Structural Engineering and Mechanics

  • 제65권1호
  • /
  • Pages.81-89
  • /
  • 2018
  • /
  • 1225-4568(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1598-6217(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Evaluation of monotonic and cyclic behaviour of geotextile encased stone columns

  • Ardakani, Alireza (Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Imam Khomeini International University) ;
  • Gholampoor, Naeem (Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Imam Khomeini International University) ;
  • Bayat, Mahdi (Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University) ;
  • Bayat, Mahmoud (Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University)
  • 투고 : 2017.06.25
  • 심사 : 2017.10.14
  • 발행 : 2018.01.10
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Stone column installation is a convenient method for improvement of soft ground. In very soft clays, in order to increase the lateral confinement of the stone columns, encasing the columns with high stiffness and creep resistant geosynthetics has proved to be a successful solution. This paper presents the results of three dimensional finite element analyses for evaluating improvement in behaviour of ordinary stone columns (OSCs) installed in soft clay by geotextile encasement under monotonic and cyclic loading by a comprehensive parametric study. The parameters include length and stiffness of encasement, types of stone columns (floating and end bearing), frictional angle and elastic modulus of stone column's material and diameter of stone columns. The results indicate that increasing the stiffness of encasement clearly enhances cyclic behaviour of geotextile encased stone columns (GESCs) in terms of reduction in residual settlement. Performance of GESCs is less sensitive to internal friction angle and elasticity modulus of column's materials in comparison with OSCs. Also, encasing at the top portion of stone column up to triple the diameter of column is found to be adequate in improving its residual settlement and at all loading cycles, end bearing columns provide much higher resistance than floating columns.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Aboshi, H., Ichimoto, E., Enoki, M. and Harada, K. (1979), "The composer a method to improve the characteristics of soft clays by inclusion of large diameter sand columns", International Conference on Soil Reinforcement, Paris.
  2. Alexiew, D., Brokemper, D. and Lothspeich, S. (2005), "Geotextile Encased Columns (GEC): Load Capacity, Geotextile Selection and Pre-Design Graphs", Geo-Frontiers 2005 Congress, Austin, Texas, January.
  3. Ambily, A.P. and Gandhi, S.R. (2004), "Experimental and theoretical evaluation of stone column in soft clay", International Conference on Geosynthetics and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Bombay, India.
  4. Ambily, A.P. and Gandhi, S.R. (2007), "Behaviour of stone columns based on experimental and FEM analysis", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., ASCE, 133(4), 405-415. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:4(405)
  5. Ardakani, A., Bayat, M. and Javanmard, M. (2014), "Numerical modeling of soil nail walls considering Mohr Coulomb, hardening soil and hardening soil with small-strain stiffness effect models", Geomech. Eng., 6(4), 391-401. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2014.6.4.391
  6. Balasubramaniam, A.S. and Chaudry, A.R. (1978), "Deformation and strength characteristics of soft Bangkok clay", J. Geotech. Eng. Div., 104(9), 1153-1167.
  7. Basack, S., Indraratna, B. and Rujikiatkamjorn, C. (2015), "Modeling the performance of stone column-reinforced soft ground under static and cyclic loads", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 142(2), 04015067-1-15.
  8. Bergado, D.T., Singh, N., Sim, S.H., Panichayatum, B., Sampaco, C.L. and Balasubramaniam, A.S. (1990), "Improvement of soft Bangkok clay using vertical geotextile band drains compared with granular piles", Geotext. Geomembran., 9(3), 203-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/0266-1144(90)90054-G
  9. Castro, J. and Karstunen, M. (2010), "Numerical simulations of stone column installation", Can. Geotech. J., 47(10), 1127-1138. https://doi.org/10.1139/T10-019
  10. Das, B.M. (1941), Principles of Foundation Engineering, 2nd Edition, PWS-KENT, Boston.
  11. Demir, A., Sarc, T., Laman, M. and Bagrack, B. (2013), "An experimental study on behaviour of geosynthetic reinforced stone columns", 2nd International Balkans Conference on Challenges of Civil Engineering, BCCCE, Tirana, Albania.
