참고문헌
- Braak H, de Vos RA, Jansen EN, Bratzke H, Braak E. Neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Prog Brain Res. 1998;117:267-85.
- Braak H, Braak E. Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes. Acta Neuropathol. 1991;82(4):239-59. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00308809
- van der Flier WM, Scheltens P. Alzheimer disease: hippocampal volume loss and Alzheimer disease progression. Nat Rev Neurol. 2009 Jul;5(7):361-2. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2009.94
- Bondolfi L, Calhoun M, Ermini F, Kuhn HG, Wiederhold KH, Walker L, et al. Amyloid-associated neuron loss and gliogenesis in the neocortex of amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice. J Neurosci. 2002 Jan 15;22(2):515-22. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-02-00515.2002
- Villemagne VL, Dore V, Bourgeat P, Burnham SC, Laws S, Salvado O, et al. Abeta-amyloid and Tau Imaging in Dementia. Semin Nucl Med. 2017 Jan;47(1):75-88. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2016.09.006
- Small SA, Duff K. Linking Abeta and tau in late-onset Alzheimer's disease: a dual pathway hypothesis. Neuron. 2008 Nov 26;60(4):534-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2008.11.007
- Nardone R, Holler Y, Bathke AC, Holler P, Lochner P, Tezzon F, et al. Subjective memory impairment and cholinergic transmission: a TMS study. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2015 Jun;122(6):873-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-014-1344-6
- Ma L, Xiao H, Wen J, Liu Z, He Y, Yuan F. Possible mechanism of Vitis vinifera L. flavones on neurotransmitters, synaptic transmission and related learning and memory in Alzheimer model rats. Lipids Health Dis. 2018 Jul 4;17(1):152. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-018-0708-6
- Wang X, Wang W, Li L, Perry G, Lee HG, Zhu X. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Aug;1842(8):1240-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.10.015
- Ali TB, Schleret TR, Reilly BM, Chen WY, Abagyan R. Adverse Effects of Cholinesterase Inhibitors in Dementia, According to the Pharmacovigilance Databases of the United-States and Canada. PLoS One. 2015;10(12):e0144337. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144337
- Xie SS, Lan JS, Wang XB, Jiang N, Dong G, Li ZR, et al. Multifunctional tacrine-trolox hybrids for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease with cholinergic, antioxidant, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective properties. Eur J Med Chem. 2015 Mar 26;93:42-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.01.058
- Parmacopoeia of the people's republic of China. Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, 2015;1:31
- The ministry of health, labour and welfare, The Japanese Pharmacopoeia Seventeenth edition, 2016;1842.
- Liu P, Kallio H, Lu D, Zhou C, Yang B. Quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds in Chinese hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) fruits by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. Food Chem. 2011 Aug 1;127(3):1370-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.103
- Cui T, Li JZ, Kayahara H, Ma L, Wu LX, Nakamura K. Quantification of the polyphenols and triterpene acids in chinese hawthorn fruit by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Jun 28;54(13):4574-81. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf060310m
- Shao F, Gu L, Chen H, Liu R, Huang H, Ren G. Comparation of Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Effects of Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts of Crataegus pinnatifida Fruit in High-Fat Emulsion-Induced Hyperlipidemia Rats. Pharmacogn Mag. 2016 Jan-Mar;12(45):64-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.176049
- Shin IS, Lee MY, Lim HS, Ha H, Seo CS, Kim JC, et al. An extract of Crataegus pinnatifida fruit attenuates airway inflammation by modulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in ovalbumin induced asthma. PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e45734. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045734
- Kim SH, Kang KW, Kim KW, Kim ND. Procyanidins in crataegus extract evoke endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in rat aorta. Life Sci. 2000;67(2):121-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(00)00608-1
- Dong P, Pan L, Zhang X, Zhang W, Wang X, Jiang M, et al. Hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge) leave flavonoids attenuate atherosclerosis development in apoE knock-out mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2017 Feb 23;198:479-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.040
- Tadic VM, Dobric S, Markovic GM, Dordevic SM, Arsic IA, Menkovic NR, et al. Anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, free-radical-scavenging, and antimicrobial activities of hawthorn berries ethanol extract. J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Sep 10;56(17):7700-9. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf801668c
- Liu S, Chang X, Liu X, Shen Z. Effects of pretreatments on anthocyanin composition, phenolics contents and antioxidant capacities during fermentation of hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida) drink. Food Chem. 2016 Dec 1;212:87-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.146
- Luo M, Yang X, Hu JY, Jiao J, Mu FS, Song ZY, et al. Antioxidant Properties of Phenolic Compounds in Renewable Parts of Crataegus pinnatifida inferred from Seasonal Variations. J Food Sci. 2016 May;81(5):C1102-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.13291
- Pang XC, Kang, Fang JS, Zhao Y, Xu LJ, Lian WW, et al. Network pharmacology-based analysis of Chinese herbal Naodesheng formula for application to Alzheimer's disease. Chin J Nat Med. 2018 Jan;16(1):53-62.
