. Liu, X. and Yi, W.J. (2010), "Michell-like 2D layouts generated by genetic ESO", Struct. Multidiscipl. Optim., 42, 111-123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-009-0474-1
  13. Liu, X., Yi, W.J., Li, Q.S. and Shen, P.S. (2008), "Genetic evolutionary structural optimization", J. Constr. Steel Res., 64, 305-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2007.08.002
  14. Pavel, F. and Pricopie, A. (2015), "Prediction of engineering demand parameters for RC wall structures", Struct. Eng. Mech., 54(4), 741-754. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2015.54.4.741
  15. Querin, O.M. (1997), "Evolutionary structural optimisation: Stress based formulation and implementation", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
  16. Querin, O.M., Steven, G.P. and Xie, Y.M. (1998), "Evolutionary structural optimisation (ESO) using a bidirectional algorithm", Eng. Comput., 15(8), 1031-1048. https://doi.org/10.1108/02644409810244129
  17. Querin, O.M., Young, V., Steven, G.P. and Xie, Y.M. (2000), "Computational efficiency and validation of bi-directional evolutionary structural optimisation", Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng., 189(2), 559-573. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-7825(99)00309-6
  18. Quiroz, L.G., Maruyama, Y. and Zavala, C. (2013), "Cyclic behavior of thin RC peruvian shear walls: Full-scale experimental investigation and numerical simulation", Eng. Struct., 52(9), 153-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.02.033
  19. Salonikios, T.N. (2002), "Shear strength and deformation patterns of R/C walls with aspect ratio 1.0 and 1.5 designed to Eurocode 8 (EC8)", Eng. Struct., 24(1), 39-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(01)00076-1
  20. Salonikios, T.N., Kappos, A.J., Tegos, I.A. and Penelis, G.G. (1999), "Cyclic load behavior of low-slenderness reinforced concrete walls: Design basis and test results", ACI Struct. J., 96(4), 649-660.
  21. Tang, Y., Kurtz, A. and Zhao, Y.F. (2015), "Bidirectional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) based design method for lattice structure to be fabricated by additive manufacturing", Comput.-Aid. Des., 69(C), 91-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2015.06.001
  22. Tomazevic, M., Lutman, M. and Petkovic, L. (1996), "Seismic behavior of masonry walls: Experimental simulation", J. Struct. Eng., 122(9), 1040-1047. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1996)122:9(1040)
  23. Xie, Y.M. and Steven, G.P. (1993), "A simple evolutionary procedure for structural optimization", Comput. Struct., 49(5), 885-896. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(93)90035-C
  24. Yang, X.Y., Xie, Y.M., Steven, G.P. and Querin, O.M. (1999), "Bidirectional evolutionary method for stiffness optimization", AIAA J., 37(11), 1483-1488. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.626
  25. Young, V., Querin, O.M., Steven, G.P. and Xie, Y.M. (1999), "3D and multiple load case bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO)", Struct. Optim., 18(2-3), 183-192. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01195993
  26. Zhang, H.Z., Liu, X. and Yi, W.J. (2014), "Reinforcement layout optimisation of RC D-regions", Adv. Struct. Eng., 17(7), 979-992. https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.17.7.979
  27. Zhang, W.X., Huang, X. and Liu, X. (2017), "Reinforcement layout optimization design using the genetic adding evolutionary structural optimization", J. Comput. Mech., 34(3), 303-311.