Molecules and Cells

Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology (한국분자세포생물학회)
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Mechanisms and Physiological Roles of Mitophagy in Yeast

  • Fukuda, Tomoyuki (Department of Cellular Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences) ;
  • Kanki, Tomotake (Department of Cellular Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences)
  • Received : 2017.09.13
  • Accepted : 2017.12.05
  • Published : 2018.01.31
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Abstract

Mitochondria are responsible for supplying of most of the cell's energy via oxidative phosphorylation. However, mitochondria also can be deleterious for a cell because they are the primary source of reactive oxygen species, which are generated as a byproduct of respiration. Accumulation of mitochondrial and cellular oxidative damage leads to diverse pathologies. Thus, it is important to maintain a population of healthy and functional mitochondria for normal cellular metabolism. Eukaryotes have developed defense mechanisms to cope with aberrant mitochondria. Mitochondria autophagy (known as mitophagy) is thought to be one such process that selectively sequesters dysfunctional or excess mitochondria within double-membrane autophagosomes and carries them into lysosomes/vacuoles for degradation. The power of genetics and conservation of fundamental cellular processes among eukaryotes make yeast an excellent model for understanding the general mechanisms, regulation, and function of mitophagy. In budding yeast, a mitochondrial surface protein, Atg32, serves as a mitochondrial receptor for selective autophagy that interacts with Atg11, an adaptor protein for selective types of autophagy, and Atg8, a ubiquitin-like protein localized to the isolation membrane. Atg32 is regulated transcriptionally and post-translationally to control mitophagy. Moreover, because Atg32 is a mitophagy-specific protein, analysis of its deficient mutant enables investigation of the physiological roles of mitophagy. Here, we review recent progress in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms and functional importance of mitophagy in yeast at multiple levels.

Keywords

E1BJB7_2018_v41n1_35_f0001.png 이미지

Fig. 1. Mitophagy in yeast. (A) Schematic represen-tation of autophagy. When autophagy is induced,isolation membranes nucleate at the preautoph-agosomal structure/phagophore assembly site(PAS). They grow and engulf cytoplasmic cargosto form a double-membrane vesicle called anautophagosome. Autophagosomes subsequentlyfuse with the lysosome/ vacuole and release the

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