  12. Dinarvand, R. and Ardakani, A. (2017), "Behavior of geosynthetic-encased granular column in silty sand soil by direct shear test", Amirkabir J. Civil Eng., doi: 10.22060/ceej.2017.12979.5308.
  13. Ghazavi, M. and Afshar, J.N. (2013), "Bearing capacity of geosynthetic encased stone columns", Geotext. Geomembran., 38, 26-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2013.04.003
  14. Gnandji, R.A. and Kalumba, D. (2014), "Experimental and numerical analyses of the behaviour of rammed stone columns installed in a South African soft soil", Int. J. Eng. Sci. Innov. Technol., 3(6), 477-499.
  15. Gniel, J. and Bouazza, A. (2009), "Improvement of soft soils using geogrid encased stone columns", Geotext. Geomembran., 27(3), 167-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2008.11.001
  16. Gniel, J. and Bouazza, A. (2009), "Improvement of soft soils using geogrid encased stone columns", Geotext. Geomembran., 27, 167-175 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2008.11.001
  17. Greenwood, D.A. (1970), "Mechanical improvement of soils below ground surface", Ground Engineering Conference Organised by the Institution of Civil Engineers, London.
  18. Guetif, Z., Bouassida, M. and Debats, J.M. (2007), "Improved soft clay characteristics due to stone column installation", Comput. Geotech., 34(2), 104-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2006.09.008
  19. Guetif, Z., Bouassida, M. and Debats, J.M. (2007), "Improved soft clay characteristics due to stone column installation", Comput. Geotech., 34, 104-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2006.09.008
  20. Guo, L., Wang, J., Cai, Y., Liu, H., Gao, Y. and Sun. H. (2013), "Undrained deformation behavior of saturated soft clay under long-term cyclic loading", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 50, 28-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.01.029
  21. Han, J. and Ye. S.L. (2001), "Simplified method for consolidation rate of stone column reinforced foundations", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 127(7), 597-603. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2001)127:7(597)
  22. Hughes, J.M.O., Withers, N.J. and Greenwood, D.A. (1975), "A field trial of the reinforcing effect of a stone column in soil", Geotechnique, 25(1), 31-44. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1975.25.1.31
  23. Javanmard, M., Bayat, M. and Ardakani, A. (2013), "Nonlinear vibration of Euler-Bernoulli beams resting on linear elastic foundation", Steel Compos. Struct., 15(4), 439-449. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2013.15.4.439
  24. Jellali, B., Bouassida, M. and de Buhan, P. (2007), "A homogenization approach to estimate the ultimate bearing capacity of a stone column reinforced foundation", Int. J. Geotech. Eng., 1(1), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.3328/IJGE.2007.01.01.61-69
  25. Kempfert, H. and Gebreselassi, B. (2006), Excavations and Foundations in Soft Soils, Springer-verlay, Berlin.
  26. Khabbazian, M., Kaliakin, V.N. and Meehan, C.L. (2010), "Numerical study of the effect of geosynthetic encasement on the behaviour of granular columns", Geosynth. Int., 17, 132-143. https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.2010.17.3.132
  27. Kolekar, Y.A., Shafi Mir, O. and Murty, D.S. (2011), "Behaviour of stone column reinforced marin clay under static and cyclic loading", Proceedings of IGC, Kochi, December.
  28. Latha, G.M., Rajagopal, K. and Krishnaswamy, N.R. (2006), "Experimental and theoretical investigations on geocell-supported embankments", Int. J. Geomech., ASCE, 6(1), 30-35. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1532-3641(2006)6:1(30)
  29. Lo, S.R., Zhang, R. and Mak, J. (2010), "Geosynthetic-encased stone columns in soft clay: a numerical study", Geotext. Geomembran., 28(3), 92-302.