- Wang SB, Ahn E-M, Jung JW. The fruits of Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge ameliorates learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine. The Korea journal of herbology. 2009;24(4):165-71.
- Song TH, Choi HS, Kim YS, Woo IA. Study on sensory and mechanical characteristics of white bread containing different levels of Korean and Chinese Sansa (Crataegus pinatifida Bunge) powder. Journal of the Korean society of food culture. 2012 Aug 30;27(4):391-9. https://doi.org/10.7318/KJFC/2012.27.4.391
- Park Y, Lee HJ, Lee JJ. Effects of Korean and Chinese Crataegi Fructrus on the Antioxidant Activity and Antiproliferation of Cancer Cells. The Korean Journal of Community Living Science [Internet]. 2015 Feb 27;26(1):103-13. https://doi.org/10.7856/kjcls.2015.26.1.103
- Ellman GL, Courtney KD, Andres V, Jr., Feather-Stone RM. A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem Pharmacol. 1961 Jul;7:88-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(61)90145-9
- Ryu CH, Jung IC, Cho SH, Hwang WW, Kang WC, Lee SR. Preliminary study to develop the instrument of oriental medical evaluation for dementia. Journal of oriental neuropsychiatry. 2010;21(4):123-35.
- Cantuti-Castelvetri I, Shukitt-Hale B, Joseph JA. Neurobehavioral aspects of antioxidants in aging. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2000 Jul-Aug;18(4-5):367-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0736-5748(00)00008-3
- Padurariu M, Ciobica A, Lefter R, Serban IL, Stefanescu C, Chirita R. The oxidative stress hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease. Psychiatr Danub. 2013 Dec;25(4):401-9.
- Arora R, Kumar R, Agarwal A, Reeta KH, Gupta YK. Comparison of three different extracts of Centella asiatica for anti-amnesic, antioxidant and anticholinergic activities: in vitro and in vivo study. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;105:1344-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.156
- Li W, Zhao T, Zhang J, Xu J, Sun-Waterhouse D, Zhao M, et al. Effect of walnut protein hydrolysate on scopolamine-induced learning and memory deficits in mice. J Food Sci Technol. 2017;54(10):3102-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-017-2746-x
- Duan Y, Kim MA, Seong JH, Chung HS, Kim HS. Antioxidative activities of various solvent extracts from haw (Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge). Korean Journal of Food Preservation. 2014 Apr 30;21(2):246-53. https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2014.21.2.246
- Nam SM, Kang IJ, Shin MH. Anti-diabetic and Anti-oxidative activities of Extracts from Crataegus pinnatifida. Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life. 2015 Apr 30;25(2):270. https://doi.org/10.17495/easdl.2015.4.25.2.270
- Han Y, Yang H, Li L, Du X, Sun C. Schisanhenol improves learning and memory in scopolamine-treated mice by reducing acetylcholinesterase activity and attenuating oxidative damage through SIRT1-PGC-1alpha-Tau signaling pathway. Int J Neurosci. 2018 Jul 21:1-23.
- Ahmadi A, Roghani M, Noori S, Nahri-Niknafs B, Bakhtiar H. Substituted Aminobenzothiazole Derivatives of Tacrine: Synthesis and Study on Learning and Memory Impairment in Scopolamine-Induced Model of Amnesia in Rat. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2018 Jul 16.
- Lee J, Kwon H, Yu J, Cho E, Jeon J, Lee S, et al. The enhancing effect of Aubang Gahl Soo on the hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory through enhancing cholinergic system in mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2018 May 26;224:91-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.017
- Bhuvanendran S, Kumari Y, Othman I, Shaikh MF. Amelioration of Cognitive Deficit by Embelin in a Scopolamine-Induced Alzheimer's Disease-Like Condition in a Rat Model. Front Pharmacol. 2018;9:665. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00665
- Li HQ, Ip SP, Zheng GQ, Xian YF, Lin ZX. Isorhynchophylline alleviates learning and memory impairments induced by aluminum chloride in mice. Chin Med. 2018;13:29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-018-0187-8