  30. Madhav, M.R. and Vitkar, P.P. (1978), "Strip footing on weak clay stabilized with a granular trench or pile", Can. Geotech. J., 15(4), 605-609. https://doi.org/10.1139/t78-066
  31. Maheshwari, P. and Khatri, S. (2010), "Nonlinear response of footings on granular bed stone column-reinforced poor soil", Int. J. Geotech. Eng., 4(4), 435-443. https://doi.org/10.3328/IJGE.2010.04.04.435-443
  32. Murugesan, S. and Rajagopal, K. (2006), "Geosynthetic-encased stone columns: numerical evaluation", Geotext. Geomembran., 24(6), 349-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2006.05.001
  33. Murugesan, S. and Rajagopal, K. (2007), "Model tests on geosynthetic-encased stone columns", Geosynth. Int., 14(6), 346-354. https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.2007.14.6.346
  34. Murugesan, S. and Rajagopal, K. (2009), "Performance of encased stone columns and design guidelines for construction on soft clay soils", J. Geosynth. Civil Environ. Eng., 10, 72-734.
  35. Murugesan, S. and Rajagopal, K. (2010), "Studies on the behaviour of single and group of geosynthetic encased stone columns", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 136, 129-139. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000187
  36. Rajagopal, K., Krishnaswamy, N.R. and Latha, G.M. (1999), "Behaviour of sand confined with single and multiple geocells", Geotext. Geomembran., 17(3), 171-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-1144(98)00034-X
  37. Rajesh, S. and Jain, P. (2015), "Influence of permeability of soft clay on the efficiency of stone columns and geosynthetic-encased stone columns-a numerical study", Int. J. Geotech. Eng., 9(5), 483-493. https://doi.org/10.1179/1939787914Y.0000000088
  38. Raju, K.V.S.B., Govinda Raju, L. and Chandrashekhar, A.S. (2013), "Cyclic response of stone columns", Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res., 4(5), 29-32.
  39. Saroglou, H., Antoniou, A. and Pateras, S. (2009), "Ground improvement of clayey soil formations using stone columns: A case study from Greece", Int. J. Geotech. Eng., 3(4), 493-498. https://doi.org/10.3328/IJGE.2009.03.04.493-498
  40. Sexton, B.G. and McCabe, B.A. (2015), "Modeling stone column installation in an elasto-visco plastic soil", Int. J. Geotech. Eng., 9(5), 500-512. https://doi.org/10.1179/1939787914Y.0000000090
  41. Sharma, S.R., Phanikumar, B.R. and Nagendra, G. (2004), "Compressive load response of granular piles reinforced with geogrids", Can. Geotech. J., 41(1), 187-192. https://doi.org/10.1139/t03-075
  42. Shivashankar, R., Babu, M.R.D., Nayak, S. and Rajathkumar, V. (2011), "Experimental studies on behaviour of stone columns in layered soils", Geotech. Geolog. Eng., 29(5), 749-757. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-011-9414-0
  43. Smith, M. and Filz, G. (2007), "Axisymmetric numerical modeling of a unit cell in geosynthetic-reinforced, column-supported embankments", Geosynth. Int., 14(1), 13-22. https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.2007.14.1.13
  44. Sunitsakul, J., Sawatparnich, A. and Apimeteetamrong, S. (2010), "Basic soil properties from CPT in Bangkok clay for highway design", 2nd International Symposium on Cone Penetration Testing, Huntington Beach, CA, USA.
  45. Tandel, Y.K., Solanki, C.H. and Desai, A.K. (2013), "Laboratory experimental analysis on encapsulated stone column", Arch. Civil Eng., 59(3), 359-379.
  46. Watts, K.S., Johnson, D., Wood, L.A. and Saadi, A. (2015), "An instrumented trial of vibro ground treatment supporting strip foundations in a variable fill", Ground Soil Improv., 50(6), 699-708.